Navigating the Shadows: A U.S. Outlying Islands Guide to Hazing in Texas Universities

The sun beats down on the pristine beaches of Wake Island, or perhaps the quiet solitude of Midway Atoll settles around a parent checking their phone. Far across the vast Pacific, on a bustling campus in Texas, a student from our U.S. Outlying Islands community is at a so-called “initiation” event—perhaps a fraternity “Big/Little” night off-campus, an athletic team “bonding” ritual, or a Corps of Cadets exercise. What starts as an evening of anticipation turns into something else entirely. The student is pressured to drink far beyond safe limits, or endure physical challenges that push them past their breaking point, or perform degrading acts under the watchful eyes of older members. Others are filming on their phones, chanting, laughing, caught up in the twisted energy of the moment. Someone gets hurt—falls, vomits uncontrollably, or collapses, but nobody wants to call 911. They’re all too afraid of “getting the chapter shut down,” “getting in trouble,” or facing the wrath of their leaders. Our student feels trapped, torn between loyalty to the group and their own safety, a long way from home and familiar shores.

This could happen at any Texas university—including the very schools where U.S. Outlying Islands families send their children to pursue their dreams. The distance makes intervention harder, and the unique cultural context of mainland American universities can be overwhelming. We understand the challenges you face in U.S. Outlying Islands concerning your child’s safety and well-being.

This guide is for you. We aim to provide a comprehensive, empathetic resource on hazing and the law in Texas. It’s written specifically for families in U.S. Outlying Islands and across Texas who need to understand the modern reality of hazing, the legal landscape surrounding it, and what steps they can take if their child is affected.

We will explore:

• What hazing truly looks like in 2025, far beyond outdated stereotypes.
• The critical legal frameworks, both Texas and federal, that address hazing.
• The lessons learned from major national hazing cases and their relevance to Texas families.
• Detailed insights into the hazing challenges at prominent Texas institutions: the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, the University of Texas at Austin, Southern Methodist University, and Baylor University.
• How the complex national histories of fraternities and sororities, combined with local chapter behaviors, create significant legal risks and liabilities.
• The strategic approach to building a hazing case, including evidence collection, damage assessment, and litigation strategies.
• Practical, actionable advice for parents, students, and witnesses, including crucial mistakes to avoid.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies.
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911). We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™.

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine.”
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately.
    • Photograph injuries from multiple angles.
    • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects).
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where).
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity/sorority.
    • Sign anything from the university or insurance company.
    • Post details on public social media.
    • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence.

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses).
  • Universities move quickly to control the narrative.
  • We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights.
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation.

HAZING IN 2025: WHAT IT REALLY LOOKS LIKE

For U.S. Outlying Islands families unfamiliar with modern Greek life or university traditions, it’s crucial to understand that hazing has evolved far beyond the pranks seen in old movies. It’s a systemic issue, often cloaked in secrecy and tradition, with devastating consequences.

Clear, Modern Definition of Hazing

At its core, hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to initiation, gaining membership, or maintaining status within a group. This behavior, whether on or off campus, endangers the physical or mental health of a student, or subjects them to humiliation or exploitation. It’s important to challenge the common misconception that if someone “agreed to it,” it can’t be hazing. When there’s peer pressure, a power imbalance between new and older members, or a fear of exclusion, “agreement” is often coerced and legally invalid.

Main Categories of Hazing

Hazing manifests in various disturbing ways. We classify these into three escalating tiers of severity:

Tier 1: Subtle Hazing

Often dismissed as “harmless fun” or “tradition,” subtle hazing establishes a power imbalance and creates an environment where more severe hazing can flourish.

• Deception and Secrecy: Pledges are often told to lie to parents, faculty, or university officials about their activities. This creates a culture of silence and mistrust.
• Servitude and Degradation: Requiring new members to perform menial tasks like cleaning rooms, doing laundry, or acting as designated drivers at all hours for older members.
• Social Control: Restricting contact with outside friends or family, demanding constant availability, or controlling social media presence.
• Humiliating Tasks: “Scavenger hunts” or “tasks” designed to embarrass, like stealing items or performing stunts in public, often at the risk of legal trouble.
• Modern Digital Coercion: Persistent group chat monitoring, demanding instant responses, geo-tracking via phone apps, or policing online content.

Tier 2: Harassment Hazing

This category inflicts emotional or physical discomfort, creating a hostile and abusive environment, though it may not cause lasting physical injury.

• Verbal Abuse: Constant yelling, screaming, insults, and degrading language meant to break spirits.
• Sleep and Food Deprivation: Mandatory late-night “study” sessions, meetings, or tasks that lead to extreme exhaustion. Limiting meals or forcing the consumption of unpleasant substances.
• Extreme Physical Activity: Forced calisthenics, running until exhaustion, military-style “workouts” that serve no purpose other than punishment.
• Public Humiliation: Forcing pledges into embarrassing public performances or “roasting” sessions where individuals are verbally torn down.
• Digital Humiliation: Forcing the creation or posting of embarrassing content online, often shared in private groups for the amusement of older members.

Tier 3: Violent Hazing

This is the most dangerous tier, carrying a high potential for physical injury, sexual assault, or death.

• Forced Alcohol Consumption: “Lineup” drinking games, “Big/Little” reveal nights with handles of hard liquor, or games where wrong answers mean excessive drinking are common. This is the leading cause of hazing deaths.
• Forced Drug Use: Pressuring pledges to consume illegal or harmful substances.
• Physical Beatings: Paddling, punches, kicks, slaps, or “branding” rituals. This can lead to severe injuries like internal bleeding, concussions, or broken bones.
• Dangerous Physical “Tests”: Blindfolded “glass ceiling” rituals involving tackling, forced fighting (“gladiator” matches), or dangerous stunts like jumping from heights while intoxicated.
• Sexualized Hazing: Forced nudity, simulated sexual acts, or sexual assault. This is a severe crime and a profound violation.
• Extreme Exposure: Forcing pledges into freezing or excessively hot environments, or denying access to basic needs like bathrooms for extended periods.
• Technological Escalation: Moving hazing to secluded off-campus locations accessed via apps like Airbnb, using encrypted messaging, or destroying digital evidence.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

It’s a common misconception that hazing is limited to fraternities. In reality, while Greek life is often associated with hazing, this dangerous behavior permeates many types of student organizations across campuses. Families in U.S. Outlying Islands should be aware that hazing can occur in:

• Fraternities and Sororities: This includes social fraternities and sororities (IFC, Panhellenic), but also historically Black Greek letter organizations (NPHC), multicultural Greek organizations, and professional Greek societies.
• Corps of Cadets and ROTC: Military-style groups often have traditions that cross the line into hazing, emphasizing discipline and obedience that can be abused.
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to swimming, soccer, and cheerleading, collegiate sports programs can harbor hazing rituals, often disguised as “team building” or “strengthening bonds.”
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly harmless performing arts groups can engage in hazing, using the guise of camaraderie to justify abusive practices.
• Spirit Squads and Tradition Clubs: Organizations dedicated to school spirit or preserving traditions can sometimes develop hazing rituals that place new members in harmful situations.
• Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: Any group with an “initiation” or “new member education” process can be susceptible to hazing.

The common threads that keep hazing alive across these diverse groups are often the pursuit of social status, the desire to preserve “sacred” traditions, and a pervasive culture of secrecy. These factors create an environment where dangerous behaviors can flourish, even when participants “know” hazing is officially prohibited.

LAW & LIABILITY FRAMEWORK (TEXAS + FEDERAL)

Navigating the legal aftermath of a hazing incident can feel overwhelming, especially for families looking on from U.S. Outlying Islands. Understanding your rights and the legal landscape in Texas is the crucial first step toward justice.

