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In the tranquil embrace of the U.S. Virgin Islands, where the azure waters meet golden sands, life often feels insulated from the challenges faced on the U.S. mainland. Families across St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John cherish their close-knit communities and the unique cultural tapestry that defines island living. Yet, when children from these islands venture to higher education institutions in Texas, they can unexpectedly encounter a hidden epidemic that shatters lives: hazing.

Imagine a bright student from Charlotte Amalie, full of dreams and island resilience, arriving at a bustling Texas university. They join a fraternity or sorority, a promising avenue for community and connection. But one evening, under the guise of “tradition” or “team building,” they are subjected to degrading rituals, forced to consume excessive alcohol, or endure grueling physical tasks. Peer pressure mounts, and the instinct to belong overrides their sense of self-preservation. When the night ends in an emergency room, or worse, in tragedy, the cultural distance from home only compounds the shock and isolation. Families in the U.S. Virgin Islands often feel helpless, unsure of where to turn or how to navigate the complex legal landscape that governs such incidents on the mainland.

This is a comprehensive guide to hazing and the law in Texas, written for families in the U.S. Virgin Islands and across Texas who need to understand what unfolds in these dark corners of campus life. We delve into:

• What hazing looks like in 2025 – far beyond old stereotypes.
• How Texas and federal law treat hazing, and where the lines are drawn.
• The lessons from major national cases and their direct relevance to U.S. Virgin Islands families whose children attend Texas schools like the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, Southern Methodist University (SMU), and Baylor University.
• The sobering histories of prominent fraternity and sorority organizations that underscore recurring patterns of misconduct.
• What legal options victims and families in the U.S. Virgin Islands and throughout Texas may have, offering a pathway to justice and accountability.

Please be aware, this article provides general information and is not specific legal advice. The Manginello Law Firm can evaluate individual cases based on their unique facts. We stand ready to serve families throughout Texas, including those in the U.S. Virgin Islands, offering our unwavering support and legal expertise.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
    • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
    • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity/sorority
    • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
    • Post details on public social media
    • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
  • Universities move quickly to control the narrative
  • We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

HAZING IN 2025: WHAT IT REALLY LOOKS LIKE

The term “hazing” often conjures outdated images of paddles and absurd rituals, but in 2025, it’s far more insidious and deeply embedded in campus culture. Modern hazing preys on the psychological vulnerabilities of young adults, leveraging technology and social pressure to enforce conformity and secrecy. For U.S. Virgin Islands families unfamiliar with modern Greek life on the mainland, understanding its true face is the first step toward protection.

Hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to joining, keeping membership, or gaining status in any group, where the behavior endangers physical or mental health, humiliates, or exploits. It is crucial to understand that a student’s “agreement” or “consent” does not automatically make such acts safe or legal, especially when peer pressure and power imbalances are at play.

Main Categories of Hazing

We classify hazing into distinct, often overlapping, categories:

• Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This remains the most common and deadliest form of hazing. It involves forced or coerced drinking of excessive amounts of alcohol, often through chugging challenges, “lineups,” or games designed to promote rapid consumption. Underage drinking is frequently a component. Students might also be pressured to consume unknown or illicit substances. The goal is often to incapacitate pledges, making them more vulnerable to other forms of abuse.

• Physical Hazing: This includes direct bodily harm, such as paddling and beatings. It also encompasses extreme calisthenics, forced “workouts,” or “smokings” that go far beyond normal athletic conditioning, often leading to physical exhaustion and injury. Sleep deprivation, food or water deprivation, and exposure to extreme temperatures or dangerous environments (like being abandoned far from campus) are also common tactics.

• Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: These acts are designed to degrade and strip individuals of their dignity. Examples include forced nudity or partial nudity, simulated sexual acts, or adopting humiliating poses (such as the “roasted pig” position seen in some military-style hazing). Hazing can also feature acts with racial, homophobic, or sexist overtones, including the use of slurs or forced role-playing of stereotypes.

• Psychological Hazing: Often underestimated, psychological hazing inflicts significant emotional and mental trauma. This can manifest as relentless verbal abuse, threats, forced social isolation, or constant intimidation. Manipulation, forced confessions, and public shaming campaigns – whether in person or online – are powerful tools used to break down an individual’s sense of self and independence.

• Digital/Online Hazing: The rise of technology has brought a new, pervasive dimension to hazing. This includes constant monitoring through group chats and direct messages (GroupMe, WhatsApp, Snapchat, TikTok, Discord), where pledges are expected to respond instantly, day or night. Digital hazing also involves dares, “challenges,” and public humiliation tactics executed via social media platforms, as well as pressure to create or share compromising images or videos.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

Hazing is not confined to the stereotypical “frat house.” It permeates various campus organizations and can be found in:

• Fraternities and Sororities: This includes social Greek letter organizations (Interfraternity Council, Panhellenic Council) as well as National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and multicultural Greek organizations. Despite strict national policies, rogue chapters or individual members often engage in hazing.
• Corps of Cadets / ROTC / Military-Style Groups: Organizations with a hierarchical structure and emphasis on discipline can sometimes foster environments where hazing is disguised as training or tradition.
• Spirit Squads, Tradition Clubs: Groups like cheerleading teams, dance teams, or university spirit organizations (such as the Texas Cowboys at UT Austin) have faced hazing allegations.
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to swimming, baseball, and cheerleading, collegiate athletic teams have documented hazing incidents. The pressure to win and conform can be particularly intense in these environments.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly innocuous groups like marching bands, a staple of university life, have had instances of hazing, demonstrating that no organization is inherently immune.
• Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: While less common, even these groups can sometimes develop toxic subcultures that embrace hazing rituals.

