Texas Hazing Laws: A Comprehensive Guide for Lubbock County Families

A late-night phone call. A hushed voice. Your child, away at a Texas university, sounds different—tired, scared, maybe injured. They might admit to a “pledge event” that went too far, or maybe they just say, “I can’t talk about it,” their secrecy a shield for something deeply troubling. Perhaps they’re home in Lubbock County for a visit, and you notice unexplained bruises, extreme fatigue, or a sudden, alarming change in their personality, academics, or financial habits. This isn’t just teenage angst or normal college stress. For families in Lubbock County and across Texas, these are often the first, terrifying signs that their child may be a victim of hazing.

This could happen at any Texas university—including schools where Lubbock County families send their children, just as it could happen right here at Texas Tech University, South Plains College, Wayland Baptist University, Lubbock Christian University, or nearby institutions like Clovis Community College, Eastern New Mexico University, or West Texas A&M University. You might be a parent in Lubbock contemplating your child’s involvement in Greek life at the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, or Baylor, or an athlete at one of our local schools. The fear is universal, and the need for information is urgent.

This guide is for you. It’s a comprehensive resource on hazing and the law in Texas, designed to help families in Lubbock County and across our great state understand:

• What hazing truly looks like in 2025, moving beyond outdated stereotypes.
• The critical legal framework—Texas and federal laws—that governs hazing.
• How national hazing tragedies have shaped legal precedents and what these mean for Texas families.
• Documented incidents and the ongoing challenges at major Texas universities, specifically the University of Houston (UH), Texas A&M University, the University of Texas at Austin (UT), Southern Methodist University (SMU), and Baylor University.
• The serious legal options available to victims and families in Lubbock County and throughout Texas to pursue accountability and compensation.

This article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute specific legal advice. However, if hazing has impacted your family, The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, can provide a confidential evaluation of your specific situation. We serve families throughout Texas, including those right here in Lubbock County and the surrounding communities of Wolfforth, Shallowater, Slaton, Idalou, Ralls, and Abernathy, reaching across the Texas South Plains and the Panhandle.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine.” This is paramount.
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, and DMs immediately. This digital evidence is often the most convincing.
    • Photograph any visible injuries from multiple angles, and continue taking photos for several days to document healing or worsening.
    • Save physical items like soiled clothing, broken objects, receipts for forced purchases, or any “props” used in hazing.
  • Write down everything while your memory is fresh: who was involved, what happened, when, where, and any specific quotes or details.
  • Do NOT:
    • Directly confront the fraternity, sorority, or other organization. This can lead to evidence destruction or retaliation.
    • Sign anything from the university or an insurance company. Doing so could waive your rights or compromise your case.
    • Post details on public social media. This can be used against you by defense attorneys.
    • Let your child delete messages or attempt to “clean up” evidence.

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast, especially digital communications. Witnesses graduate, move on, or are coached.
  • Universities and organizations move quickly to control the narrative and conduct their own internal “investigations” that may not prioritize victim rights or accountability.
  • Our experienced team can help preserve crucial evidence, navigate university processes, and protect your child’s rights.
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate, confidential consultation.

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like

For families in Lubbock County unfamiliar with modern Greek life or student organizations, the term “hazing” might conjure images from decades-old movies—pranks, silly rituals, or harmless initiations. But the reality in 2025 is far more sinister and dangerous. Modern hazing can involve life-threatening physical abuse, extreme psychological torment, forced substance abuse, and insidious digital manipulation, often occurring in secret with a strict code of silence.

Hazing is any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, whether on or off campus, by an individual or a group, directed against a student for the purpose of pledging, initiation, affiliation, or maintaining membership in any student organization, that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of that student. Importantly, if someone felt forced, coerced, or strongly pressured into an activity that endangers them, their “agreement” does not automatically make it safe or legal. The power imbalance inherent in these situations means consent is often not truly voluntary.

Main Categories of Modern Hazing

Hazing tactics are constantly evolving, often becoming more covert and sophisticated to evade detection and accountability.

1. Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This remains the leading cause of hazing fatalities and severe injuries.
– Forced or coerced drinking: Initiations often involve “lineups” of alcohol, drinking games where refusal is punished, or being forced to consume excessive amounts of hard liquor. The goal is often to incapacitate pledges, making them susceptible to further abuse or unable to recall events clearly.
– Chugging challenges and “big/little reveal nights”: These events frequently escalate to dangerous levels of consumption, sometimes featuring “pledge carts” or forced consumption of full handles of alcohol.
– Unknown or mixed substances: Pledges may be pressured to consume concoctions of alcohol and other unknown liquids, or illicit drugs, increasing the risk of poisoning or adverse reactions.

2. Physical Hazing: From traditional methods to brutal new forms, physical hazing aims to inflict pain and exert dominance.
– Paddling and beatings: This can involve wooden paddles, belts, or bare hands, often leaving severe bruises or lacerations.
– Extreme calisthenics, “workouts,” or “smokings”: Hours of strenuous exercise, such as hundreds of push-ups, wall sits until collapse, or forced runs, disguised as “conditioning.”
– Sleep and deprivation: Pledges are often subjected to mandatory late-night events, early morning wake-up calls, and multi-day activities with minimal sleep, impacting their academic performance and physical health.
– Exposure to extreme environments: This can include being forced to stand outside in freezing cold or scorching heat for extended periods, or being crammed into unsanitary, confined spaces.

3. Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: These acts Strip victims of their dignity and can inflict lasting psychological trauma.
– Forced nudity or partial nudity: Pledges may be made to strip, parade naked, or participate in sexually suggestive acts.
– Simulated sexual acts: This includes “elephant walks,” “roasted pig” positions (where a pledge is bound in a humiliating pose), or other degrading mimicry of sexual activity.
– Racist, homophobic, or sexist acts: Pledges may be subjected to slurs, forced role-playing of stereotypes, or acts that denigrate their identity.

4. Psychological Hazing: These tactics erode self-esteem and foster dependence, making victims more pliable.
– Verbal abuse: Constant yelling, insults, threats, and name-calling designed to break down a pledge’s confidence.
– Isolation and manipulation: Pledges may be cut off from friends and family, and manipulated into believing their loyalty to the group is paramount.
– Public shaming: Forced to perform embarrassing acts in front of others or undergo “grilling” sessions where members verbally attack them.

5. Digital/Online Hazing: The rise of social media and ubiquitous smartphones has introduced a new, pervasive dimension to hazing.
– Group chat dares and challenges: Pledges are often compelled to participate in online dares, share compromising images, or respond instantly to messages at all hours.
– Social media humiliation: Forced posting of embarrassing content on platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, or TikTok, or being the subject of degrading memes shared in private or semi-private groups.
– Cyberstalking and tracking: Requiring pledges to share their live location via apps, or monitoring their social media activity for compliance.
– Covert recording: Hazing events are often filmed, not just for “fun,” but sometimes as leverage or to enforce the code of silence.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

The stereotype of hazing being exclusive to “frat boys” is dangerously inaccurate. Hazing is a pervasive issue found across a wide spectrum of collegiate and even high school groups:

• Fraternities and Sororities: This includes social Greek letter organizations across all councils (Interfraternity Council (IFC), Panhellenic, National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), Multicultural Greek Council (MGC)).
• Corps of Cadets / ROTC / Military-Style Groups: Highly structured, tradition-rich environments can unfortunately sometimes foster hazing under the guise of “discipline” or “earning your keep.” Texas A&M’s Corps of Cadets, for example, has seen documented hazing incidents.
• Spirit Squads, Tradition Clubs, and Student Organizations: Groups like “Texas Cowboys” at UT Austin or other campus spirit organizations have a history of hazing allegations.
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to cheerleading and club sports, athletes (both male and female) can be subjected to hazing rituals. The recent hazing scandal at Northwestern University’s football program underscores this.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly innocuous groups can engage in hazing. The tragic death of Robert Champion in the Florida A&M marching band showed that hazing knows no organizational boundaries.
• Academic, Service, and Cultural Clubs: Some of these groups, particularly those with a strong sense of tradition or exclusivity, can also fall prey to destructive hazing practices.