Texas Hazing Law Basics

Texas has robust anti-hazing laws, primarily outlined in the Texas Education Code. These laws aim to define, prohibit, and penalize hazing, ensuring that colleges and universities maintain a safe environment for students.

Under Texas law, hazing is broadly defined as any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, committed by a person alone or with others, directed against a student, that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student; AND
• Occurs for the purpose of initiation, affiliation with, or continuing membership in any organization whose members are primarily students.

This definition is crucial because it highlights several key points:

• On or Off Campus: The law applies regardless of where the hazing takes place. Off-campus housing, private residences, or remote locations are not exempt.
• Mental or Physical Harm: Hazing isn’t just about physical injury. Emotional distress, severe humiliation, degradation, and psychological manipulation also constitute hazing.
• Intent vs. Recklessness: Perpetrators don’t need to maliciously intend to cause harm. If their actions were reckless—meaning they knew or should have known a risk existed and disregarded it—they can still be held accountable.
• “Consent Is Not a Defense”: A critical aspect of Texas law is that a student’s “agreement” to participate in hazing does not make it legal. The law recognizes the inherent power imbalance and peer pressure involved, rendering “consent” meaningless in these contexts.

Criminal Penalties for Hazing in Texas

Hazing incidents can lead to criminal charges, with penalties varying based on the severity of the harm:

• Class B Misdemeanor: The default charge for hazing, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and/or a fine of up to $2,000.
• Class A Misdemeanor: If the hazing causes bodily injury to another person, penalties increase to up to one year in jail and/or a fine of up to $4,000.
• State Jail Felony: If the hazing causes serious bodily injury (e.g., severe organ damage, permanent disfigurement) or death, offenders can face a state jail felony, with potential imprisonment of 180 days to two years and a fine of up to $10,000.

Additionally, individuals, including organization officers or designated advisors, can face criminal charges for failing to report a hazing incident if they have knowledge of it. Retaliating against someone who reports hazing is also a misdemeanor offense.

Reporter Protections: Immunity for Good-Faith Reporting

Texas law also includes provisions to encourage reporting of hazing. A person who, in good faith, reports a hazing incident to university authorities or law enforcement is generally immune from civil or criminal liability for making that report. Furthermore, in medical emergencies related to alcohol or drugs, Texas law (and many university policies) offers amnesty to students who call 911 for help, even if they were consuming alcohol underage or were involved in the hazing themselves. These protections are vital for encouraging timely intervention and saving lives, though the fear of social or academic repercussions often remains for students.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases: Understanding the Pathways to Justice

When hazing occurs, families often wonder about the legal consequences. It’s important to distinguish between criminal and civil legal actions, as they serve different purposes and pursue different outcomes.

• Criminal Cases: These are initiated and pursued by the state (through a prosecutor’s office) against individuals or organizations accused of violating a criminal statute. The primary goal of a criminal case is to punish the offender for breaking the law, potentially through jail time, fines, or probation. In hazing contexts, criminal charges can range from misdemeanor hazing offenses to felony assault, furnishing alcohol to minors, or even negligent homicide or manslaughter in cases of serious injury or death.

• Civil Cases: These are brought by the victims of hazing (or their surviving family members in wrongful death cases) against individuals, organizations, and institutions for the harm they suffered. The primary goal of a civil case is to provide monetary compensation (damages) to the victim for their losses, as well as to hold the responsible parties accountable and prevent future harm. Civil claims related to hazing often involve allegations of negligence, gross negligence, premises liability, wrongful death, or intentional infliction of emotional distress.

It’s crucial to understand that civil and criminal cases can proceed independently. A criminal conviction is not required to pursue a civil lawsuit, and vice versa. An experienced hazing attorney can navigate both avenues simultaneously, if appropriate, to achieve the fullest measure of justice for a victim.

Federal Overlay: Recognizing Broader Protections

Beyond Texas law, federal statutes also play an increasingly significant role in regulating hazing and ensuring campus safety:

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This landmark federal law is designed to enhance transparency and accountability around hazing on college campuses. It requires institutions that receive federal funding to:

  • Publicly report all findings of hazing violations.
  • Maintain and publicly disclose a comprehensive record of hazing incidents and disciplinary actions.
  • Provide clearer hazing prevention education to students and staff.
    This act aims to create a national, accessible database of hazing violations, empowering prospective students and their families to make informed decisions. These requirements are being phased in by late 2025 and 2026.

• Title IX: This federal law prohibits sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. When hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, gender-based violence, or discrimination, it triggers Title IX obligations for universities. This can compel universities to investigate, provide support to victims, and take disciplinary action against perpetrators, regardless of whether a separate criminal or state hazing charge is pursued.

• Clery Act: The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act requires colleges and universities to disclose information about crime on and around their campuses. While not directly aimed at hazing, incidents involving assault, sexual assault, or alcohol/drug offenses that occur as part of hazing rituals may fall under Clery reporting requirements. This often means universities must investigate and disclose statistics related to such incidents, contributing to overall campus safety transparency.

These federal laws create additional layers of accountability for institutions and provide victims with more avenues to seek justice and protection.

NATIONAL HAZING CASE PATTERNS (ANCHOR STORIES)

While specific local context is vital for U.S. Outlying Islands families, understanding major national hazing cases is equally crucial. These landmark incidents have shaped anti-hazing legislation, influenced university policies, and demonstrated the severe consequences for individuals, chapters, and national organizations. They reveal patterns of behavior that victims’ families in Texas can leverage to prove foreseeability and negligence in their own cases.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death: A Fatal Pattern

The most tragic and common outcome of hazing involves forced alcohol consumption, leading to severe intoxication and death. These cases highlight the reckless disregard for human life that often characterizes hazing rituals.

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State University, Beta Theta Pi (2017): In one of the most publicized hazing deaths, 19-year-old Timothy Piazza died after a “bid acceptance” event where he was forced to consume dangerous amounts of alcohol. Security cameras documented Piazza falling repeatedly and suffering severe head injuries, yet fraternity members delayed calling 911 for nearly 12 hours. This tragic incident led to over a dozen criminal charges against fraternity members and significant civil litigation, culminating in Pennsylvania enacting the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law. The case underscored how extreme intoxication, a callous delay in seeking medical help, and a pervasive culture of silence can be legally devastating for those involved.

• Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017): Andrew Coffey, a 20-year-old pledge, died from alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” event. Pledges were given handles of liquor and pressured to consume them. Coffey’s death, which occurred just two months after Piazza’s, prompted criminal hazing charges against multiple members and led Florida State University to temporarily suspend all Greek life, initiating a comprehensive overhaul of its policies. This incident is a stark reminder of how formulaic “tradition” drinking nights continue to be a script for disaster across the country.

• Maxwell “Max” Gruver – Louisiana State University, Phi Delta Theta (2017): Max Gruver, an 18-year-old pledge, died after participating in a “Bible study” drinking game where he was forced to chug high-proof alcohol for incorrect answers. His blood alcohol content was 0.495—nearly six times the legal limit. Multiple fraternity members were charged, with one ultimately convicted of negligent homicide. This tragedy spurred Louisiana to enact the Max Gruver Act, a felony hazing law, demonstrating how public outrage and clear proof of hazing can drive significant legislative change.

• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021): During a “Big/Little” pledge night, 20-year-old Stone Foltz was forced to consume an entire handle of alcohol and subsequently died from alcohol poisoning. This incident resulted in multiple criminal convictions for hazing-related charges against fraternity members. In a significant civil outcome, Bowling Green State University agreed to a nearly $3 million settlement with the Foltz family, in addition to further settlements with the national fraternity and individuals. This case highlighted that not only fraternities but also universities can face substantial financial and reputational consequences for hazing incidents.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing: The Brutal Side

Some hazing rituals involve extreme physical abuse and psychological torment, often resulting in severe injuries or death.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013): Michael Deng, a 19-year-old pledge, died after a brutal “glass ceiling” ritual during a fraternity retreat in the Pocono Mountains. Blindfolded and weighted down with a backpack, he was repeatedly tackled by fraternity members. Despite suffering a traumatic brain injury, members delayed calling 911 for hours, attempting to cover up the incident. This case led to criminal convictions for multiple members, and the national fraternity was criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter, subsequently being banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years. It powerfully illustrated that off-campus “retreats” can be as dangerous or worse than on-campus incidents, and that national organizations face serious sanctions for such conduct.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse: Beyond Greek Life

Hazing is not confined to fraternities and sororities. Athletic programs, often seen as bastions of camaraderie, can also be breeding grounds for dangerous rituals.

• Northwestern University Football Scandal (2023–2025): In a recent and widely reported series of events, former players alleged widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the Northwestern football program over many years. These allegations included forced “dry-humping” during drills and other degrading acts. Multiple players filed lawsuits against the university and its coaching staff, leading to the firing of long-time head coach Pat Fitzgerald, who later confidentially settled a wrongful-termination suit with the university. This scandal made it clear that hazing extends far beyond Greek life, existing even within high-profile, big-money athletic programs, raising critical questions about institutional oversight and accountability.

What These Cases Mean for U.S. Outlying Islands Families in Texas

These anchor cases, both tragic and impactful, share common threads: preventable harm through forced drinking, physical violence, psychological torment, the delay or denial of medical care, and concerted efforts to cover up the truth. They underscore a sobering reality: meaningful reforms and multi-million-dollar settlements often follow only after a tragedy has occurred, driven by diligent investigation and determined litigation.

For U.S. Outlying Islands families with children attending or considering the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, the University of Texas at Austin, Southern Methodist University, or Baylor University, these national lessons are directly relevant. These institutions operate within a legal and cultural landscape profoundly shaped by these national precedents. Understanding these patterns is key to recognizing risks, advocating for your child, and seeking justice if hazing impacts your family.

TEXAS FOCUS: UH, TEXAS A&M, UT, SMU, BAYLOR

The call for accountability against hazing within Texas’s esteemed universities has grown louder in recent years. For families from U.S. Outlying Islands, the sheer distance to these institutions means a deeper understanding of their specific cultural contexts, policies, and past incidents is crucial. While each university strives to cultivate an identity free of hazing, incidents continue to occur, leading to serious injuries, tragic deaths, and costly lawsuits. The Manginello Law Firm is intimately familiar with these Texas institutions and the legal nuances involved in seeking justice from them.

University of Houston (UH)

The University of Houston, often simply referred to as UH, is one of Texas’s largest, most diverse, and dynamic urban universities. Its campus culture blends a strong academic focus with a vibrant student life, including a significant Greek presence. For U.S. Outlying Islands families, UH might be an attractive option due to its strong programs and location in the bustling fourth-largest city in the country, providing ample opportunities beyond campus. However, like any large institution, UH has faced its share of hazing challenges.

Campus & Culture Snapshot

UH is a tier-one research university boasting over 47,000 students. Its Greek life is robust, with Panhellenic, Interfraternity Council (IFC), National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), and multicultural chapters, providing diverse options for student engagement. The university also supports numerous other student organizations, from sports clubs to cultural associations, all of which are subject to UHPolicies.

Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Houston maintains a strict anti-hazing policy, clearly prohibiting any act that endangers the mental or physical health of a student for the purpose of initiation or affiliation with any organization. This policy explicitly covers both on-campus and off-campus activities. UH’s hazing policy bans acts such as forced consumption of alcohol or drugs, sleep deprivation, physical mistreatment, and any conduct causing mental distress. Students and families can report suspected hazing incidents through the Dean of Students Office, the Office of Student Conduct, or the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD). UH also provides accessible online reporting forms.

Example Incident & Response: The Leonel Bermudez Case

Attorney911 is directly involved in a pivotal hazing case at the University of Houston. In late 2025, The Manginello Law Firm filed a multi-million-dollar lawsuit on behalf of Leonel Bermudez against the University of Houston, the UH System Board of Regents, Pi Kappa Phi national headquarters, its housing corporation, and 13 individual fraternity leaders and members.

The lawsuit alleges that Bermudez, a transfer student and pledge of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity Beta Nu chapter, was subjected to severe hazing rituals throughout the Fall 2025 semester. These alleged acts included:

• Being forced to carry a pledge fanny pack 24/7 filled with degrading items like condoms, a sex toy, and nicotine devices, with threats of punishment for non-compliance.
• Mandatory, hours-long “study/work” blocks and weekly interviews under threat of expulsion.
• Overnight and late-night driving duties as a chapter chauffeur.
• Degrading physical activities such as sprints, bear crawls, and wheelbarrow races, often in cold weather and at odd hours, including in Yellowstone Boulevard Park in Houston.
• Being sprayed with a hose “similar to waterboarding” and threatened with actual waterboarding.
• Forced consumption of milk, hot dogs, and peppercorns until vomiting, followed by immediate strenuous physical activity.
• A particularly brutal session on November 3, 2025, where Bermudez was forced to do over 100 push-ups and 500 squats, leaving him unable to stand.

As a direct result of these alleged hazing activities, Leonel Bermudez developed rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown) and acute kidney failure, passing brown urine and requiring a four-day hospitalization. Attorney Ralph Manginello highlighted the severity of the situation, stating, “His urine was brown.” Lupe Peña added, “If this prevents harm to another person… Let’s bring this to light. Enough is enough.”

The lawsuit further details the institutional response: Pi Kappa Phi national headquarters suspended the Beta Nu chapter on November 6, 2025, and the chapter subsequently voted to surrender its charter on November 14, 2025, effectively shutting it down. Attorney911’s lawsuit, seeking more than $10 million in damages, asserts that the University of Houston should have intervened sooner, citing numerous red flags about the chapter’s behavior. We argue that despite the university’s official anti-hazing stance, there was a failure to adequately prevent or respond to dangerous activities. This case has garnered significant media attention from outlets like Click2Houston (https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2025/11/21/only-on-2-lawsuit-alleges-severe-hazing-at-university-of-houstons-pi-kappa-phi-chapter-fraternity/), ABC13 (https://abc13.com/post/waterboarding-forced-eating-physical-punishment-lawsuit-alleges-abuse-faced-injured-pledge-uhs-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity/18186418/), and Hoodline (https://hoodline.com/2025/11/university-of-houston-and-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity-face-10m-lawsuit-over-alleged-hazing-and-abuse/). As Ralph Manginello recently stated, “We’re almost in 2026. This has to stop.”

How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

For U.S. Outlying Islands families, a hazing case at UH would likely involve critical steps in Houston. Criminal investigations would involve UHPD or the Houston Police Department, depending on where the incident occurred. Civil lawsuits seeking damages would typically be filed in Harris County civil courts. Potential defendants could include the individual students involved, the local chapter, the national Pi Kappa Phi organization, and potentially the University of Houston and its Board of Regents. Attorney911’s current litigation demonstrates our firm’s deep understanding of this process and our readiness to pursue justice vigorously.

What UH Students & Parents Should Do

• Prioritize Safety: If you suspect hazing, immediately secure your child’s physical and mental well-being.
• Document Everything: As in the Bermudez case, detailed documentation is vital. Screenshot all digital communications, photograph injuries, and keep meticulous notes. Attorney911 has a helpful video on using your cellphone to document a legal case (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs).
• Report Strategically: Understand UH’s reporting channels (Dean of Students, UHPD). Our firm can advise on the best reporting strategy to ensure safety and accountability.
• Seek Legal Counsel: Contact a lawyer experienced in Houston-based hazing cases, like Attorney911. We can help families navigate the complexities of university investigations and civil litigation, ensuring that their rights are protected.

Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University, located in College Station, is deeply connected to U.S. Outlying Islands through its vast alumni network and students who come from all over the world. Many families from U.S. Outlying Islands choose A&M for its strong engineering, agricultural, and military programs. A&M is renowned for its traditions, particularly the Corps of Cadets, which fosters a unique and intense campus culture. While these traditions are often celebrated, they also create an environment where hazing can sometimes be disguised as “respect” or “discipline.”

Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas A&M boasts an impressive student body, a fiercely loyal alumni base known as the “Aggie Network,” and a long-standing history rooted in military tradition. The Corps of Cadets, which makes up a significant portion of the student body, is central to this identity. Greek life is also active, contributing to a diverse student experience. The school’s emphasis on tradition and loyalty, while positive in many respects, can inadvertently create fertile ground for hazing if not carefully managed and monitored.

Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Texas A&M unequivocally prohibits hazing, both on- and off-campus, by any student organization, athletic team, or individual. Their policy aligns with state law, defining hazing as any act that endangers mental or physical health for initiation or affiliation purposes. Specific reporting channels include the Division of Student Affairs, the University Police Department (UPD), and a dedicated hazing reporting form that allows for anonymous submissions. The university also emphasizes the importance of bystander intervention.

Documented Incidents & Responses

Texas A&M’s rich traditions have unfortunately been marred by several hazing allegations over the years:

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) Chemical Burns Lawsuit (around 2021): Attorney911 has been involved in cases stemming from Texas A&M. In one instance, two pledges of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon chapter alleged harrowing hazing that included being forced to engage in strenuous physical activity while substances like industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, and spit were poured on them. This resulted in severe chemical burns that required extensive medical treatment, including skin graft surgeries. The pledges subsequently sued the fraternity for $1 million. The SAE chapter was suspended for two years by the university.
• Corps of Cadets Sexualized Hazing Lawsuit (2023): In another disturbing lawsuit, a cadet alleged degrading hazing within the Corps, including simulated sexual acts and being tightly bound between beds in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple forced into his mouth. The cadet sought over $1 million in damages. While A&M stated it addressed the matter under its strict internal regulations, the incidents highlight the challenges in distinguishing tradition from abuse within highly structured campus groups.
• 1997 Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fatality: Texas A&M tragically saw the death of Brian T. Sanders from events linked to SAE. Though specific details tie back to his involvement with the fraternity, his case, along with others, demonstrates a pattern of risk within this organization.

How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

For U.S. Outlying Islands families, a Texas A&M hazing case would navigate the Brazos County legal system. Criminal charges might be pursued through the College Station Police Department or the Brazos County District Attorney’s office. Civil lawsuits would likely be filed in Brazos County District Courts. Given A&M’s public university status, sovereign immunity defenses might initially be raised, though exceptions for gross negligence or Title IX violations, or lawsuits against individuals, can overcome this.

What Texas A&M Students & Parents Should Do

• Understand the Culture: Be vigilant for any “tradition” that crosses the line into hazing.
• Direct Reporting: Utilize A&M’s explicit hazing reporting channels, including UPD and the Division of Student Affairs, prioritizing those closest to U.S. Outlying Islands to enable effective communication.
• Document Vigilantly: Preserve all evidence—digital communications, photographs of injuries (like chemical burns), and detailed notes of incidents.
• Seek Experienced Texas Counsel: Attorney911’s experience with cases like the SAE chemical burns lawsuit at A&M positions us to understand the culture and navigate legal complexities effectively.

University of Texas at Austin (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin is the flagship institution of the UT System, a beacon of academic excellence that attracts students from U.S. Outlying Islands and around the globe. Its vibrant campus and powerful alumni base make it a popular choice, but also one where the social scene, including Greek life and numerous student organizations, can sometimes overshadow safety.

Campus & Culture Snapshot

UT Austin is a sprawling public university nestled in the heart of the state capital. It boasts a dynamic student body, a fiercely spirited athletic tradition, and a large, active Greek system. Beyond fraternities and sororities, UT is home to thousands of student organizations, including spirit groups like the Texas Cowboys (which has faced hazing allegations), diverse athletic clubs, and various honor societies. The sheer size and vibrancy of the campus can, at times, make it challenging to monitor all student activities effectively.

Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

UT Austin maintains a comprehensive anti-hazing policy that strictly prohibits any hazing activities associated with student organizations, athletic teams, or individuals. The policy applies to both on- and off-campus activities and explicitly lists behaviors that constitute hazing. UT takes great pride in its relative transparency regarding hazing incidents, publicly listing violations and disciplinary actions on its Special Notice System web page. This page serves as a critical resource for students and parents, detailing specific organizational misconduct, including hazing, and the sanctions imposed. Reporting can be made through the Dean of Students Office, the University Police Department (UTPD), or various anonymous online portals.

Documented Incidents & Responses

UT Austin’s transparency policy provides valuable insight into recurring hazing patterns:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) (2023): In a recent incident, the Pi Kappa Alpha chapter was found responsible for hazing after directing new members to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics, among other activities. This resulted in the chapter being placed on probation and mandated to implement new hazing-prevention education.
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) (2006): UT has also tragically seen the death of pledge Tyler Cross, from events linked to SAE. Though details remain sensitive, his case contributes to a national pattern that has plagued SAE chapters.
• Texas Cowboys (1995 & 2018): This prestigious spirit organization has faced multiple hazing allegations. In 1995, Gabriel Higgins died in a drowning incident during an alcohol-fueled initiation related to the Texas Cowboys. Years later, in 2018, the group was again sanctioned for hazing activities involving sleep deprivation and other abuses, demonstrating persistent issues within revered student organizations.
• Phi Kappa Psi (1986): The university also saw the death of Mark Seeberger, 18, who died after a Phi Kappa Psi event with a blood-alcohol level of 0.43. While a grand jury did not indict anyone, the incident highlights a long history of alcohol-related hazing.

These incidents, publicly documented on UT’s website, showcase a continuing struggle against hazing, despite the university’s efforts at transparency and education.

How a UT Austin Hazing Case Might Proceed

For U.S. Outlying Islands families, a hazing case at UT Austin would involve the Travis County legal system. Law enforcement investigations could be handled by UTPD or the Austin Police Department. Civil lawsuits seeking damages would be filed in Travis County District Courts. UT Austin, as a public institution, would likely invoke sovereign immunity, but Attorney911 is highly experienced in navigating these defenses for gross negligence, civil rights violations, or claims against individuals. UT’s public record of hazing incidents can be a powerful tool for civil litigation, establishing a pattern of knowledge and potential deliberate indifference.

What UT Austin Students & Parents Should Do

• Monitor the Special Notice System: Regularly check UT’s public hazing violations page to stay informed about organizations.
• Utilize Reporting Channels: Students should not hesitate to use UT’s anonymous reporting options, Dean of Students, or UTPD.
• Document Everything Thoroughly: Given the importance of digital evidence, meticulous screenshots of group chats, photos, or videos can make a significant difference.
• Consult Legal Experts Early: Attorney911 advises U.S. Outlying Islands families to contact us immediately if they suspect hazing. Our expertise in leveraging university records and handling institutional defenses is invaluable.

Southern Methodist University (SMU)

Southern Methodist University is a private university in Dallas, serving a diverse student body, including those who travel from U.S. Outlying Islands seeking its highly-regarded academic programs and vibrant campus life. SMU is known for its beautiful campus, competitive academics, and a social scene where Greek life plays a prominent role, mirroring the larger Dallas metropolitan culture. This environment, while enriching, has also seen its share of hazing incidents.

Campus & Culture Snapshot

SMU is a private, selective university with a strong focus on undergraduate education, though it also offers numerous graduate programs. Greek life is particularly influential, with a high percentage of students participating in fraternities and sororities. The university’s location in a major metropolitan area provides students with extensive internships and cultural opportunities. However, the prominent social scene and the desire to maintain tradition within Greek organizations can create pressures that sometimes lead to hazing.

Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

SMU maintains a strong anti-hazing policy that is consistent with Texas law, applying to all student organizations and individuals, whether on or off campus. Their policy prohibits any act that causes physical or mental harm for initiation, affiliation, or membership. SMU encourages reporting through its Dean of Students Office, the Student Conduct & Community Standards office, and the SMU Police Department. The university also utilizes an anonymous reporting tool, Real Response, to encourage students to come forward without fear.

Documented Incidents & Responses

While SMU, as a private institution, may not publicize hazing incidents with the same level of granular detail as public universities like UT Austin, disciplinary actions against organizations for hazing are known to occur:

• Kappa Alpha Order (2017): In a notable incident, the Kappa Alpha Order chapter at SMU was suspended and faced significant sanctions after reports of severe hazing. Allegations included new members being paddled, forced to consume alcohol, and subjected to sleep deprivation. The chapter was prohibited from recruiting new members for an extended period, reflecting the seriousness of the violations. This incident underscores that even at well-resourced private universities, hazing remains a persistent challenge.

How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

For U.S. Outlying Islands families, hazing cases emanating from SMU would typically involve the Dallas County legal system. Criminal investigations would be handled by the SMU Police Department or the Dallas Police Department. Civil lawsuits seeking damages would be filed in Dallas County District Courts. As a private institution, SMU generally does not benefit from sovereign immunity, which can simplify some aspects of civil litigation. However, private universities often employ robust legal teams, requiring experienced counsel to successfully navigate.

What SMU Students & Parents Should Do

• Be Informed: Despite less public transparency than state schools, seek information from SMU’s student affairs offices regarding known disciplinary actions.
• Utilize Anonymous Reporting: The Real Response tool, in particular, allows for confidential reporting which can be crucial for students fearing repercussions.
• Comprehensive Documentation: Should hazing be suspected, immediate and thorough documentation of all evidence (digital, physical, medical) is paramount.
• Consult Specialized Legal Counsel: Attorney911 has the expertise to delve into university records through discovery, even at private institutions, and build a strong case against all responsible parties. Our knowledge of Dallas-area courts and legal landscape is also invaluable.

Baylor University

Baylor University, located in Waco, Texas, is a private Baptist university with a strong spiritual mission and a commitment to academic excellence. For families from U.S. Outlying Islands, Baylor offers a distinctive blend of Christian values and a vibrant college experience, attracting students who appreciate its unique community. However, even with its faith-based foundation, Baylor has grappled with significant issues of accountability in student life, including hazing.

Campus & Culture Snapshot

Baylor is Texas’s oldest continuously operating university, known for its rigorous academics and active student body. Greek life thrives, alongside numerous faith-based student organizations, athletic teams, and traditional campus events. Baylor’s culture places a high value on community and shared experience, traits that, if misdirected, can sometimes contribute to hazing if members pressure new recruits to prove their loyalty through abusive acts. Baylor has also faced intense scrutiny in recent years for its handling of sexual assault allegations, which, while distinct from hazing, speaks to broader institutional challenges in student safety and oversight.

Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Baylor University strictly prohibits hazing, adhering to Texas law and its own institutional values. Its policy explicitly condemns any acts that endanger physical or mental health for the purpose of initiation, membership, or affiliation, on or off campus. Baylor provides multiple channels for reporting hazing, including its Baylor Police Department, the Dean of Students Office, and specific online reporting forms that allow for anonymous submissions. The university emphasizes its “zero tolerance” stance on hazing and encourages all members of the community to come forward.

Documented Incidents & Responses

Historically, hazing at Baylor, like at other institutions, has prompted investigations and disciplinary actions:

• Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020): In 2020, 14 players from the Baylor baseball team were suspended following an investigation into hazing allegations. The university implemented staggered suspensions over the early season, impacting the team’s performance but signaling the university’s commitment to addressing the issue. While specific details of the hazing were not widely publicized, it likely involved activities intended to “initiate” new team members through demeaning or physically taxing rituals. This incident underscored that hazing can occur within high-profile athletic programs, demanding institutional vigilance even in the face of competitive pressures.

How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

For U.S. Outlying Islands families involved in a hazing case at Baylor, legal proceedings would typically occur within the McLennan County legal system in Waco. Criminal aspects would involve the Baylor University Police Department or Waco Police Department. Civil lawsuits would be filed in McLennan County District Courts. As a private university, Baylor does not benefit from sovereign immunity, making it more directly susceptible to civil claims for negligence or other torts. However, like other private institutions, Baylor employs strong legal counsel to defend its interests. Attorney911’s experience with sophisticated private university defenses ensures diligent and effective representation.

What Baylor Students & Parents Should Do

• Understand Baylor’s Reporting System: Familiarize yourself with Baylor’s specific reporting channels, utilizing both campus police and the Dean of Students.
• Prompt Documentation: Collect all available evidence, whether digital or physical, as quickly as possible.
• Address Broader Oversight Concerns: Given Baylor’s history, hazing complaints might align with broader concerns about institutional oversight and the university’s response to student misconduct.
• Retain Expert Legal Counsel: Contact Attorney911 to discuss concerns. Our firm is adept at navigating investigations within private institutions and holding all responsible parties accountable for hazing.

FRATERNITIES & SORORITIES: CAMPUS-SPECIFIC + NATIONAL HISTORIES

For U.S. Outlying Islands families, understanding the complex world of Greek life is critical. Most fraternities and sororities at Texas universities, including the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, and Baylor, are part of larger national organizations. These national entities, while often promoting positive values and philanthropy, have a documented, and often troubling, history of hazing incidents across the country. Recognizing this national context is not about condemning an entire system, but about understanding the significant legal implications if hazing impacts your child.

Why National Histories Matter in Texas Hazing Cases

National organizations meticulously craft anti-hazing policies, produce thick manuals, and conduct training sessions. These resources exist not just as guidelines, but often as a direct response to a painful history of hazing-related deaths and catastrophic injuries that have occurred at various chapters nationwide. When a local Texas chapter repeats the same dangerous “traditions” that led to prior incidents at other chapters, it creates a powerful legal argument: foreseeability.

Foreseeability is a cornerstone of negligence law. If a national fraternity knows (or reasonably should have known) that a particular hazing ritual, such as forced alcohol consumption on “Big/Little” night, has caused harm at multiple campuses, and they fail to effectively prevent it at another chapter, they can be held directly liable. This demonstrates a pattern of failed oversight and can significantly strengthen a civil lawsuit against not only the local chapter and its members, but also the national organization. This understanding influences:

• Settlement Leverage: National organizations often have deeper pockets and insurance policies, but they are also highly motivated to settle to protect their reputation and prevent further lawsuits.
• Insurance Coverage Disputes: Our firm, with former insurance defense attorney Lupe Peña, understands how insurers try to deny coverage for “intentional acts.” However, national organizations’ failure to prevent foreseeable hazing can be framed as negligence, which is typically covered.
• Potential for Punitive Damages: In egregious cases, where a national organization shows deliberate indifference to a known pattern of hazing, courts may impose punitive damages, designed to punish the defendant and deter similar conduct in the future.

Organization Mapping: Key Patterns in Greek Organizations

While we cannot list every single chapter at every Texas university, here are some prominent Greek organizations that have faced significant national scrutiny for hazing, and how their histories might inform a case for Texas families:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike): This national fraternity has a deeply problematic hazing history, particularly involving forced alcohol consumption. The tragic death of Stone Foltz at Bowling Green State University in 2021, where he was forced to consume an entire handle of alcohol during a “Big/Little” pledge night, resulted in criminal convictions and a $10 million settlement with his family. Prior to that, David Bogenberger died from alcohol poisoning at a Pike event at Northern Illinois University in 2012, leading to a $14 million settlement. When a Pike chapter in Texas engages in similar alcohol-fueled hazing, these national precedents directly demonstrate foreseeability and a pattern of organizational failure.