Across all these environments, social status, tradition, and intense pressure to conform are powerful forces that perpetuate hazing, allowing these illegal and harmful practices to persist even when everyone “knows” better. This culture of secrecy places students in an agonizing bind between loyalty to their group and their own well-being.

LAW & LIABILITY FRAMEWORK (TEXAS + FEDERAL)

For U.S. Virgin Islands families whose children attend universities in Texas, understanding the legal framework surrounding hazing is crucial. Texas has specific laws, and federal regulations also add layers of protection and accountability.

Texas Hazing Law Basics (Texas Education Code Chapter 37)

Under Texas law (which governs cases in U.S. Virgin Islands families’ absence), hazing is defined by statute in the Texas Education Code, Chapter 37, Subchapter F. This law broadly defines hazing as any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student,
• And occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students.

This definition clarifies that if someone makes you do something dangerous, harmful, or degrading to join or stay in a group, and they intended to do it or were reckless about the risk, that’s hazing under Texas law. Key aspects of the law include:

• Scope: Hazing can happen on or off campus; the physical location does not nullify the offense.
• Harm: It covers both mental and physical harm, acknowledging the severe psychological impact of hazing.
• Intent: The perpetrator does not need a malicious intent to harm. “Reckless” conduct – acting with conscious disregard for a substantial and unjustifiable risk – is sufficient.
• “Consent” is not a defense: Critically, Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that a student’s “agreement” or “consent” to the activity is not a defense, rendering arguments of voluntary participation moot.

Criminal Penalties

Texas law outlines significant penalties for hazing:

• Class B Misdemeanor: Hazing that doesn’t cause serious injury is typically a Class B misdemeanor, carrying penalties of up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000.
• Class A Misdemeanor: If hazing causes an injury requiring medical attention, it escalates to a Class A misdemeanor.
• State Jail Felony: In incidents involving serious bodily injury or death, hazing becomes a state jail felony, carrying more severe penalties and prison time.

Additionally, the law criminalizes failing to report hazing (a misdemeanor for members or officers who knew about it) and retaliating against someone who reports hazing (also a misdemeanor).

Organizational Liability

Organizations themselves (fraternities, sororities, clubs, teams) can also face criminal prosecution if:

• The organization authorized or encouraged the hazing, OR
• An officer or member acting in an official capacity knew about the hazing and failed to report it.

Penalties for organizations include fines of up to $10,000 per violation. Universities also have the authority to revoke recognition and permanently ban organizations from campus. This provision is vital because it ensures that accountability extends beyond individual perpetrators to the institutions that enable such behavior.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases

It’s important for U.S. Virgin Islands families to understand the distinction between criminal and civil legal actions related to hazing:

• Criminal Cases: These are brought by the state (prosecutors) to punish illegal acts. The goal is to enforce public law and can result in jail time, fines, or probation for individuals found guilty. Common hazing-related criminal charges include hazing offenses, furnishing alcohol to minors, assault, battery, and, in tragic circumstances, manslaughter or negligent homicide.
• Civil Cases: These are initiated by victims or their surviving families to seek monetary compensation for damages suffered due to hazing. The focus is on financial recovery and holding responsible parties accountable. Civil claims often involve allegations of negligence, gross negligence, wrongful death, negligent supervision by institutions, or premises liability.

Crucially, criminal and civil cases can proceed simultaneously, and a criminal conviction is not required to pursue a successful civil case. The burden of proof is different in each: “beyond a reasonable doubt” for criminal, versus “preponderance of the evidence” for civil.

Federal Overlay: Stop Campus Hazing Act, Title IX, Clery

Federal legislation also plays a significant role in hazing accountability, especially for institutions receiving federal funding:

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This landmark act mandates that colleges and universities receiving federal aid must:

  • Report hazing incidents more transparently to the public.
  • Implement strengthened hazing education and prevention programs.
  • Maintain and publish comprehensive hazing data, with full implementation expected around 2026. This act aims to create increased transparency and standardized reporting across U.S. campuses.

• Title IX / Clery Act:

  • Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination in education. If hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, or gender-based hostility, it can trigger severe Title IX violations. This can lead to investigations, specific disciplinary actions, and potential federal funding loss for institutions that fail to respond adequately.
  • The Clery Act requires colleges to disclose information about crime on and around their campuses, including statistics and safety policies. Hazing incidents often fall under Clery reporting, particularly if they involve assaults, alcohol- or drug-related offenses, or other crimes.

Who Can Be Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit

Determining who is legally responsible in a civil hazing lawsuit involves identifying all parties whose actions or inactions contributed to the harm. This can include:

• Individual Students: Those who actively planned, carried out, or directly participated in the hazing acts, supplied illegal substances, or failed to intervene when a student was in danger.
• Local Chapter / Organization: The fraternity, sorority, club, or team itself if it operates as a legal entity. This includes the officers or leaders who authorized, condoned, or were aware of the hazing.
• National Fraternity/Sorority: The national headquarters, especially if it set policies, received dues, provided oversight, or had knowledge of past hazing patterns within its chapters. Their liability often hinges on whether they appropriately monitored or intervened.
• University or Governing Board: The educational institution itself, particularly if it was negligent in supervising student organizations, failed to enforce its own anti-hazing policies, or showed deliberate indifference to known patterns of hazing. Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) in Texas may have sovereign immunity, but exceptions often exist for gross negligence or civil rights violations (e.g., Title IX). Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity shields.
• Third Parties: This can extend to landlords or property owners of off-campus houses or event spaces where hazing occurred, or even commercial establishments (bars, liquor stores) under dram shop laws if they served alcohol to minors or visibly intoxicated individuals who then engaged in hazing.

Every case is fact-specific, and the potential defendants vary depending on the unique circumstances of each incident. What remains consistent is the need for experienced legal counsel to navigate these complexities and pursue accountability against all responsible parties.