At the core, hazing persists due to a potent combination of social status, tradition, and secrecy. New members, desperate to belong, are often willing to endure abuse to “earn” their place. Older members, having gone through it themselves, perpetrate the cycle. And the strict code of silence, sometimes enforced with threats or intimidation, keeps victims from coming forward, making it challenging for university administrators and law enforcement to intervene until it’s too late. It is a problem that affects college students and their families in Lubbock County just as it does elsewhere in Texas.

Law & Liability Framework in Texas

For Lubbock County families grappling with hazing, understanding the legal landscape is crucial. Texas has specific laws to address hazing, and these can provide avenues for both criminal prosecution and civil recourse.

Texas Hazing Law Basics (Education Code, Chapter 37, Subchapter F)

Texas law clearly defines and prohibits hazing, whether it occurs on or off campus. Under the Texas Education Code § 37.151, hazing means any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, and
• Occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students.

Key aspects of Texas hazing law:

• On or off-campus: The location of the hazing does not matter. Incidents occurring in off-campus houses, private residences in Lubbock, or remote retreats are still covered.
• Mental or physical harm: Hazing can impact a student’s psychological well-being (e.g., extreme humiliation, intimidation, sleep deprivation causing distress) as much as their physical body.
• Intent: An act can be considered hazing if the perpetrator acted “recklessly,” meaning they knew (or should have known) the act posed a substantial risk of harm but disregarded it. Malicious intent isn’t always required.
• “Consent” is not a defense: As explicitly stated in Texas Education Code § 37.155, it is not a defense to prosecution for hazing that the person being hazed “consented” to the activity. The law recognizes the inherent coercion in hazing environments.

Criminal Penalties for Hazing in Texas (§ 37.152):

• Class B Misdemeanor: Most hazing offenses. Punishable by up to 180 days in county jail and/or a fine of up to $2,000.
• Class A Misdemeanor: If the hazing causes bodily injury requiring medical attention. Punishable by up to one year in county jail and/or a fine of up to $4,000.
• State Jail Felony: If the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Punishable by 180 days to two years in a state jail facility and a fine of up to $10,000.
• Failure to Report: Officers or members of an organization who know about hazing and fail to report it can also face misdemeanor charges.

These criminal provisions mean that both individuals and the organizations themselves can face legal consequences for hazing activities within Lubbock County and throughout Texas.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases: The Difference for Lubbock County Families

It’s important for Lubbock citizens and beyond to understand the two parallel tracks for legal action in hazing cases:

• Criminal Cases: These are brought by the State of Texas (a prosecutor) against individuals or organizations accused of violating hazing laws or other criminal statutes (like assault, furnishing alcohol to minors, or even manslaughter in fatal cases). The primary goal of a criminal case is to punish the offender through fines, imprisonment, and probation. A conviction requires proof “beyond a reasonable doubt.”
• Civil Cases: These are brought by the hazing victim or their surviving family members (plaintiffs) against the individuals and organizations responsible for the harm. The primary goal of a civil case is to obtain monetary compensation—damages—to cover medical expenses, lost income, pain and suffering, and other losses. Civil cases require a lower standard of proof, typically “a preponderance of the evidence.”

Crucially, a criminal conviction is not required to pursue a civil hazing case. Even if prosecutors decline to file criminal charges or defendants are acquitted, victims and families can still seek justice and accountability through a civil lawsuit.

Federal Overlay: Protecting Students in Texas and Beyond

Beyond Texas state law, federal regulations also play a role in addressing hazing, particularly at federally funded institutions like the universities many Lubbock County students attend.

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This significant federal law mandates that colleges and universities receiving federal funding must:
  • Publicly report hazing incidents and related disciplinary actions more transparently.
  • Strengthen hazing education and prevention efforts.
  • Maintain and make publicly accessible comprehensive hazing data, with full implementation expected by around 2026. This greater transparency will be vital for parents in Lubbock County researching prospective schools.
• Title IX: If hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, or gender-based discrimination or harassment, it falls under the purview of Title IX. This federal law prohibits sex-based discrimination in education and requires universities to respond appropriately to such incidents.
• Clery Act: This federal law mandates that colleges and universities disclose information about campus crime, including hate crimes. Hazing incidents that involve assault, alcohol, or drug-related offenses can trigger Clery Act reporting requirements, contributing to a broader picture of campus safety risks.

Who Can Be Held Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit?

The complexity of hazing cases means that liability can extend beyond the immediate perpetrators. A comprehensive hazing lawsuit often targets multiple parties to ensure full accountability and compensation. These can include:

• Individual Students: Those who actively planned, orchestrated, or carried out the hazing acts, or who stood by and failed to intervene.
• Local Chapter/Organization: The university-recognized student organization itself (e.g., the fraternity or sorority chapter). If the chapter operates as a legal entity, it can be named as a defendant.
• National Fraternity/Sorority: The national headquarters that charters, oversees, and collects dues from local chapters. Liability often hinges on whether the national organization knew or should have known about a pattern of hazing (either at that chapter or across its system) and failed to take adequate preventative or corrective action. This is where the national hazing history becomes critical.
• The University or Governing Board: The educational institution itself, or its Board of Regents. Universities can be held liable for negligent supervision, failure to enforce policies, or “deliberate indifference” to known hazing problems. Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) in Texas benefit from some degree of sovereign immunity, but exceptions apply in cases of gross negligence, Title IX violations, or when suing individual employees in their personal capacities. Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections.
• Third Parties: This can include landlords or owners of off-campus houses or event spaces where hazing occurred, or even bars and alcohol providers under “dram shop” laws if they served obviously intoxicated individuals who then engaged in hazing.

Each hazing case is unique, and the specific parties named in a lawsuit will depend on the facts and circumstances of the incident, the evidence uncovered, and the applicable laws. For families in Lubbock County, understanding these layers of potential liability is the first step toward seeking justice.

National Hazing Case Patterns: Lessons for Texas Families

While the location may be different, the tragic patterns of hazing across the United States offer chillingly relevant lessons for families in Lubbock County and students at Texas universities. These national anchor stories illustrate both the devastating consequences of hazing and the legal precedents that hold individuals and institutions accountable. The Manginello Law Firm leverages the insights from these cases to advocate for our clients in Texas.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death: A Repeating Tragedy

Forced alcohol consumption continues to be the most common and deadly form of hazing.