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE): Often labeled “America’s deadliest fraternity” by some media outlets due to a string of hazing-related deaths, SAE announced an end to its pledging process in 2014, shifting to a “True Gentlemen Experience.” However, hazing incidents have persisted. Examples include a lawsuit alleging a traumatic brain injury during a hazing ritual at the University of Alabama (filed 2023), and our firm’s experience with a Texas A&M chapter facing allegations of severe chemical burns from substances poured on pledges (2021). The University of Texas at Austin also saw the death of Tyler Cross from an alcohol-related fall around 2006, where hazing was implied as a factor. These repeated incidents highlight a national pattern within SAE that is crucial in Texas litigation.

• Phi Delta Theta (Phi Delt): This fraternity faced national condemnation following the alcohol poisoning death of Max Gruver at LSU in 2017. Gruver was forced to participate in a “Bible study” drinking game, leading to his incredibly high BAC. His family secured a $6.1 million verdict against the fraternity and individuals. In Texas, a Phi Delta Theta chapter at Auburn University (1993) also tragically saw the death of Chad Saucier due to alcohol. These incidents demonstrate a specific, deadly form of hazing that has recurred within Phi Delta Theta.

• Pi Kappa Phi (Pi Kapp): As seen in our case involving Leonel Bermudez at the University of Houston, Pi Kappa Phi has a history of hazing. Nationally, Andrew Coffey died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” at Florida State University in 2017. These repeated incidents, particularly involving alcohol-fueled events or physically degrading rituals, strengthen arguments of national organizational liability for Texas chapters.

• Kappa Alpha Order (KA): While not often associated with alcohol fatalities, Kappa Alpha Order chapters have faced numerous suspensions for other forms of hazing. Our firm’s work with SMU indicates that the Kappa Alpha Order chapter there faced sanctions around 2017 for alleged paddling, forced alcohol consumption, and sleep deprivation. These incidents demonstrate that Kappa Alpha Order has its own pattern of hazing violations that can be leveraged in a civil suit, especially regarding physical abuse and sleep deprivation tactics.

  This mapping is illustrative, not exhaustive. Any Greek organization can be involved in hazing, and each case depends on its specific facts and prior history.

Tying National Histories Back to Legal Strategy

The documented history of hazing within these national organizations is not merely anecdotal; it forms a critical component of our legal strategy. When we are building a case for a U.S. Outlying Islands family impacted by hazing at a Texas university, we investigate:

• Foreseeability: Did the national organization know, or should it have known, that specific hazing activities were occurring within its chapters? Prior incidents create a strong argument for foreseeability.
• Pattern of Conduct: If similar hazing rituals have led to injuries or deaths before, it suggests a systemic issue that the national organization failed to address effectively.
• Enforcement of Policies: Were the national anti-hazing policies merely “paper policies,” or were they genuinely enforced with meaningful sanctions at previous chapters? A history of weak enforcement strengthens claims of negligence.
• Notice and Opportunity to Act: Did the national organization receive prior warnings, complaints, or reports about its chapters’ hazing activities but fail to intervene decisively?

By establishing these points, we can hold not only the individual perpetrators and local chapter accountable, but also the powerful national organizations that are often better positioned to prevent such tragedies and compensate victims.

BUILDING A CASE: EVIDENCE, DAMAGES, STRATEGY

For families from U.S. Outlying Islands faced with the aftermath of hazing, the path to justice can seem daunting. At Attorney911, we understand the immense pain and confusion you may feel. Our approach to building a hazing case is methodical, aggressive, and grounded in solid legal strategy, focusing heavily on modern evidence collection and a comprehensive understanding of recoverable damages.

The Power of Evidence

In today’s digital age, evidence is abundant, yet it can be fleeting. Swift, strategic action is paramount to secure the proof needed to hold accountable those responsible for hazing.

• Digital Communications: The New Frontier of Evidence
  Group chats and direct messages are now the most critical source of evidence in hazing cases. They reveal planning, intent, coercion, and the exact nature of the hazing. We meticulously collect and preserve:

  • GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, and Snapchat messages: These platforms are frequently used for organizing and executing hazing rituals. We look for coded language, instructions, threats, and photos/videos shared within these groups.
  • Social Media Posts (Instagram, TikTok, Facebook): Even seemingly innocuous posts can reveal context, participants, and locations. Deleted content can often be recovered with forensic tools.
    Our firm emphasizes the need for immediate preservation. As Attorney911’s video on using your cellphone to document a legal case (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) explains, proper screenshotting and backup of all digital content is vital before it can be deleted or vanish.

• Photos and Videos: Unfiltered Truth
  Content filmed by members themselves during hazing events, or photos of injuries, humiliations, and coercive acts, are invaluable. These visual records provide undeniable proof of what transpired. Security camera footage from houses or venues can also corroborate witness statements.

• Internal Organization Documents: The “Smoking Gun”
  Through legal discovery, we seek internal documents such as:

  • Pledge manuals and initiation scripts: These often detail “traditions” that fall squarely under the definition of hazing.
  • Emails and texts: Communications among officers and members discussing hazing activities, warnings, or cover-up attempts.
  • National policies and prior incident reports: These can demonstrate a pattern of ignored warnings or inadequate enforcement.

• University Records: The Institutional Paper Trail
  We also investigate university records, often utilizing public records requests for state institutions:

  • Prior conduct files: Records of past hazing violations, probation, or suspensions against the same organization. This establishes a pattern of previous misconduct and the university’s knowledge.
  • Campus police reports: Incident reports related to the organization or its members.
  • Clery reports: University crime statistics that may reflect hazing-related assaults or alcohol offenses.

• Medical and Psychological Records: Documenting the Harm
  Comprehensive medical records are crucial to establish the extent of physical injuries and the immediate cause of death. This includes emergency room reports, hospital records, toxicology reports (especially for alcohol poisoning cases), and any documentation of organ damage or neurological impact. Equally important are psychological evaluations that document severe emotional distress, PTSD, anxiety, or depression as a direct result of the hazing.

• Witness Testimony: Filling in the Gaps
  The accounts of other pledges, current or former members, roommates, and bystanders piece together the narrative. Protecting these courageous witnesses is a key part of our strategy.

Recoverable Damages: Beyond the Surface-Level Loss

Hazing inflicts financial, physical, and emotional wounds. Our firm works to ensure that clients receive comprehensive compensation for all aspects of their suffering:

Economic Damages (Quantifiable Financial Losses)

• Medical Expenses: This includes past medical bills (emergency care, hospitalization, surgeries, medications, rehabilitation) and projections for future medical care, which for catastrophic injuries can be substantial and lifelong (e.g., life care plans for brain injury victims).
• Lost Income & Educational Opportunities: Compensation for missed work (by the victim or a parent caring for them), lost tuition, forfeited scholarships, and any delay in entering the workforce. For permanent injuries, we work with economists to calculate the diminished future earning capacity over a lifetime.
• Property Damage: Costs for any personal property damaged or destroyed during the hazing incident.

Non-Economic Damages (Subjective, Yet Profound Losses)

• Physical Pain & Suffering: Covering the intense physical pain from injuries, ongoing discomfort, and the long-term impact on physical abilities.
• Emotional Distress & Psychological Harm: This includes anxiety, depression, PTSD, humiliation, shame, loss of dignity, fear, and the profound psychological impacts of trauma. Psychological evaluations help quantify this often invisible suffering.
• Loss of Enjoyment of Life: Compensation for the inability to participate in beloved activities, the damage to social relationships, and the overall diminishment of quality of life.