NATIONAL HAZING CASE PATTERNS (ANCHOR STORIES)

While specific hazing incidents on U.S. Virgin Islands campuses are rare due to the size and nature of the institutions, families sending their children to Texas universities should be acutely aware of the national hazing patterns. These anchor stories highlight the devastating consequences and the legal precedents that shape hazing litigation today, offering vital lessons for any Texas reader.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death Pattern

The pattern of alcohol-related hazing deaths is tragically consistent across the nation, making it the most lethal form of hazing. These cases demonstrate a recurring script of excessive forced alcohol consumption, peer pressure, and a dangerous delay in seeking medical help.

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State University, Beta Theta Pi (2017): In one of the most publicized hazing cases in recent history, 19-year-old Timothy Piazza died after “bid acceptance” night. Pledges were forced to drink large quantities of alcohol, and Piazza suffered multiple falls, including down a flight of stairs. Despite obvious signs of severe injury, fraternity members delayed calling 911 for nearly 12 hours. This egregious delay, captured on internal security cameras, led to dozens of criminal charges against fraternity members, extensive civil litigation, and the passage of Pennsylvania’s stringent Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law. The case underscored how extreme intoxication, a culture of silence, and a reckless disregard for human life can have devastating legal repercussions.

• Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017): Just months after Piazza’s death, Andrew Coffey, a 20-year-old pledge, died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” event. Pledges were given handles of hard liquor and pressured to consume them rapidly. Criminal hazing charges were filed against multiple members, and Florida State University temporarily suspended all Greek life, overhauling its anti-hazing policies. Coffey’s death highlighted how ritualized drinking nights, often perceived as harmless traditions, are a deadly recurring script.

• Max Gruver – Louisiana State University, Phi Delta Theta (2017): Also in 2017, Maxwell “Max” Gruver, an 18-year-old pledge at LSU, died from alcohol toxicity with a staggering blood alcohol content of 0.495%. He was forced to participate in a “Bible study” drinking game where incorrect answers to questions resulted in drinking large quantities of alcohol. This tragedy led to criminal convictions, including negligent homicide against a fraternity member, and spurred Louisiana to pass the Max Gruver Act, a felony hazing statute. Gruver’s case vividly demonstrates how legislative change often follows public outrage fueled by undeniable proof of hazing’s lethality.

• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021): The death of 20-year-old Stone Foltz from alcohol poisoning during a pledge night where he was forced to consume a bottle of whiskey at a “Big/Little” event sent shockwaves through the nation. Multiple fraternity members were convicted of hazing-related charges. Crucially, Foltz’s family reached a $10 million settlement in 2023, with $7 million from the Pi Kappa Alpha national fraternity and approximately $3 million from Bowling Green State University. This substantial settlement emphasizes that both universities and national Greek organizations can face immense financial liability.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing Pattern

Beyond alcohol, physical and ritualized hazing can inflict severe, even fatal, injuries, often exacerbated by a cover-up culture.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013): Michael Deng, an 18-year-old pledge, died during a fraternity retreat in the Pocono Mountains, Pennsylvania. He was blindfolded, weighted with a backpack, and repeatedly tackled during a ritual known as “the glass ceiling.” Fraternal members delayed calling 911 for hours, significantly contributing to his death from a traumatic brain injury. Multiple members were convicted, and, notably, the national Pi Delta Psi fraternity itself was convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter, and banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years. This case was a landmark for establishing organizational criminal liability and proved that off-campus “retreats” are often chosen precisely to conceal violent hazing.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse Pattern

Hazing is not confined to Greek life; it is a pervasive issue within athletic programs, where intense pressure to perform and team loyalty can mask abusive behaviors.

• Northwestern University Football (2023–2025): In a scandal that rocked the collegiate sports world, former Northwestern football players alleged widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the program spanning multiple years. The allegations included forced sexual acts, racial discrimination, and a culture of extreme physical and psychological torment. Multiple players filed lawsuits against Northwestern and its coaching staff, leading to the termination of long-time head coach Pat Fitzgerald, who later settled his own wrongful-termination suit confidentially. This case profoundly demonstrated that hazing extends beyond Greek organizations into major athletic programs, raising critical questions about institutional oversight.

What These Cases Mean for Texas Families

These national tragedies share common threads: explicit or implicit pressure to engage in dangerous activities, humiliating rituals, delays or outright denial of medical care, and concerted efforts to cover up incidents.

For U.S. Virgin Islands families with children attending Texas universities, these cases serve as vital precedents:

• Foreseeability: The repeated nature of these incidents, particularly within specific national organizations, establishes a pattern that makes future hazing events (especially those involving alcohol or physical abuse) foreseeable. This is a critical element in proving negligence in civil lawsuits.
• Institutional Liability: These cases demonstrate that not only individual students but also local chapters, national organizations, and universities themselves can be held financially (and sometimes criminally) liable for hazing injuries and deaths.
• Financial Stakes: The multi-million dollar settlements and verdicts show the severe financial consequences faced by organizations and institutions that fail to prevent hazing, and highlight the value placed on a victim’s life and suffering.
• Legislative Change: Each of these high-profile incidents has contributed to stronger anti-hazing laws and greater public awareness, meaning that institutions are under increasing pressure to act.

Texas families facing hazing allegations at institutions like the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, or Baylor need to recognize that they are operating within a legal landscape profoundly shaped by these national lessons. These precedents provide a powerful foundation for seeking justice in Texas courts.

TEXAS FOCUS: UH, TEXAS A&M, UT, SMU, BAYLOR

As families from the U.S. Virgin Islands consider or learn about their children’s experiences in higher education, understanding the specific environments of major Texas universities is key. While students from the U.S. Virgin Islands may not have attended these institutions in the past, the growing reach of Texas’s higher education system means more students from diverse backgrounds are choosing these schools. For us, providing a detailed look at hazing at these specific universities offers essential context and guidance.