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State University, Beta Theta Pi (2017): In one of the most high-profile hazing deaths, 19-year-old Timothy Piazza died after a “bid acceptance” night involving extreme drinking. Security cameras captured him falling multiple times, suffering severe head injuries, while fraternity members delayed calling 911 for nearly 12 hours. The incident led to over a thousand criminal counts against fraternity members and a sweeping civil lawsuit. More importantly, it spurred the creation of the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law in Pennsylvania, making hazing a felony under certain conditions. This case highlighted the lethal combination of extreme intoxication, deliberate delay in seeking medical help, and a pervasive culture of silence.
• Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017): Another pledge death due to extreme alcohol poisoning occurred during a “Big Brother Night.” Coffey was given a bottle of liquor and forced to consume it, leading to his collapse and death. Multiple members faced criminal hazing charges, and Florida State University temporarily suspended all Greek life programs in response. The case underscored how “traditional” drinking nights, ostensibly for “bonding,” are often thinly veiled hazing events with deadly outcomes.
• Maxwell “Max” Gruver – Louisiana State University, Phi Delta Theta (2017): Max Gruver died with a blood alcohol content of 0.495% after participating in a “Bible study” drinking game where pledges were forced to drink copious amounts of alcohol for answering questions incorrectly. His death spurred Louisiana to enact the Max Gruver Act, significantly upgrading hazing penalties to felony status. This legislative response in a neighboring state demonstrates how public tragedies lead to tangible legal reforms, impacting how hazing is prosecuted.
• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021): During a pledge night, 20-year-old Stone Foltz was forced to consume an entire bottle of whiskey and died from severe alcohol poisoning. Multiple criminal convictions followed, with individuals facing imprisonment. Civilly, the Foltz family reached a $10 million settlement, with nearly $3 million from Bowling Green State University and the remainder from the national Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity and affiliated individuals. This case in Ohio (which also passed Collin’s Law, a strict anti-hazing measure) illustrates that universities themselves can face substantial financial and reputational consequences for failing to prevent hazing, alongside the fraternities involved.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing: Beyond Alcohol

While alcohol is a common factor, lethal hazing can also involve direct physical violence and dangerous rituals.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013): Michael Deng died from a traumatic brain injury suffered during a brutal blindfolded “glass ceiling” ritual at an off-campus fraternity retreat in the Pocono Mountains. Members repeatedly tackled him while he was weighed down. His death led to criminal convictions for multiple individuals and, significantly, the national Pi Delta Psi fraternity itself was criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter, and banned from operating in Pennsylvania. This landmark case confirmed that off-campus locations and national organizations are not immune from severe legal repercussions.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse: A Widespread Problem

Hazing is not exclusive to Greek life, deeply embedded in some athletic programs.

• Northwestern University Football Scandal (2023–2025): This case revealed widespread allegations of sexualized and racist hazing within a prominent NCAA Division I football program. Former players described disturbing rituals, leading to multiple lawsuits against the university and coaching staff. Head coach Pat Fitzgerald was fired and later settled a wrongful-termination lawsuit confidentially. The Northwestern scandal served as a stark reminder that even high-profile, well-funded athletic programs can be breeding grounds for systemic hazing and institutional failures.

What These National Cases Mean for Texas Families

These national tragedies reveal common, chilling threads: forced drinking, extreme humiliation, physical violence, deliberate delays in seeking medical care, and concerted efforts to cover up incidents. They also demonstrate that justice and accountability, often in the form of multi-million-dollar settlements and significant institutional reforms, are possible—though often only after dedicated legal action.

For Lubbock County families (and those across the Texas South Plains and the Panhandle) whose children attend universities like Texas Tech, or the larger Texas schools like UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, or Baylor, these national lessons are critically important. They show that:

• Foreseeability is key: Repeated incidents demonstrate that organizations have prior notice of the dangers of hazing.
• Accountability is multi-layered: Not just individual students, but local chapters, national organizations, and universities can all be held responsible.
• Legal action makes a difference: Lawsuits drive policy changes, force transparency, and, most importantly, provide a measure of justice and compensation for victims and their families.

The attorneys at The Manginello Law Firm closely follow these national patterns and legal developments, applying this knowledge to every hazing case we pursue in Texas.

Texas Focus: UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor

For Lubbock County families, understanding the specific environments and historical contexts of major Texas universities is paramount. While Texas Tech University and other strong institutions are right here in our community, many students from Lubbock and the surrounding areas attend schools across the state. This section addresses some of Texas’s largest universities, outlining their campus cultures, anti-hazing policies, documented incidents, and how a hazing case might proceed for students enrolled at these institutions.

University of Houston (UH)

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Houston, a large urban campus situated in the heart of the Houston metropolitan area, serves a diverse student body that includes both commuters and residents. Its Greek life is robust and vibrant, with numerous fraternities and sororities from various councils. Beyond Greek life, UH boasts a wide array of student organizations, including cultural clubs, sports clubs, and academic societies, all of which contribute to a dynamic campus environment. Many students from Lubbock County attend UH, drawn by its academic programs and proximity to opportunities in the nation’s fourth-largest city.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

UH has a clear stance against hazing, prohibiting it whether on or off-campus. Their policy, consistent with Texas law, forbids acts that endanger mental or physical health for the purpose of initiation, affiliation, or membership. This includes but is not limited to forced consumption of alcohol, food, or drugs, sleep deprivation, physical mistreatment, and any act causing mental distress. UH provides multiple avenues for reporting hazing, including the Dean of Students’ office, the Office of Student Conduct, and the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD). They also maintain a public hazing statement and some disciplinary information on their website, underscoring their commitment to prevention and enforcement.

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

One notable incident involved the Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) fraternity in 2016. Pledges allegedly faced severe deprivation of food, water, and sleep during a multi-day event. One student reportedly suffered a lacerated spleen after being violently slammed onto a surface. This incident led to misdemeanor hazing charges and a university suspension for the chapter. While UH has taken action against various fraternities and sororities for behaviors like alcohol misuse, physical mistreatment, and policy violations, its public reporting of these incidents provides a less detailed historical account compared to some other Texas universities. This lack of granular detail can sometimes make it harder for parents to track patterns over time but doesn’t diminish the severity of the incidents when they occur.

5.1.4 How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

For a hazing incident occurring at or involving the University of Houston, various agencies could be involved. The University of Houston Police Department (UHPD) would likely lead investigations for on-campus incidents, while the Houston Police Department (HPD) or local county law enforcement (like Harris County Sheriff) would have jurisdiction for off-campus events. Civil lawsuits stemming from hazing at UH would typically be filed in state or federal courts within Harris County. Potential defendants would include the individual students involved, the local fraternity or sorority chapter, the national organization, and potentially the university itself, particularly in cases involving negligent supervision or failures to enforce known policies. Property owners of off-campus venues where hazing occurred might also be named.

5.1.5 What UH Students & Parents Should Do

Lubbock County families with students at the University of Houston should empower themselves with crucial information:

• Reporting: Immediately report any suspected hazing directly to the UH Dean of Students’ office, the Office of Student Conduct, or UHPD. Utilize any anonymous reporting options provided by the university.
• Documentation: Meticulously document all communications with university administrators, including dates, times, and summaries of conversations. Request copies of all university policies and findings related to hazing.
• Legal Counsel: Engage a lawyer experienced in Houston-based hazing cases early. An experienced attorney can navigate UH’s sometimes opaque disciplinary processes, help uncover prior complaints, and access internal university files through legal discovery.
• Evidence Preservation: Crucially, preserve all digital evidence (texts, group chats, social media posts) and medical records. An attorney can help guide this process to ensure critical information isn’t lost or intentionally deleted.

Texas A&M University

5.2.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas A&M University, located in College Station, is renowned for its deep-rooted traditions, a fiercely loyal alumni base, and a strong sense of community unique among Texas institutions. The university boasts a vast Greek life system and, most notably, the Corps of Cadets, a highly structured military-style organization. These environments, while fostering leadership and camaraderie, have also presented challenges related to hazing, sometimes under the guise of “tradition,” “training,” or “earning your Aggie Ring.” Students and families from Lubbock County are frequently part of the Aggie family, with many traveling from the Texas South Plains to College Station.