Wrongful Death Damages (When Hazing Takes a Life)

In the most tragic hazing cases, families can seek justice through a wrongful death claim. Compensation typically includes:

• Funeral and burial costs.
• Loss of financial support: Calculated based on the deceased’s potential lifetime earnings and contributions to the family.
• Loss of companionship, love, and society: For parents, siblings, or spouses who have lost a loved one.
• Grief and emotional suffering: Recognition of the immense pain and psychological impact on surviving family members.

Punitive Damages: Punishing Gross Negligence

In cases where defendants’ actions are deemed grossly negligent, willful, or malicious—especially if they had prior warnings and failed to act—courts may award punitive damages. These damages are designed to punish the wrongdoers and deter similar conduct in the future, providing accountability beyond direct compensation.

Strategic Defenses & Overcoming Institutional Opposition

Institutions and national organizations frequently employ a standard set of legal defenses to avoid liability. Attorney911 is prepared for these arguments, leveraging our experience (including Lupe Peña’s background as a former insurance defense attorney) to dismantle them:

• “The pledge consented/it was voluntary”: We counter by citing Texas law, which explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing, emphasizing power dynamics and coercion.
• “This was a rogue chapter/the national didn’t know”: We use pattern evidence from nationwide hazing incidents (like those detailed in Section 4) to demonstrate foreseeability and prove that nationals had, and ignored, warnings.
• “It happened off-campus/not our property”: We argue that institutions still have a duty based on sponsorship, knowledge, and foreseeability, regardless of location.
• “We have strict anti-hazing policies”: We expose “paper policies” that were never meaningfully enforced by showing a history of ignored violations or minimal punishment.
• “This was an unforseeable accident”: We use prior incidents and the known risks of hazing to establish that the harm was entirely foreseeable.
• “Sovereign immunity”: For public universities in Texas, we identify exceptions based on gross negligence, Title IX violations, or individual liability.
• “Insurance doesn’t cover hazing”: Leveraging our insider knowledge, we challenge attempts by insurers to deny coverage due to “intentional acts,” arguing instead negligent supervision.

Building a successful hazing case is a complex process requiring specialized legal knowledge, investigative resources, and a deep commitment to the victim. Our strategy focuses on meticulously gathering evidence, aggressively pursuing all liable parties, and ultimately achieving justice and accountability for families from U.S. Outlying Islands and throughout Texas.

PRACTICAL GUIDES & FAQS

For families in U.S. Outlying Islands, navigating a hazing situation can be isolating and confusing. Knowing what to do, who to trust, and what your rights are is critical. These practical guides are designed to give you actionable steps and answers to common questions.

For Parents: Recognizing & Responding to Hazing

Parental intuition is powerful. If something feels off with your child, don’t dismiss it. Here are warning signs and steps to take:

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed

• Physical Changes: Look for unexplained bruises, burns, or injuries that don’t have a credible explanation. Notice extreme fatigue, sudden weight loss/gain, or an unusual preoccupation with avoiding sleep.
• Behavioral & Emotional Shifts: Secrecy about group activities, withdrawal from family or old friends, sudden anxiety, irritability, or depression. They might become defensive when asked about the organization or talk about “just having to get through this.”
• Academic Decline: A sudden drop in grades, missed classes, or prioritizing group activities over academic commitments.
• Financial Strain: Unexpected demands for money, large expenses for the group, or evidence of coerced purchases.
• Digital Red Flags: Increased anxiety around their phone, constant monitoring of group chats, rapid deletion of messages, or being unreachable for long periods.

How to Talk to Your Child

Approach your child with empathy, not judgment. Start with open-ended questions like: “How are you enjoying [organization]? What does new member education involve?” Emphasize that their safety is your top priority, and you are there to support them, not to punish them.

What to Do If You Suspect Hazing

1. Prioritize Safety: If your child is in immediate danger, intoxicated, or injured, call 911 immediately. Get them medical attention; health and safety come first, always.
2. Document Everything: Write down what your child tells you, including dates, times, and who was involved. Screenshot all digital communications (texts, group chats, social media posts). Photograph any injuries. These contemporaneous records are vital evidence.
3. Report to Campus & Law Enforcement (Strategically): Understand the university’s reporting channels (Dean of Students, police department like UHPD or UTPD). Consider also reporting to local police if crimes occurred.
4. Seek Legal Consultation: Contact Attorney911 early. We can help you preserve evidence, understand your options, and protect your child from retaliation.

What NOT to Do: Critical Mistakes to Avoid

1. Don’t Confront the Group Directly: This can lead to evidence destruction or further retaliation.
2. Don’t Sign Anything Without Legal Review: University or insurance documents may contain waivers of your rights.
3. Don’t Post Publicly: Avoid sharing details on social media until you’ve consulted with an attorney, as it can compromise your case.

CRITICAL MISTAKES THAT CAN RUIN YOUR HAZING CASE:

1. Letting your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

   • What parents think: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Looks like a cover-up; can be obstruction of justice; makes the case nearly impossible.
   • What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately, even embarrassing content.

2. Confronting the fraternity/sorority directly

   • What parents think: “I’m going to give them a piece of my mind.”
   • Why it’s wrong: They immediately lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses, and prepare defenses.
   • What to do instead: Document everything, then call a lawyer before any confrontation.

3. Signing university “release” or “resolution” forms

   • What universities do: Pressure families to sign waivers or “internal resolution” agreements.
   • Why it’s wrong: You may waive your right to sue; settlements are often far below case value.
   • What to do instead: Do NOT sign anything without an attorney reviewing it first.

4. Posting details on social media before talking to a lawyer

   • What families think: “I want people to know what happened.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys screenshot everything; inconsistencies hurt credibility; can waive privilege.
   • What to do instead: Document privately; let your lawyer control public messaging.

5. Letting your child go back to “one last meeting”

   • What fraternities say: “Come talk to us before you do anything drastic.”
   • Why it’s wrong: They pressure, intimidate, or extract statements that hurt the case.
   • What to do instead: Once you’re considering legal action, all communication goes through your lawyer.

6. Waiting “to see how the university handles it”

   • What universities promise: “We’re investigating; let us handle this internally.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate, statute of limitations runs, university controls the narrative.
   • What to do instead: Preserve evidence NOW; consult lawyer immediately; university process ≠ real accountability.

7. Talking to insurance adjusters without a lawyer

   • What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process the claim.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Recorded statements are used against you; early settlements are lowball.
   • What to do instead: Politely decline and say, “My attorney will contact you.”

For more insights, watch Attorney911’s video on client mistakes that can ruin your injury case: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY.

For Students / Pledges: Self-Assessment & Safety Planning

If you’re a student or pledge from U.S. Outlying Islands and you suspect you’re being hazed, remember: your safety and well-being are paramount.

• Is This Hazing? Ask yourself: Am I being forced to do something I don’t want? Would I do this if my parents or the university were watching? Is this activity dangerous, illegal, or humiliating? Am I being told to keep secrets? If the answer is yes, it’s hazing.
• “Consent” Is Not a Blanket Defense: You might feel immense pressure to “go along,” but the law understands that true consent cannot exist under coercion.
• Exiting Safely: You have the legal right to leave any organization at any time. Politely notify the leaders of your decision, preferably in writing (email or text). Avoid “one last meeting” which can be a pressure tactic.
• Reporting & Amnesty: Many schools, including UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, and Baylor, have anonymous reporting systems. Texas law protects good-faith reporters, and emergency amnesty policies prevent punishment for those who call for medical help, even for drug or alcohol violations.

For Former Members / Witnesses: Doing What’s Right

If you were once part of a hazing incident, either as a participant or a witness, you have a crucial role to play in stopping the cycle of abuse.

• Your Role in Accountability: Your testimony and evidence can prevent future harm and save lives. While coming forward may be difficult, it’s a vital step toward justice.
• Legal Protection: Lawyers understand the complexities of your situation. You may fear legal repercussions, but an attorney can advise you on your rights and how to cooperate without incriminating yourself (e.g., in exchange for immunity or reduced charges).
• Navigating Guilt: Acknowledge your feelings, but understand that speaking up offers a path to redemption and allows victims to find peace.