5.1 University of Houston (UH)

The University of Houston is a diverse, sprawling urban campus that serves over 47,000 students. Located in Houston, one of Texas’s largest cities, UH boasts a vibrant student life with an active Greek system that includes dozens of fraternities and sororities, alongside numerous cultural groups, sports clubs, and academic organizations. Many U.S. Virgin Islands families might find the diverse student body and urban opportunities attractive.

5.1.1 Campus & culture snapshot

UH is a Tier One research university, known for its strong programs in engineering, business, and law. Its Greek life, while active, operates within the dynamic and often sprawling Houston metropolitan area, meaning off-campus activities are common. The campus culture reflects Houston’s diversity, attracting students from across Texas, the U.S., and internationally. This rich mix brings unique strengths but also potential challenges relating to oversight of student groups.

5.1.2 Hazing policy & reporting

The University of Houston maintains a strict anti-hazing policy, clearly stating its prohibition against hazing activities both on and off campus. Their policy is aligned with Texas state law, prohibiting any intentional, knowing, or reckless act directed against a student for the purpose of initiation or affiliation that endangers physical or mental health. This includes forced alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, physical mistreatment, and mental distress. UH provides various reporting channels through its Dean of Students office, the Office of Student Conduct, and the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD), and posts a hazing statement and some disciplinary records on its website.

5.1.3 Example incident & response

In a highly significant and recent case handled by our firm, the Leonel Bermudez v. University of Houston / Pi Kappa Phi lawsuit (filed late 2025) thrust UH directly into the national spotlight regarding hazing. Our client, Leonel Bermudez, a transfer student and pledge, suffered acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis after alleged severe hazing by the Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu chapter. The lawsuit seeks more than $10 million in damages.

Allegations from the case include:

• Pledges were forced to carry a “pledge fanny pack” containing humiliating items 24/7.
• Bermudez and others were subjected to hours-long physical exertion, including 100+ push-ups and 500 squats on November 3, 2025.
• Pledges were sprayed with a hose “like waterboarding” and threatened with actual waterboarding.
• Forced consumption of milk, hot dogs, and peppercorns until vomiting, followed by immediate sprints.
• Late-night workouts occurred at Yellowstone Boulevard Park, leading to one pledge losing consciousness.
• Bermudez passed brown urine, a classic symptom of rhabdomyolysis, leading to four days of hospitalization.

The defendants named include UH, the UH System Board of Regents, Pi Kappa Phi national headquarters, its housing corporation, and 13 individual fraternity leaders. Following the allegations, Pi Kappa Phi national HQ suspended the Beta Nu chapter on November 6, 2025, and the chapter surrendered its charter on November 14, 2025. This case highlights UH’s active Greek life community and the very real dangers that can exist even on a large, modern university campus.

In another instance, in 2016, a Pi Kappa Alpha chapter at UH faced misdemeanor hazing charges and university suspension after pledges were allegedly deprived of sufficient food, water, and sleep during a multi-day event, with one student reportedly suffering a lacerated spleen. These incidents clearly demonstrate UH’s history of hazing violations within its Greek system.

5.1.4 How a UH hazing case might proceed

Given UH’s location in Houston, hazing cases might involve investigations by both the University of Houston Police Department and the Houston Police Department, depending on whether the incident occurred on or off campus within the city limits. Civil lawsuits against UH, its affiliated organizations, and individuals would typically proceed in courts within Harris County, where Attorney911 operates. This central location in Houston means we are intimately familiar with the local court system and the jurisdiction involved. For U.S. Virgin Islands families whose children attend UH, the fact that an experienced Houston-based firm like Attorney911 is already actively litigating significant hazing cases at this university is a critical advantage.

5.1.5 What UH students & parents should do

For students and parents connected to the University of Houston:

• Report promptly: Utilize UH’s reporting channels through the Dean of Students, Office of Student Conduct, or UHPD immediately if you suspect hazing.
• Document evidence thoroughly: As demonstrated by the Bermudez case, detailed records (digital communications, photos of injuries, medical records) are invaluable.
• Understand prior incidents: While UH’s public disciplinary records are not as extensive as some other universities, prior known incidents, especially those published in local news sources like Click2Houston, ABC13 (https://abc13.com/post/waterboarding-forced-eating-physical-punishment-lawsuit-alleges-abuse-faced-injured-pledge-uhs-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity/18186418/), and Hoodline (https://hoodline.com/2025/11/university-of-houston-and-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity-face-10m-lawsuit-over-alleged-hazing-and-abuse/), can be powerful leverage.
• Seek legal advice from local experts: An attorney experienced in Houston-based hazing cases, such as Attorney911, can help navigate the specific nuances of jurisdiction and university processes at UH.

5.2 Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University, located in College Station, is one of the largest and most tradition-rich universities in the United States, with a fiercely loyal alumni base known as the “Aggie Network.” Its strong emphasis on tradition extends to its highly visible Greek life and, most notably, its unique Corps of Cadets program. For U.S. Virgin Islands families, Texas A&M represents a distinct departure from island life, a vast institution steeped in deeply ingrained customs that can sometimes unfortunately include hazing.

5.2.1 Campus & culture snapshot

Texas A&M is renowned for its engineering, agriculture, and veterinary medicine programs, attracting over 70,000 students. The campus culture is heavily influenced by the Corps of Cadets, a military-style program that instills a strong sense of discipline and camaraderie. Greek life also thrives, with many fraternities and sororities contributing to the social fabric. While traditions are central to TAMU’s identity, the line between cherished custom and harmful hazing has, at times, become blurred, particularly within the Corps and Greek organizations where hierarchical structures are prominent.