5.2.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Texas A&M unequivocally prohibits hazing in all its forms. Their policies align with Texas state law, defining hazing broadly to include any act that endangers mental or physical health for membership in an organization. The university encourages all students, faculty, and staff to report hazing immediately through the Dean of Student Life, the Texas A&M University Police Department (TAMU PD), or via anonymous reporting systems. Compliance with the Max Gruver Act is emphasized, and the university details specific prohibited hazing acts in its student rules.

5.2.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Texas A&M has faced significant hazing allegations impacting both its Greek life and the Corps of Cadets.

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) Lawsuit (around 2021): Two pledges filed a lawsuit alleging horrific abuse where they were forced to engage in strenuous activity and then substances, including an industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, and spit, were poured on them, causing severe chemical burns that required skin graft surgeries. The fraternity was suspended by the university for two years. This case vividly illustrates the life-altering physical damage hazing can inflict.
• Corps of Cadets Hazing Allegations (ongoing): The Corps, with its emphasis on traditions, has been a repeated site of hazing concerns. A 2023 lawsuit by a former cadet alleged degrading and physically abusive hazing, including simulated sexual acts and being bound between beds in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. While Texas A&M stated it handled the matter under its internal rules, the lawsuit highlighted the potential for such rituals in groups beyond Greek life.
• Kappa Sigma (2023): Allegations of severe hazing resulting in rhabdomyolysis (a serious condition where muscle fibers break down) among pledges have led to ongoing litigation. This points to the dangers of extreme physical hazing.

These incidents demonstrate that Texas A&M, despite its policies, has contended with serious hazing across various student organizations, often blurring the lines between tradition and abuse.

5.2.4 How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

Investigations into hazing at Texas A&M would involve TAMU PD for on-campus incidents, or the College Station Police Department and/or Brazos County Sheriff’s Office for off-campus events. Civil lawsuits would typically proceed in Brazos County courts, or potentially federal court. Given the Corps of Cadets’ unique status, cases might also involve specific military education departments or university leadership who oversee those programs. Potential defendants include individual cadets or fraternity members, local chapters, national organizations, the university, and potentially individual university administrators or Corps leadership.

5.2.5 What Texas A&M Students & Parents Should Do

Lubbock County families with connections to Texas A&M or Texas Tech University should be particularly vigilant given the strong tradition of Greek life and other student organizations known for intense initiations:

• Understand the “Tradition” vs. Hazing Line: Educate yourself and your student on where A&M’s rich traditions cross into illegal hazing. No tradition justifies endangering mental or physical health.
• Report Concerns Systematically: Use Texas A&M’s official reporting channels for hazing. If warranted by criminal conduct, report directly to TAMU PD or College Station PD.
• Document Everything (especially for Corps): For Corps members or pledges, documenting schedules, call times, physical activities, and any incidents is crucial. The unique hierarchy within the Corps can make reporting challenging, so external documentation is paramount.
• Seek Legal Review: An independent legal review by an attorney experienced in Texas A&M hazing cases can evaluate university responses, identify available evidence, and determine the strongest course for accountability.

University of Texas at Austin (UT)

5.3.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Texas at Austin, a flagship institution, is a vibrant hub of academic, cultural, and Greek life. Its location in the state capital makes it a focal point for legislative and social issues within Texas. UT boasts an extensive Greek system, numerous highly active student organizations, and deeply ingrained traditions. Students from across Texas, including many from Lubbock County, flock to UT Austin, making awareness of hazing risks particularly important for its diverse student body.

5.3.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Texas at Austin maintains a proactive and transparent stance against hazing, adhering strictly to Texas state law. UT’s policies define prohibited hazing acts comprehensively, including forced substance abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, and servitude. Uniquely, UT Austin distinguishes itself with a publicly accessible Hazing Disciplinary Report webpage (hazing.utexas.edu). This public transparency allows anyone to view the name of the organization, the date of the violation, a description of the conduct, the finding of responsibility, and the specific sanctions imposed. This public log serves as a critical resource for families.

5.3.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UT Austin’s public disciplinary reports highlight a recurring concern with hazing across various organizations.

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) (2023): The UT chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha was found responsible for hazing after new members were directed to consume excessive amounts of milk and perform strenuous calisthenics. The chapter faced probation and was mandated to implement new hazing-prevention education. This incident, while not fatal, underscores the persistence of forced consumption and physical hazing.
• Other Student Organizations: UT’s records show that hazing is not confined to Greek life. Organizations like the Texas Wranglers (a spirit organization) and various athletic, academic, and social clubs have faced sanctions for activities such as forced workouts, alcohol-related hazing, degradation, and punishment-based practices.
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) (January 2024): The UT chapter of SAE faced a lawsuit from an Australian exchange student who alleged severe assault during a party, resulting in injuries including a dislocated leg, torn ligaments, a fractured tibia, and a broken nose. Notably, the chapter was already on suspension for prior hazing and safety violations at the time, demonstrating a pattern of alleged misconduct.

The public record at UT provides powerful evidence of a continued pattern of hazing across many student groups, making it a critical resource for identifying organizational liability.

5.3.4 How a UT Hazing Case Might Proceed

Hazing investigations at the University of Texas at Austin can involve UTPD for incidents on or near campus, or the Austin Police Department (APD) and Travis County Sheriff’s Office for off-campus events within Austin and Travis County. Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in state or federal courts in Travis County. Unique to UT, the established public record of prior hazing violations could serve as powerful evidence of knowledge and foreseeability in civil cases against organizations and potentially the university. Potential defendants include individuals, local chapters, national organizations, the university, and off-campus property owners.

5.3.5 What UT Students & Parents Should Do

Lubbock County families with students at UT Austin should utilize the university’s transparency to their advantage:

• Consult UT’s Hazing Disciplinary Report: Regularly check hazing.utexas.edu for any violations by organizations your student is considering joining or is already a part of. This is a vital public safety tool.
• Report Directly: Use UT’s specific reporting channels, including the Dean of Students, the Behavior Concerns Advice Line (BCAL), the Title IX office (if applicable), or UTPD.
• Prioritize Evidence: Given the potential for past incidents to strengthen a case, meticulous documentation of any new hazing, including digital communications and injuries, is crucial.
• Seek Legal Advice Promptly: An attorney experienced in UT-Austin hazing cases can strategically utilize the public disciplinary history and other evidence to build a strong claim, demonstrating patterns of misconduct and institutional knowledge.

Southern Methodist University (SMU)

5.4.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Southern Methodist University, located in Dallas, is a distinguished private institution known for its beautiful campus, strong academic programs, and a vibrant, prominent Greek life. SMU’s social scene is heavily influenced by its fraternities and sororities, which play a central role in student life. Many affluent families from across Texas, including areas like Lubbock County, send their children to SMU, expecting a high-quality educational and social experience. However, like many institutions with active Greek systems, SMU has faced its share of hazing allegations.

5.4.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

SMU maintains clear anti-hazing policies that align with Texas state law, emphasizing that hazing is prohibited both on and off campus. Their policies cover physical abuse, emotional abuse, forced alcohol consumption, and any activity that endangers a student’s mental or physical health for the purpose of initiation or membership. SMU encourages reporting through the Dean of Students’ office, the Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards, and the SMU Police Department (SMU PD). They also often provide anonymous reporting tools, such as the “Real Response” system, to encourage students to come forward without fear of retaliation.

5.4.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

SMU has a history of addressing hazing incidents, often resulting in significant disciplinary action against fraternities and sororities.