Safe Alternatives to Greek Life in Texas

For students in U.S. Outlying Islands seeking meaningful campus connections without hazing risks in Texas, numerous hazing-free alternatives offer community, leadership, and personal growth:

Campus Organizations (Hazing-Free Alternatives)

• Student Government: Provides leadership opportunities and a chance to make a real impact on campus life.
• Academic Honor Societies: Organizations like Phi Beta Kappa honor scholastic achievement and do NOT haze.
• Career-Focused Groups: Pre-Law Society, Engineering organizations, Business Clubs, and nursing associations offer networking and professional development.
• Community Service: Chapters of Habitat for Humanity, Circle K, or local volunteering groups provide opportunities to give back.
• Religious/Spiritual Groups: Campus ministries and interfaith organizations offer community based on shared values.
• Cultural Organizations: Celebrate heritage and foster cultural exchange without abusive initiations.
• Club Sports & Intramural Athletics: Offer team camaraderie and physical activity in a competitive, fun atmosphere.

Social Alternatives

• Residence hall communities and programming offer immediate social networks.
• Academic study groups and tutoring programs build connections around shared goals.
• Part-time campus employment and research assistant positions provide valuable experience and social interaction.
• Volunteer opportunities with local charities.
• Campus recreation programs and outdoor clubs.

What to Look for in ANY Organization Before Joining

Before committing to any group, students should verify:

• ☑️ Clear, written anti-hazing policies that are actively enforced.
• ☑️ Active involvement from a faculty or staff advisor.
• ☑️ A transparent membership process with no “secret” phases or undisclosed activities.
• ☑️ No “pledging” period with undisclosed or mandatory, non-academic events.
• ☑️ Current members who are willing to openly discuss their experiences without fear.
• ☑️ No requirements to lie, keep secrets, or participate in activities that make you uncomfortable.

Red Flags to Avoid

• 🚩 “What happens here stays here” culture or oaths of secrecy.
• 🚩 Excessive time demands that interfere with academics, sleep, or personal well-being.
• 🚩 Required alcohol consumption or drug use at events.
• 🚩 Vague descriptions for “new member education” or “initiation” activities.
• 🚩 Expectations of sleep deprivation, servitude, or degrading tasks.
• 🚩 Financial demands beyond transparent, standard dues.
• 🚩 Constant pressure to conform or prove loyalty through uncomfortable acts.

Short FAQ

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
  Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities (UH, Texas A&M, UT) have some sovereign immunity protections, but exceptions exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, and when suing individuals in a personal capacity. Private universities (SMU, Baylor) have fewer immunity protections. Every case depends on specific facts—contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for case-specific analysis.

• “Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
  It can be. Texas law classifies hazing as a Class B misdemeanor by default, but it can become a state jail felony if the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Individuals, including officers of organizations, can also face charges for failing to report hazing.

• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
  Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts recognize that “consent” given under peer pressure, power imbalance, and fear of exclusion is not true voluntary consent.

• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
  Generally 2 years from the date of injury or death in Texas, but the “discovery rule” may extend this if the harm or its cause wasn’t immediately known. In cases involving cover-ups or fraud, the statute may be tolled (paused). Time is critical—evidence disappears, witnesses forget, and organizations destroy records. Call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately; you can learn more about the statute of limitations in our video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c).

• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
  Location doesn’t eliminate liability. Universities and national fraternities can still be liable based on sponsorship, control, knowledge, and foreseeability. Many major hazing cases (like the Pi Delta Psi retreat or the Sigma Pi unofficial house case) occurred off-campus and still resulted in significant judgments.

• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  Most hazing cases settle confidentially before trial. You can request sealed court records and confidential settlement terms. We prioritize your family’s privacy while pursuing accountability.

ABOUT THE MANGINELLO LAW FIRM + CALL TO ACTION

When your family faces a hazing case, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how powerful institutions — from national fraternities to major universities — fight back, and how to win anyway. For families from U.S. Outlying Islands contemplating a legal battle across the country in Texas, this specialized expertise is not just an advantage; it’s a necessity.

At Attorney911, The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, we bring unparalleled qualifications to hazing litigation. Our approach is rooted in an unwavering commitment to our clients and a deep understanding of the tactics employed by the opposition.

Our insurance insider advantage is a critical differentiator. Attorney Lupe Peña, a former insurance defense attorney at a national firm, knows exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies value (or undervalue) hazing claims. She understands their delay tactics, coverage exclusion arguments, and settlement strategies, allowing us to anticipate their moves and counter them effectively. As we often say, “We know their playbook because we used to run it.”

Ralph Manginello, our managing partner, brings extensive complex litigation experience against massive institutions. He was one of the few Texas attorneys involved in challenging corporate giants during the massive BP Texas City explosion litigation. This federal court experience (U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas) means we are not intimidated by national fraternities, universities, or their formidable defense teams. “We’ve taken on billion-dollar corporations and won. We know how to fight powerful defendants,” Ralph states. Our track record includes multi-million dollar wrongful death and catastrophic injury results, demonstrating our ability to value severe damages often seen in hazing incidents and force accountability.

We provide comprehensive criminal and civil hazing expertise. Ralph’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) underscores our understanding of how criminal hazing charges—which can be a state jail felony in Texas—interact with civil litigation. This dual perspective is invaluable, allowing us to advise clients seamlessly through both criminal proceedings and civil claims arising from hazing.

Our firm’s investigative depth is crucial in hazing cases. We employ a network of experts, including medical and digital forensics specialists, economists, and psychologists. This modern approach is essential for obtaining hidden evidence, such as deleted group chats or chapter records, and for accurately assessing the full scope of damages, from acute rhabdomyolysis to long-term psychological trauma. “We investigate like your child’s life depends on it—because it does.”

Attorney911 is a Houston-based Texas personal injury firm with a statewide reach. We understand that hazing at Texas universities impacts families in U.S. Outlying Islands and across the region, regardless of their physical distance from our offices. Our expertise extends to understanding how fraternities, sororities, Corps programs, and athletic departments operate behind closed doors. We know how to expose the gaps between “paper” anti-hazing policies and the reality on the ground, and how to prove coercion even when power dynamics mask true consent.

We balance our legal acumen with empathy and victim advocacy. “We know this is one of the hardest things a family can face,” says Lupe Peña. Our job is to get you answers, hold the right people accountable, and help prevent this from happening to another family, ensuring that our pursuit of accountability is thorough and unwavering.

Contact Attorney911: Your U.S. Outlying Islands Hazing Lawyers

If your child, a student from U.S. Outlying Islands, experienced hazing at any Texas campus—be it the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, Baylor, or any other institution—we want to hear from you. Families in U.S. Outlying Islands and throughout the surrounding Pacific region have the right to answers and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We will listen to what happened without judgment, explain your legal options, and help you decide on the best path forward for your family.

In your free consultation, you can expect us to:

• Listen to your story with compassion and discretion.
• Review any evidence you have, such as photos, texts, or medical records.
• Explain your legal options, including criminal reporting, civil lawsuits, or both.
• Discuss realistic timelines and what to expect from the legal process.
• Answer your questions about costs; we work on a contingency fee basis, meaning we don’t get paid unless we win your case (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc).
• There is absolutely no pressure to hire us on the spot; you will have the time you need to make an informed decision.
• Everything you discuss with us is confidential.

Whether you’re in U.S. Outlying Islands or anywhere across Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone.

Call Attorney911 today.

Emergency Hotline: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct Line: (713) 528-9070
Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com

Hablamos Español: Contact Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com for consultation in Spanish. Servicios legales en español disponibles.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com