5.2.2 Hazing policy & reporting

Texas A&M has an explicit anti-hazing policy that mirrors state law, prohibiting any action that endangers the mental or physical health of a student for initiation or affiliation purposes. The university provides multiple avenues for reporting hazing, including its Student Conduct Office, the Texas A&M University Police Department (TAMU PD), and various anonymous reporting mechanisms. They publish an annual report of hazing violations and disciplinary actions taken against student organizations, providing a level of transparency.

5.2.3 Selected documented incidents & responses

• Corps of Cadets Hazing (2023 lawsuit): In a harrowing 2023 lawsuit, a former cadet alleged systematic and degrading hazing within the Corps of Cadets. The allegations included being physically abused, made to perform simulated sexual acts, and being bound between beds in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. The university investigated the matter, issuing disciplinary sanctions under its own rules. This incident highlights that hazing at Texas A&M isn’t confined to Greek life but can tragically occur within its revered military traditions.

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon – Chemical Burns (approx. 2021): A significant incident involved the Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) fraternity, where two pledges alleged severe hazing tactics that included being doused with substances like industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, and spit. This resulted in such severe chemical burns that one pledge required painful skin graft surgeries. The fraternity was suspended for two years by the university. While details of the lawsuit’s outcome are not fully public, the university’s response indicates a recognition of the severity of the hazing.

• Phi Gamma Delta (2018): Joseph Little, a pledge with Phi Gamma Delta, tragically collapsed and died during pledging activities that were later confirmed by university administrators to involve hazing. This incident led to significant scrutiny of the chapter’s practices and broader Greek life safety protocols.

5.2.4 How a Texas A&M hazing case might proceed

Hazing incidents at Texas A&M involve TAMU PD and, depending on the nature and location, the College Station Police Department. Civil lawsuits would be filed in Brazos County, where the university is located. These cases often involve navigating both university internal investigations and external legal actions. Attorney911’s experience with large institutional defendants is critical here, as Texas A&M, like all large state universities, is a sophisticated and well-resourced litigant. The close relationship many U.S. Virgin Islands families may feel with their children, especially when they are far from home, underscores the need for clear communication and legal guidance should such an incident occur.

5.2.5 What Texas A&M students & parents should do

For students at Texas A&M, especially those drawn to the Corps or Greek life, and their U.S. Virgin Islands families:

• Scrutinize “traditions”: Understand the subtle difference between genuine tradition and hazing. Any activity threatening mental or physical health, or involving secrecy, is hazing.
• Utilize reporting: Report concerns immediately to the Student Conduct Office or TAMU PD. Anonymous channels are available.
• Document thoroughly: Keep detailed records of physical requirements, sleep schedules, forced activities, and digital communications relevant to initiation.
• Seek legal counsel proactive: Contacting an attorney with experience in hazing cases in Texas, including those involving military-style organizations, can help ensure your rights are protected against powerful institutional defense.

5.3 University of Texas at Austin (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System, known for its academic rigor, vibrant student life, and a highly competitive Greek system. Many U.S. Virgin Islands families send their children to UT Austin due to its strong academic reputation and diverse offerings, placing them unknowingly in a challenging hazing environment.

5.3.1 Campus & culture snapshot

UT Austin is a massive public university, home to over 50,000 students. Its campus culture blends academic excellence with a lively social scene, dominated by strong athletic programs and a bustling Greek presence. The university’s official anti-hazing stance is visible, and it has made efforts to publicize hazing violations, albeit after numerous incidents. The sheer size and decentralized nature of student life can make comprehensive oversight of all student organizations challenging.

5.3.2 Hazing policy & reporting

The University of Texas at Austin explicitly prohibits hazing and provides robust mechanisms for intervention and reporting. Its policies are strictly aligned with Texas state law, defining hazing as any act that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student for initiation or affiliation purposes. Critically, UT maintains a publicly accessible Hazing Violations page online (hazing.utexas.edu), listing organizations, dates, specific conduct, and sanctions imposed. This transparency is a valuable resource for U.S. Virgin Islands families seeking to research organizations. Students can report incidents directly to the Dean of Students, Student Conduct and Academic Integrity, or the University of Texas Police Department (UTPD).

5.3.3 Selected documented incidents & responses

UT Austin’s public hazing log reveals a recurring pattern of violations across many organizations, offering a stark look into the reality of campus hazing:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (2023): The UT Hazing Violations page listed an incident involving Pi Kappa Alpha where new members were reportedly directed to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics designed to cause discomfort. The chapter was found in violation of hazing policies, placed on probation, and mandated to implement new hazing-prevention education.
• Texas Cowboys (1995 & 2018 deaths): The tradition-rich Texas Cowboys spirit organization has a tragic history of hazing. In 1995, Gabriel Higgins drowned during an initiation party involving drinking games. In 2018, the death of a “new man” during a pickup truck accident led to allegations of sleep deprivation connected to hazing. These incidents underscore the dangers lurking in even highly esteemed and visible campus groups.
• Sigma Chi (2024 suicide): The recent suicide of Sawyer Updike (18) at UT Austin, linked to allegations of hazing at Sigma Chi, highlights the devastating psychological impacts of hazing. His parents have initiated civil litigation against the fraternity and five members, seeking accountability for contributing to their son’s mental distress. This is a powerful reminder that hazing’s harm extends beyond the physical realm.

These entries, along with numerous others covering various Greek organizations and spirit groups, show a consistent struggle with hazing culture at UT. Violations frequently involve forced alcohol consumption, physical exertion, public humiliation, and sleep deprivation.