• Kappa Alpha Order (2017): This fraternity chapter was suspended after reports surfaced of new members being subjected to paddling, forced alcohol consumption, and significant sleep deprivation. The chapter faced a multi-year suspension with strict restrictions on its return, effectively limiting its recruiting capabilities for several years. This incident highlighted the challenges even private universities face in controlling Greek life activities.
• Other Incidents: SMU has investigated and sanctioned other Greek organizations for various hazing violations, often involving alcohol, physical activities, and violations of membership education policies. While private institutions like SMU may not always publicize every detail of disciplinary actions to the same extent as public universities, their commitment to investigating and sanctioning hazing is clear from their institutional responses.

These instances underscore that SMU, despite its private status and emphasis on student welfare, must continually contend with hazing culture within its Greek system.

5.4.4 How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

For hazing allegations at SMU, the SMU Police Department would typically handle on-campus criminal investigations, while the Dallas Police Department (DPD) or county law enforcement would handle off-campus incidents in the Dallas area. Civil lawsuits would likely be filed in state or federal courts in Dallas County. As a private university, SMU typically faces fewer sovereign immunity defenses than public institutions, potentially making them more directly targetable in civil litigation for negligence or institutional failures. Potential defendants would include individual students, the local chapter, the national organization, and the university itself.

5.4.5 What SMU Students & Parents Should Do

Lubbock County families with students at SMU should be particularly proactive:

• Understand Private University Dynamics: Be aware that while SMU has robust policies, the transparency of investigative outcomes might differ from public universities. Obtaining information often requires diligent requests or legal discovery.
• Utilize Anonymous Reporting: Encourage your student to use SMU’s anonymous reporting mechanisms if they fear direct reprisal.
• Confirm Policy Enforcement: If you have concerns, inquire with SMU’s Dean of Students about the enforcement of specific anti-hazing policies, and what disciplinary actions have been taken against organizations in the past.
• Consult Legal Counsel Early: An attorney experienced in private university hazing cases can navigate the specific challenges of obtaining information and pursuing claims against private institutions like SMU, ensuring all avenues for accountability are explored.

Baylor University

5.5.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Baylor University, located in Waco, is the largest Baptist university in the world, proud of its Christian mission, strong academic programs, and spirited athletic traditions. Its campus culture emphasizes faith, community, and scholarship. Baylor hosts a significant Greek life presence alongside numerous other student organizations. Students from Lubbock County are often drawn to Baylor by its distinctive mission and strong academic reputation. However, the university has also faced intense scrutiny over past handling of student safety and misconduct, particularly concerning sexual assault and athletic issues, which set a challenging backdrop for any hazing concerns.

5.5.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Baylor University strictly prohibits hazing in any form, whether on or off campus, aligning with state law. Their policy clearly defines hazing as any act that endangers a student’s safety or mental/physical health for the purpose of initiation or membership. Baylor’s policies emphasize a “zero tolerance” approach to hazing and encourage reporting through the Department of Student Activities, the Baylor University Police Department (BUPD), and an anonymous hotline established as part of broader efforts to improve campus safety accountability.

5.5.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Baylor has grappled with its share of hazing allegations, often within the context of broader institutional challenges concerning student welfare.

• Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020): An investigation led to the suspension of 14 baseball players for hazing violations. The suspensions were staggered over the early part of the season to ensure team competitiveness, a response that sparked some debate over the severity of the punishment relative to the offense and university priorities. This incident underscored that hazing can occur within athletic teams, and university responses can come under public scrutiny.
• Broader Context: While specific Greek life hazing incidents may not always receive the same public attention as those at other universities, Baylor’s history of managing student misconduct allegations, particularly concerning Title IX and the athletic program, influences how any hazing complaint is viewed. The university is under a microscope, and its responses to all forms of student abuse are critically evaluated.

These incidents, set against Baylor’s unique identity and past challenges, underscore the ongoing need for vigilance and robust action against hazing, especially for families in Lubbock County who trust Baylor with their children’s safety.

5.5.4 How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

For hazing allegations at Baylor University, the Baylor University Police Department (BUPD) would investigate on-campus criminal aspects, while the Waco Police Department or McLennan County Sheriff’s Office would handle off-campus incidents. Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in state or federal courts in McLennan County. Given Baylor’s private university status, it faces fewer immunity defenses than public universities, potentially allowing for broader claims related to general negligence or failure to protect students. The university’s past track record in handling student misconduct may also be a factor in how such cases are evaluated by juries and courts. Potential defendants include individuals involved, local chapters, national organizations, and the university itself.

5.5.5 What Baylor Students & Parents Should Do

Lubbock County families with students at Baylor University should be acutely aware of both the university’s policies and its history:

• Be Vocal About Policies: Familiarize yourself with Baylor’s anti-hazing policies and encourage your student to understand their rights and the available reporting mechanisms.
• Follow Up on Reports: If a report is made, diligently follow up with the Department of Student Activities and the Dean of Students. Document every interaction.
• Consider Context: Recognize that Baylor’s prior high-profile issues mean that any new allegations of student misconduct, including hazing, will likely be met with intense internal and external scrutiny. This can be both a challenge and an opportunity for accountability.
• Engage Legal Review: A comprehensive review from an attorney experienced in hazing and Title IX cases can help families navigate Baylor’s unique institutional landscape and ensure that their student’s rights are protected and that all responsible parties are held accountable.

Fraternities & Sororities: Campus-Specific + National Histories

When hazing impacts a student from Lubbock County attending a Texas university, it’s rarely an isolated incident. More often, it’s a symptom of deeper cultural issues within a local chapter, and sometimes, a pattern across the national organization. Understanding the interconnectedness between local chapters at UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, and Baylor and their national headquarters’ hazing histories is critical for building a strong legal case.

Why National Histories Matter in Texas Hazing Cases

Many fraternities and sororities active at Texas Tech University, the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, and Baylor are part of vast national or international organizations. These national entities typically charter local chapters, collect dues, provide training, and set anti-hazing policies. However, their anti-hazing manuals and risk management policies often exist precisely because their organization has a history of severe hazing incidents, including fatalities and catastrophic injuries, at other campuses nationwide.

When a local Texas chapter repeats the same dangerous “traditions” that led to a death or serious injury at another university in a different state, it can be powerful legal evidence. This pattern demonstrates foreseeability—meaning the national organization knew or should have known about the substantial risk of harm associated with such activities but failed to act decisively. This shared history can significantly strengthen arguments for negligence, gross negligence, or even punitive damages against national entities. It shows a systemic failure to adequately train, supervise, or discipline chapters known to engage in dangerous practices.

Organization Mapping: National Hazing Patterns and Texas Chapters

While it’s not feasible to list every chapter or every hazing incident, understanding the national patterns of specific organizations can be highly informative. Here are examples of some prominent Greek organizations present at Texas universities that have national histories of hazing:

1. Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ / Pike):
– Identity: A large, prominent national fraternity.
– National Hazing History: Pike has an alarming record of hazing incidents, particularly involving forced alcohol consumption. The tragic death of Stone Foltz at Bowling Green State University (2021) after being forced to drink excessive alcohol during a “Big/Little” event led to a $10 million settlement and multiple criminal convictions. The death of David Bogenberger at Northern Illinois University (2012) also resulted from alcohol poisoning during a Pike event and led to a $14 million settlement. These cases highlight a dangerous pattern within the organization regarding initiation rituals and alcohol.
– Texas Presence: Active chapters at the University of Houston and the University of Texas at Austin, both of which have faced hazing allegations.

2. Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ / SAE):
– Identity: Another major national fraternity, known to be one of the largest in the U.S.
– National Hazing History: SAE has faced multiple hazing-related deaths and severe injuries nationwide over the years, often linked to extreme alcohol consumption. In response to these patterns, SAE famously (and controversially) eliminated pledging in 2014, although hazing incidents have continued. Lawsuits include a traumatic brain injury claim at the University of Alabama (2023) and allegations of chemical burns requiring skin grafts at Texas A&M (2021), along with a severe assault lawsuit at the University of Texas at Austin (2024).
– Texas Presence: Chapters at the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, and the University of Texas at Austin, among others.

3. Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ):
– Identity: A well-established national fraternity.
– National Hazing History: This organization is tied to the death of Maxwell “Max” Gruver at Louisiana State University (2017), who died from acute alcohol poisoning after a “Bible study” hazing ritual. This case led to criminal charges and the creation of the Max Gruver Act in Louisiana, a felony hazing statute.
– Texas Presence: Chapters at the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, Southern Methodist University, and Baylor University.

4. Pi Kappa Phi (ΠΚΦ):
– Identity: A national fraternity with a focus on leadership and service.
– National Hazing History: Pi Kappa Phi is tragically associated with the death of Andrew Coffey at Florida State University (2017), who died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” event where pledges were given large amounts of liquor. His death led to criminal prosecutions and a temporary suspension of all Greek life at FSU.
– Texas Presence: Chapters at the University of Houston and Texas A&M University.

5. Beta Theta Pi (ΒΘΠ):
– Identity: A prominent national fraternity.
– National Hazing History: Beta Theta Pi was at the center of the tragic death of Timothy Piazza at Penn State (2017) after a physically abusive and alcohol-fueled bid acceptance event. The incident led to criminal charges against dozens of members and a landmark civil lawsuit.
– Texas Presence: Chapters at the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, Southern Methodist University, and Baylor University.

6. Kappa Alpha Order (ΚΑ):
– Identity: A national fraternity with a southern heritage.
– National Hazing History: Kappa Alpha Order has several documented hazing incidents across the country, often involving alcohol and physical abuse. Notably, its chapter at Southern Methodist University faced suspension in 2017 due to allegations involving paddling, forced drinking, and sleep deprivation.
– Texas Presence: Chapters at Texas A&M University and Southern Methodist University.

7. Sigma Chi (ΣΧ):
– Identity: One of the largest national fraternities.
– National Hazing History: Sigma Chi has faced numerous hazing allegations and lawsuits. A high-profile case involving the College of Charleston (2024) resulted in the victim’s family receiving more than $10 million in damages for physical beatings, forced consumption of drugs/alcohol, and psychological torment. Other incidents include alcohol poisoning hospitalizations at the University of Texas at Arlington (2020) and other campuses.
– Texas Presence: Chapters at the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, and Baylor University.

8. Kappa Sigma (ΚΣ):
– Identity: A widely established national fraternity.
– National Hazing History: Kappa Sigma was found liable in the $12.6 million jury verdict awarded to the family of Chad Meredith, who drowned after being encouraged by fraternity members to swim across a lake while intoxicated (University of Miami, 2001). More recently, the Texas A&M University chapter faced ongoing litigation in 2023 for alleged hazing resulting in rhabdomyolysis, a severe muscle breakdown.
– Texas Presence: Chapters at the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, and Baylor University.

Leveraging National Histories in Legal Strategy

For Lubbock County families, connecting a local incident to these national patterns is a crucial part of a comprehensive legal strategy.

• Proof of Foreseeability: When a national organization has a history of similar hazing incidents across its chapters, it can be argued they had prior knowledge of the risks and therefore should have foreseen that similar events could occur again.
• Overcoming “Rogue Chapter” Defenses: National organizations often claim that local chapters acted independently and in violation of national policy. However, a pattern of ignored warnings, minimal penalties for prior hazing, or a failure to meaningfully enforce anti-hazing policies can expose the national body to liability.
• Settlement Leverage and Punitive Damages: Evidence of a national organization’s indifference to a known pattern of dangerous hazing can increase settlement leverage and, in certain jurisdictions and under specific claims, may allow for the recovery of punitive damages—money awarded not just to compensate victims, but to punish the defendant for egregious conduct and deter future harm.
• Insurance Coverage: Understanding national patterns helps attorneys navigate complex insurance coverage disputes, arguing that even “intentional acts” might be covered if the national organization’s negligent supervision allowed the pattern to persist.

The Manginello Law Firm’s deep understanding of these national hazing histories and their legal implications enables us to build robust cases for Texas families, challenging powerful national organizations and their university partners effectively.

Building a Case: Evidence, Damages, Strategy in Lubbock County Hazing Cases

When a student from Lubbock County or anywhere in Texas is harmed by hazing, building a strong legal case is paramount for achieving justice and accountability. This process requires meticulous evidence collection, a thorough understanding of the types of damages recoverable, and a strategic approach to litigation. The Manginello Law Firm brings extensive experience in these complex cases.

Evidence: The Foundation of Your Claim

The strength of a hazing case hinges on compelling evidence. Modern hazing, often occurring in digital spaces and off-campus locations, requires specialized investigative techniques.

• Digital Communications: These are often the most critical pieces of evidence.
  • Group Messaging Apps: Platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, and even fraternity-specific apps are where hazing is planned, coordinated, and often documented (purposefully or accidentally). Screenshots of entire conversations, with usernames and timestamps visible, are invaluable.
  • Social Media: Instagram stories, posts, DMs, Snapchat messages, and TikTok videos can reveal hazing acts, participants, and the context of events. Even ephemeral content can sometimes be recovered or serves as a critical lead.
  • Deleted Messages: While participants often delete incriminating messages, digital forensics experts can sometimes recover deleted content from phones, cloud backups, or servers.
• Photos & Videos:
  • Direct Evidence: Content filmed by members during hazing events, or footage shared within private group chats, is powerful.
  • Injuries: Detailed photographs of injuries, taken at multiple angles, with a scale (like a coin) for reference, and over several days to show progression, are essential.
  • Locations: Photos or videos of the house, specific rooms, or off-campus venues where hazing occurred, particularly if they show signs like empty alcohol bottles, props, or unsanitary conditions.
• Internal Organization Documents:
  • Pledge Manuals/Scripts: These can reveal official or unofficial “traditions” that constitute hazing.
  • Communications: Emails, texts, or memos among officers and members discussing hazing plans or cover-up strategies.
  • National Policies: The national fraternity/sorority’s anti-hazing policies and training materials can be used to show what they knew or should have known about hazing risks.
• University Records:
  • Prior Discipline: Critical records often obtainable through discovery or public records requests (especially for public universities like Texas Tech, UH, A&M, UT) show past hazing violations, probation, or suspensions for the specific organization. This establishes a pattern of misconduct and the university’s knowledge.
  • Incident Reports: Campus police reports, student conduct findings, or Title IX investigations related to the organization or individuals.
  • Clery Reports: Annual campus crime reports can show broader patterns of alcohol/drug violations or assaults that might be hazing-related.
• Medical and Psychological Records:
  • ER and Hospitalization Records: Document the nature and severity of physical injuries, toxicology reports (for alcohol/drugs), and initial diagnoses.
  • Therapy Notes: Records from psychologists, psychiatrists, or counselors can document the profound emotional and psychological trauma (PTSD, depression, anxiety, suicidality) caused by hazing.
• Witness Testimony:
  • Eyewitnesses: Other pledges, current members (who may later cooperate), roommates, RAs, coaches, or bystanders who observed the hazing.
  • Former Members: Individuals who previously left the organization due to hazing concerns are often powerful, credible witnesses willing to speak out.