5.3.4 How a UT Austin hazing case might proceed

Hazing cases at UT Austin are often investigated by UTPD and, for off-campus incidents, the Austin Police Department. Civil litigation typically proceeds in Travis County courts. The university’s detailed public hazing log is an invaluable resource for civil cases, as it can directly demonstrate a pattern of prior misconduct by specific organizations, supporting claims of foreseeability and institutional negligence. For U.S. Virgin Islands families involved in such cases, Attorney911’s ability to leverage this public data, combined with a deep understanding of Texas law, is crucial.

5.3.5 What UT Austin students & parents should do

For UT Austin students and their U.S. Virgin Islands families:

• Review the Hazing Violations page: Before joining any organization, consult the official UT Austin Hazing Violations page (hazing.utexas.edu) to check for prior incidents.
• Report immediately: Students should not hesitate to use UT’s reporting mechanisms if they experience or witness hazing—including the anonymous options.
• Preserve digital evidence: Given the tech-savvy student body, digital communications are paramount. Screenshots of group chats, photos, or videos can make or break a case.
• Consult legal experts: An attorney experienced in Texas hazing law can interpret UT’s public records, navigate university investigations, and advise on legal actions in Travis County.

5.4 Southern Methodist University (SMU)

Southern Methodist University is a private university in Dallas, renowned for its beautiful campus, competitive academics, and thriving social scene heavily influenced by Greek life. Many U.S. Virgin Islands families might target SMU for its smaller class sizes and prestigious programs.

5.4.1 Campus & culture snapshot

SMU is a selective institution with approximately 12,000 undergraduate and graduate students. Its campus culture reflects its private status, with strong alumni networks and a significant emphasis on student organizations, particularly fraternities and sororities. Greek life is a dominant social force, often shaping campus traditions and social events. While SMU prides itself on community values, the intense competition and social pressure within Greek organizations can sometimes unfortunately lead to hazing.

5.4.2 Hazing policy & reporting

SMU has a comprehensive anti-hazing policy that is consistent with Texas law and clearly articulated in its student code of conduct. The university unequivocally prohibits any form of hazing, whether it occurs on or off campus, and outlines disciplinary actions for violations that can range from probation to organizational suspension or permanent ban. SMU provides reporting avenues through the Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards, the SMU Police Department, and an anonymous reporting system (often through platforms like LiveSafe or similar apps).

5.4.3 Selected documented incidents & responses

While SMU, as a private university, may not have the same level of public disclosure for all disciplinary actions as state institutions like UT Austin, several incidents have come to light:

• Kappa Alpha Order (2017): One prominent incident involved the Kappa Alpha Order fraternity, which was suspended following allegations of extensive hazing. Reports indicated new members were subjected to paddling, forced alcohol consumption, and severe sleep deprivation. The chapter faced a multi-year suspension and was banned from recruiting, with strict terms for potential reinstatement.
• Other Greek Life Violations: SMU’s student newspaper, The Daily Campus, has periodically reported on various Greek organizations being placed on probation, suspension, or losing their charters due to hazing, alcohol violations, or other misconduct. These reports, while not always as detailed as a formal legal record, provide valuable insight into recurring issues within SMU Greek life.

5.4.4 How an SMU hazing case might proceed

Hazing incidents at SMU are investigated by the SMU Police Department and/or the Dallas Police Department for off-campus events. Civil lawsuits against SMU, its student organizations, and individuals would be filed in Dallas County courts. As a private institution, SMU generally does not benefit from sovereign immunity, potentially simplifying certain legal avenues compared to state universities. This means legal claims against SMU might focus more directly on institutional negligence, negligent supervision, or vicarious liability for the actions of its recognized student groups. For U.S. Virgin Islands families, navigating the legal specifics of a private university requires counsel experienced with these distinct challenges.

5.4.5 What SMU students & parents should do

For students and U.S. Virgin Islands families affiliated with SMU:

• Understand private vs. public institution differences: The legal and reporting landscape at a private university differs from large public institutions, particularly concerning transparency and legal defense.
• Utilize SMU’s resources: Be aware of resources like the Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards and any anonymous reporting apps provided by the university.
• Be diligent in documentation: Even with less public information, thoroughly documenting any suspected hazing with personal records, photos, and digital communications is crucial.
• Engage experienced Dallas counsel: An attorney with experience in complex litigation against private universities in Dallas County will be best equipped to handle the unique aspects of an SMU hazing case.

5.5 Baylor University

Baylor University, located in Waco, is the oldest continuously operating university in Texas. As a private Baptist institution, it presents a unique educational environment, but like other universities, it is not immune to hazing. For U.S. Virgin Islands families, Baylor offers a distinct faith-based and rigorous academic experience.

5.5.1 Campus & culture snapshot

Baylor serves over 20,000 students and is known for its strong academic programs, vibrant athletic scene (especially football), and a campus culture deeply influenced by its Christian mission. While this mission emphasizes community and ethical conduct, Baylor has faced significant past controversies regarding institutional oversight and student safety, particularly concerning a major sexual assault scandal involving its football program. This history shapes how the university responds to all forms of student misconduct, including hazing. Greek life plays a role in student social circles, though it is often viewed through the lens of the university’s religious values.

5.5.2 Hazing policy & reporting

Baylor University strictly prohibits hazing, articulating its stance clearly in its student conduct policies, consistent with Texas law. The university asserts a “zero tolerance” policy for hazing practices, emphasizing that such activities directly contradict its mission and values. Students and concerned parties can report hazing via the Dean of Students office, the Baylor Police Department (BUPD), or the anonymous EthicsPoint hotline, which allows for confidential reporting of various misconduct issues. Baylor publishes a general anti-hazing statement on its website, committing to educating its community and holding violators accountable.

5.5.3 Selected documented incidents & responses

While Baylor does not maintain a publicly accessible, detailed log of hazing violations similar to UT Austin, incidents have emerged:

• Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020): A notable incident involved the Baylor baseball team when 14 players were suspended following a hazing investigation. The university’s response showcased its willingness to take strong disciplinary action against its athletic programs, a significant move for a school with high-profile sports. The suspensions were staggered to mitigate impact on the team’s season, but affirmed the university’s stance against hazing.
• Sexual Assault Scandal Context: Baylor’s prior major sexual assault scandal illuminated systemic failures in its reporting and response mechanisms, particularly when allegations involved high-profile student-athletes. This context is relevant for hazing cases, as it demonstrates that allegations of misconduct within powerful student groups (Greek life or athletics) can present challenges for internal investigation and accountability.

5.5.4 How a Baylor hazing case might proceed

Hazing incidents at Baylor University are investigated by BUPD and/or the Waco Police Department for off-campus occurrences. Civil lawsuits would be filed in McLennan County. Given Baylor’s experience with high-profile litigation related to student safety, they are generally well-prepared to defend against such claims. Claims against Baylor, a private institution, often focus on institutional negligence, negligent supervision, and whether the university fulfilled its duty of care to protect students. Past litigation may strengthen the argument for institutional knowledge (foreseeability) of risks associated with student group misconduct. Attorney911’s experience with complex litigation against institutions is particularly relevant for these cases.

5.5.5 What Baylor students & parents should do

For students at Baylor and their U.S. Virgin Islands families:

• Prioritize a safe environment: Understand that a faith-based institution does not guarantee immunity from hazing. Be vigilant about the activities and pressures in any organization.
• Use anonymous reporting: If uncomfortable with direct reporting, Baylor’s anonymous EthicsPoint hotline can be a valuable tool to initiate an investigation.
• Thorough documentation: Maintain meticulous records of any suspected hazing, including digital evidence, to provide a clear picture of events to investigators or legal counsel.
• Consult experienced counsel: An attorney well-versed in Texas hazing law and capable of challenging well-resourced private university defense teams can provide essential guidance.

6. FRATERNITIES & SORORITIES: CAMPUS-SPECIFIC + NATIONAL HISTORIES

For U.S. Virgin Islands families, understanding that a local fraternity or sorority chapter in Texas is often part of a vast national organization is critical. These national bodies, and their historical patterns of hazing, play a significant role in assessing liability when incidents occur at campuses like UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, or Baylor.

6.1 Why National Histories Matter

Many of the fraternities and sororities thriving at Texas universities are chapters of national organizations. These national entities, often with decades or over a century of history, maintain detailed policies, training, and oversight over their local chapters. Crucially, these national headquarters typically have thick anti-hazing manuals and strict risk management policies. They implement these, often not just as best practice, but because they have already witnessed deaths and catastrophic injuries at other chapters across the country.

This long history means that when a Texas chapter repeats the same hazing “script” that resulted in injury or death at another chapter in a different state, it can be powerful evidence. Such repeated incidents establish foreseeability – the national organization knew or should have known a particular hazing method was dangerous due to past tragedies. This foreseeability is a cornerstone of negligence arguments and can significantly impact the potential for both compensatory and punitive damages in civil lawsuits against national entities.

6.2 Organization Mapping (Synthesized)

Here, we narratively connect major fraternities and sororities present at University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, and Baylor to their national hazing histories, illustrating patterns that demonstrate foreseeability.

• Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ / Pike): Present at schools like UT Austin and Texas A&M. Nationally, Pi Kappa Alpha has a disturbing history of alcohol-related hazing. The tragic death of Stone Foltz at Bowling Green State University in 2021, where he was forced to consume a bottle of alcohol, led to a $10 million settlement with his family. The earlier death of David Bogenberger at Northern Illinois University in 2012 from alcohol poisoning further underscores a dangerous pattern within the organization. These incidents highlight that “Big/Little” drinking rituals are a known, deadly risk for Pike chapters.

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ / SAE): Active at campuses such as UT Austin, Texas A&M, and SMU. Sigma Alpha Epsilon has been infamously dubbed “America’s deadliest fraternity” by some media outlets due to a high number of hazing-related deaths and severe injuries nationwide. This includes the death of Carson Starkey at Cal Poly in 2008 and numerous other alcohol-related incidents. More recently, lawsuits have been filed alleging severe hazing: a traumatic brain injury at the University of Alabama (filed 2023) and chemical burns (from an industrial-strength cleaner poured on pledges) at Texas A&M (around 2021). An Australian exchange student also sued the UT Austin chapter in January 2024, alleging assault and injuries like a dislocated leg and fractured tibia. These incidents demonstrate a clear national pattern of violent and dangerous hazing within SAE that predates local chapter incidents.

• Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ): With chapters at UT Austin, Texas A&M, and sometimes Baylor. Nationally, Phi Delta Theta is linked to the hazing death of Maxwell “Max” Gruver at Louisiana State University in 2017. Gruver died after a “Bible study” drinking game. This incident, which led to criminal convictions and Louisiana’s Max Gruver Act, shows the deadly risk of coercive drinking rituals that can be replicated at any chapter, including those in Texas.

• Pi Kappa Phi (ΠΚΦ): Present at schools like UH and Texas A&M. Pi Kappa Phi has faced national scrutiny following the alcohol-related hazing death of Andrew Coffey at Florida State University in 2017. This national pattern resonates deeply in Texas following our firm’s active litigation in the Leonel Bermudez v. University of Houston / Pi Kappa Phi lawsuit (filed late 2025), where Bermudez suffered acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis due to alleged physical and psychological hazing. The lawsuit alleges Pi Kappa Phi national’s repeated failures to address a known hazing culture that led to such extreme physical activity and coerced consumption.