Damages: What Lubbock County Families Can Recover

When a student from Lubbock County or elsewhere in Texas suffers harm from hazing, a civil lawsuit aims to recover damages—monetary compensation for their losses. These can be substantial, especially in cases of severe injury or wrongful death.

• Medical Bills & Future Care: This covers all costs related to physical and psychological recovery.
  • Past: Emergency room visits, ambulance transport, hospitalization, surgeries, medications, therapy.
  • Future: Ongoing physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychological counseling, prescription medications, and even life care plans for victims with catastrophic injuries (e.g., severe brain damage requiring lifelong care).
• Lost Income / Educational Impact:
  • Lost Wages: If the student missed work or was unable to pursue part-time employment.
  • Lost Educational Opportunities: Tuition for missed semesters, lost scholarships, and compensation for delayed graduation, which can impact future career prospects.
  • Diminished Earning Capacity: For permanent injuries (physical or psychological) that impair the student’s ability to work in their chosen field or earn a living wage, economists can project lifelong financial losses.
• Non-Economic Damages: These compensate for subjective but very real suffering.
  • Physical Pain & Suffering: Covering the actual physical pain from injuries, and any chronic or ongoing pain.
  • Emotional Distress & Psychological Harm: Including PTSD, severe anxiety, depression, humiliation, shame, loss of dignity, and the profound mental anguish caused by the traumatic experience.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: Compensation for the inability to participate in activities, hobbies, or social life the student once enjoyed, and the overall diminished quality of life.
• Wrongful Death Damages: In the most tragic cases, when hazing results in death, surviving family members (parents, spouses, children) can claim:
  • Funeral and Burial Costs.
  • Loss of Financial Support: If the deceased would have contributed financially to the family.
  • Loss of Companionship, Love, and Society: For the profound grief and emotional loss experienced by family members.
  • Grief and Emotional Suffering of the surviving family members.
  • Loss of Guidance and Counsel (e.g., for younger siblings who looked up to the deceased).
• Punitive Damages: In cases of particularly egregious, reckless, or malicious conduct, Texas courts may award punitive damages. These are not meant to compensate the victim but to punish the defendants for their extreme wrongdoing and to deter similar conduct in the future. These are typically sought when there’s evidence of a defendant ignoring repeated warnings or showing deliberate indifference to known dangers.

Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

Part of the legal strategy involves identifying all potential defendants and understanding how their insurance coverage might apply.

• Institutional Defendants: National fraternities, national sororities, and universities often carry substantial insurance policies designed to cover legal liabilities.
• Insurance Disputes: However, insurers frequently try to deny coverage, arguing that hazing is an “intentional act” or “criminal conduct” that falls under exclusion clauses in their policies.
• Skilled Legal Navigation: Experienced hazing attorneys from The Manginello Law Firm know how to:
  • Identify all relevant insurance policies for local chapters, national organizations, universities, and even individual members (e.g., homeowner’s policies).
  • Argue that even if the hazing itself was intentional, the negligent supervision or negligent failure to prevent by the organization or university is a covered event.
  • Force insurance companies to defend and settle claims.

For Lubbock County families, pursuing a hazing case is not just about financial compensation; it’s about holding powerful institutions accountable and ensuring that no other student has to endure the same fate.

Practical Guides & FAQs for Lubbock County Families

Navigating the aftermath of a hazing incident can be overwhelming for families in Lubbock County. Knowing what steps to take, what questions to ask, and what pitfalls to avoid is crucial. The Manginello Law Firm offers this practical guidance to empower parents, students, and witnesses.

For Parents in Lubbock County: Recognizing & Responding to Hazing

Your intuition as a parent is often your strongest tool. Trust it.

• Warning Signs of Hazing:
  • Unexplained Injuries: Bruises, burns, cuts, or “accidents” with inconsistent stories. Look for physical exhaustion, extreme fatigue, or sleep deprivation.
  • Emotional Changes: Sudden secrecy, withdrawal from family or old friends, unusual anxiety, depression, irritability, or anger. Your child might become defensive when asked about their organization.
  • Academic Decline: Grades dropping, missed classes, or falling asleep during lectures due to mandatory late-night activities.
  • Financial Strain: Unexpected requests for money, unexplained large expenses, or excessive spending on alcohol or items for older members.
  • Digital Obsession: Constant checking of phone for group chats, anxiety about missing a message, or suddenly deleting social media or messages.
• How to Talk to Your Child: Approach them with empathy, not judgment. Ask open-ended questions like, “How are things really going with [organization]?” or “Is there anything that makes you uncomfortable?” Emphasize their safety and well-being over loyalty to a group. Let them know you will support them without question.
• If Your Child is Hurt: Prioritize their health. Get immediate medical attention, even if they insist they’re “fine.” Document everything: take photos of injuries, screenshot any texts or social media they show you, and write down every detail they share.
• Dealing with the University: Document all communications. Ask for copies of the university’s hazing policies and any history of violations by the organization. Be aware that the university’s internal process may not align with your child’s best interests for external accountability.
• When to Talk to a Lawyer: If your child has suffered significant physical or psychological harm, or if you feel the university or organization is minimizing the incident, contact a lawyer experienced in Texas hazing cases like The Manginello Law Firm.

For Students/Pledges: Self-Assessment & Safety Planning

You have rights, and your safety is paramount.

• Is This Hazing or Just Tradition? Ask yourself: Am I being forced to do something I don’t want to? Would I do this if I had a choice and no fear of being “cut”? Is this activity dangerous, illegal, or humiliating? Is it being hidden from parents or university officials? If you answer yes to any of these, it is likely hazing.
• Why “Consent” Isn’t the End of the Story: The law, especially in Texas, recognizes that “consent” given under immense peer pressure, fear of exclusion, or intoxication is often not true consent. You are the victim in these situations, regardless of what they told you.
• Exiting and Reporting Safely: You have the right to leave at any time. Inform a trusted adult (parent, RA, counselor) first. If you fear retaliation, report that fear to the university’s Dean of Students or campus police. You can report hazing anonymously through campus hotlines or the National Anti-Hazing Hotline (1-888-NOT-HAZE).
• Good-Faith Reporting and Amnesty: Texas law and many university policies provide protection for students who call for help in an emergency, even if underage drinking was involved. Your primary concern should be your safety and the safety of others.

For Former Members/Witnesses: Finding a Path to Accountability

If you participated in hazing or witnessed it and now feel conflicted or guilty, know that coming forward can prevent future tragedies.

• Your Role in Prevention: Your testimony and evidence could be the key to holding perpetrators accountable and saving lives.
• Navigating Legal Exposure: You may also benefit from your own legal counsel. An experienced attorney can advise you on your rights, potential legal exposure, and how best to cooperate with an investigation without jeopardizing your future. Cooperating with authorities or civil attorneys can sometimes mitigate individual legal consequences and is a crucial step toward accountability and healing.

Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Hazing Case

For a family in Lubbock County, navigating a hazing incident requires careful action. Avoid these common mistakes that can severely damage your legal standing:

1. Letting Your Child Delete Messages or “Clean Up” Evidence:

   • Why it’s wrong: Deleting evidence can look like obstruction of justice and makes proving a case incredibly difficult.
   • What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately—screenshots of group chats, texts, social media posts—even if it seems embarrassing. Our video, “Use Your Cellphone to Document a Legal Case,” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) explains best practices.

2. Confronting the Fraternity/Sorority Directly:

   • Why it’s wrong: This alerts them to your suspicions, giving them time to destroy evidence, coach witnesses, and prepare defenses.
   • What to do instead: Document everything in private, then contact a lawyer before any direct confrontation.

3. Signing University “Release” or “Resolution” Forms:

   • Why it’s wrong: Universities often pressure families to sign waivers or internal “resolutions.” These forms may inadvertently waive your right to pursue a lawsuit or may offer settlements far below the true value of your case.
   • What to do instead: Do NOT sign anything from the university or any organization without an attorney reviewing it first.

4. Posting Details on Social Media Before Talking to a Lawyer:

   • Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys will scrutinize every word. Inconsistencies or emotionally charged statements can be used to discredit your child or family.
   • What to do instead: Document privately. Your lawyer can help you strategically manage any public messaging.

5. Letting Your Child Go Back to “One Last Meeting”:

   • Why it’s wrong: Organizers often lure former members back to pressure, intimidate, or extract statements that can harm a legal case.
   • What to do instead: If you are considering legal action, all communication from the organization should be directed through your attorney.

6. Waiting “to See How the University Handles It”:

   • Why it’s wrong: Evidence rapidly disappears, key witnesses graduate or move away, and the statute of limitations continues to tick. University internal processes rarely result in the same level of accountability or compensation as a civil lawsuit.
   • What to do instead: Preserve evidence NOW and consult a lawyer immediately.

7. Talking to Insurance Adjusters Without a Lawyer:

   • Why it’s wrong: Adjusters work for the insurance company, not you. Recorded statements are often used to minimize claims, and early settlement offers are typically lowball.
   • What to do instead: Politely decline to speak with them and refer them to your attorney. Attorney911’s video, “Client Mistakes That Can Ruin Your Injury Case,” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY) provides more essential warnings.

Short FAQ for Lubbock County Families

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
  Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities (like Texas Tech, UH, Texas A&M, UT) benefit from sovereign immunity, but exceptions apply for gross negligence, willful misconduct, and Title IX violations. Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) have fewer immunity protections. Every case is fact-specific, so contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a case-specific analysis.

• “Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
  It can be. While hazing is typically a Class B misdemeanor, it becomes a state jail felony under Texas Education Code § 37.152 if it causes serious bodily injury or death. This means individuals found responsible can face significant penalties, including imprisonment.

• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
  Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts recognize that “agreement” under peer pressure, power imbalance, and fear of exclusion is not true voluntary consent.

• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
  Generally, there is a 2-year statute of limitations from the date of injury or death in Texas. However, the “discovery rule” may extend this if the harm or its cause wasn’t immediately known. In cases involving cover-ups or fraud, the statute may be tolled (paused). Time is critical—evidence disappears, witnesses forget, and organizations destroy records. Our video, “Is There a Statute of Limitations on My Case?” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c) offers further insight. Call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately to protect your rights.

• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house in Lubbock?”
  The location doesn’t eliminate liability. Universities and national fraternities can still be liable based on sponsorship, control, knowledge of activities, and active encouragement or allowance of hazing, even if it happens at an off-campus property in Lubbock or elsewhere. Many significant hazing cases have occurred in off-campus settings.

• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  Most hazing cases settle confidentially before trial. While any lawsuit is a public record, our firm prioritizes your family’s privacy and aims for resolution that protects your child’s identity while still achieving accountability. We can discuss strategies for maintaining confidentiality.

For all these complex questions, an experienced attorney can review your specific facts, explain your rights under Texas law, and help you understand your best options.

About The Manginello Law Firm / Attorney911 + Call to Action for Lubbock County Families

When your family faces a hazing case in Texas, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how powerful institutions fight back—and how to win anyway. This is precisely the expertise that The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, operating as Attorney911, brings to families in Lubbock County and across the state.

We are a Houston-based Texas personal injury firm with deep experience in serious injury, wrongful death, and institutional accountability cases, serving clients throughout Texas, including the Texas South Plains and the Panhandle. We understand that hazing at Texas universities affects families in Lubbock County and schools like Texas Tech University just as it does in other parts of our state. Our unique qualifications make us formidable advocates in these challenging cases:

• Insurance Insider Advantage: Our associate attorney, Lupe Peña, brings invaluable perspective. As a former insurance defense attorney at a national firm, she knows exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies value (and often undervalue) hazing claims. She understands their delay tactics, coverage exclusion arguments, and settlement strategies because she used to be on the other side. This insider knowledge (see Lupe Peña’s profile at https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/) is a significant advantage for our clients.

• Complex Litigation Against Massive Institutions: Our managing partner, Ralph Manginello, has a proven track record of taking on formidable opponents. He was one of the few Texas attorneys involved in the BP Texas City explosion litigation, a case against one of the largest corporations in the world. His extensive federal court experience, particularly in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas (detailed on his profile at https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/), means we are not intimidated by national fraternities, universities, or their well-funded defense teams. We’ve taken on billion-dollar corporations and won; we know how to fight powerful defendants effectively.

• Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death and Catastrophic Injury Experience: We have a proven track record in complex wrongful death cases, having recovered millions for families impacted by catastrophic injuries and tragic deaths. We work with economists to accurately value loss of life and understand the extensive needs for lifetime care in cases involving severe brain injuries or permanent disabilities. Our commitment is to achieving true accountability, not just quick settlements.

• Criminal and Civil Hazing Expertise: Ralph’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA), an elite criminal defense organization, gives our firm unique insight into how criminal hazing charges interact with civil litigation. This dual understanding allows us to advise witnesses and former members who may face both criminal exposure and civil liability. Our criminal defense experience (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/criminal-defense-lawyers/) means we can navigate multi-faceted cases.

• Investigative Depth: Modern hazing requires cutting-edge investigation. We leverage a network of experts—medical, digital forensics, economists, and psychologists—to build comprehensive cases. We are skilled at obtaining hidden evidence, including deleted group chats, social media records, subpoenaing national fraternity records showing prior incidents, and uncovering university files through discovery and public records requests. We investigate like your child’s life depends on it—because it does.

We understand how fraternities, sororities, Corps programs, and athletic departments operate behind closed doors. We know what makes hazing cases different: the powerful institutional defendants, the complex insurance coverage fights, and the delicate balance between victim privacy and public accountability. Most importantly, we understand Greek culture, tradition, and how to prove the nuances of coercion that render “consent” meaningless.

We know this is one of the hardest things a family can face. Our job is to get you answers, hold the right people accountable, and help prevent this from happening to another family. We don’t settle for quick resolutions; our focus is on thorough investigation and real accountability.

Call to Action for Lubbock County Families

If you or your child has experienced hazing at any Texas campus—whether it’s Texas Tech University right here in Lubbock, or the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, Baylor, or anywhere else—we want to hear from you. Families in Lubbock County, Wolfforth, Shallowater, and throughout the Texas South Plains have the right to answers and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We’ll listen to what happened without judgment, explain your legal options under Texas law, and help you decide on the best path forward.

What you can expect in your free consultation:

• We will listen to your story empathetically and without judgment.
• We’ll review any evidence you have—photos, texts, medical records, or notes.
• We’ll explain your legal options: whether to pursue a criminal report, a civil lawsuit, both, or neither.
• We’ll discuss realistic timelines and what to expect during the legal process.
• We’ll answer your questions about fee structures; we work on a contingency fee basis, meaning we don’t get paid unless we win your case. Learn more about how contingency fees work in our video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc.
• There is no pressure to hire us on the spot; we want you to make an informed decision.

Whether you’re in Lubbock County or anywhere across Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. Our commitment to clear communication is unwavering, as detailed in our video, “Will You Keep Me Updated on My Case?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JrQowOLv1k.

We are the Legal Emergency Lawyers™. Call us today.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070
Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com

Hablamos Español: Contact Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com for a consultation in Spanish. Servicios legales en español disponibles.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com