• Kappa Alpha Order (KA): Chapters exist at UT Austin, Texas A&M, SMU, and Baylor. This organization has faced multiple hazing allegations and suspensions across campuses nationally, often involving alcohol and physical conditioning. The SMU chapter, for instance, received a lengthy suspension in 2017 due to similar allegations of paddling, forced drinking, and sleep deprivation, demonstrating that these patterns affect Texas campuses directly.

• Sigma Chi (ΣΧ): Active at schools like UT Austin, Texas A&M, and others. Sigma Chi has been involved in significant hazing litigation. For example, a family received more than $10 million in damages after a pledge alleged severe physical beatings, forced drugs/alcohol, and psychological torment at the College of Charleston (2024). The University of Texas at Austin chapter is now facing a lawsuit following the suicide of Sawyer Updike (18) in 2024, with his parents alleging hazing contributed to his mental distress. This underscores the national organization’s ongoing struggle with hazing culture.

• Phi Kappa Psi (ΦΚΨ): Chapters often present at UT Austin and Texas State. This organization has been linked to severe incidents, including a pledge being set on fire during a skit at San Diego State University (2024), resulting in third-degree burns and felony charges against members. This case, while extreme, demonstrates the national pattern of dangerous and reckless hazing.

6.3 Tie back to Legal Strategy

The cumulative weight of these national hazing histories is not merely anecdotal; it forms a critical component of any legal strategy.

• Demonstrating Foreseeability: When a specific hazing ritual (e.g., a “Big/Little” drinking event) causes death at one chapter and a similar incident occurs years later at another chapter of the same national organization, it becomes difficult for the national to claim they couldn’t foresee the danger. They had explicit prior warnings through past tragedies and should have taken more effective action.
• Challenging “Rogue Chapter” Defenses: National organizations often attempt to distance themselves, claiming local chapters acted as “rogue elements” against national policy. However, a history of similar hazing incidents across multiple chapters can effectively dismantle this defense, suggesting a systemic issue rather than isolated defiance.
• Impacting Settlement and Punitive Damages: A strong pattern of past hazing can increase a plaintiff’s leverage in settlement negotiations. Furthermore, courts may be more inclined to award punitive damages against a national organization if it can be shown they acted with gross negligence or reckless indifference by failing to address a known, recurring problem.
• Revealing “Paper Policy” Failures: National organizations typically have extensive anti-hazing policies and educational programs. However, if hazing continues unabated, evidence of past incidents suggests these policies are merely “paper policies” – they exist on paper but are not genuinely enforced or effective in curbing dangerous behavior.

For U.S. Virgin Islands families whose children attend Texas universities, understanding these national patterns empowers them. It shows that the problem is widespread, often predictable, and that organizations have a long-standing awareness of the risks. This knowledge is an essential tool for holding all responsible parties accountable.

7. BUILDING A CASE: EVIDENCE, DAMAGES, STRATEGY

When a family in the U.S. Virgin Islands is faced with the aftermath of a hazing incident involving their child in Texas, building a successful legal case is paramount. It requires rigorous evidence collection, a clear understanding of potential damages, and a strategic approach honed through years of complex litigation. Our firm, Attorney911, operates under the principle that every piece of evidence, every detail, contributes to building a compelling narrative for justice.

7.1 Evidence

In modern hazing cases, evidence is dynamic and often disappears rapidly. Prompt and thorough collection is critical. As explained in Attorney911’s video on using your phone to document evidence (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs), leveraging technology is key.

• Digital Communications: This is often the most critical category of evidence in 2025. Group chat messages (from GroupMe, WhatsApp, Discord, iMessage, Instagram DMs, etc.) are invaluable. They can reveal planning, peer pressure, instructions from older members, and real-time accounts of hazing events. These messages illuminate intent, knowledge of hazing, and who was involved. Even “disappearing” messages on platforms like Snapchat are often retrievable through forensic methods or timely screenshots. Screenshots should capture the full thread, sender names, and timestamps for authenticity.
• Photos & Videos: Visual evidence, whether from smartphones, surveillance cameras (e.g., Ring doorbell footage, bar security cameras), or social media posts, directly documents injuries, humiliating acts, or the events themselves. This includes content members may have filmed for their own entertainment or as proof of “completion.” Photos of injuries, taken at multiple angles and over several days to show progression, are essential.
• Internal Organization Documents: These can include pledge manuals, initiation scripts, lists of “traditions” or “requirements,” emails or texts from officers regarding new member activities, and risk management guidelines. Subpoenas in a lawsuit can compel the production of such records from local chapters and national organizations.
• University Records: Through discovery in a lawsuit, or sometimes via public records requests for state schools, we can uncover prior disciplinary actions taken against the same chapter for hazing violations, incident reports from campus police, Clery reports (detailing campus crime statistics), and internal communications among administrators regarding the organization. These records can establish a pattern of misconduct and the university’s knowledge of risks.
• Medical and Psychological Records: Comprehensive medical documentation is vital. This includes emergency room reports, hospitalization records, lab results (e.g., blood alcohol content, electrolyte panels for rhabdomyolysis), imaging (X-rays, CT scans, MRIs), and rehabilitation notes. For psychological harm, evaluations from therapists or psychiatrists can diagnose conditions like PTSD, depression, or anxiety, establishing the mental health impact. We tell clients, “You wouldn’t hesitate to go to the doctor for a broken arm; you shouldn’t hesitate for your emotional well-being either.”
• Witness Testimony: The accounts of other pledges, current or former members, roommates, Resident Assistants (RAs), coaches, or bystanders provide firsthand perspectives. Securing these testimonies early, particularly from individuals who may feel conflicted or pressured by the organization, is a key part of our investigation. For example, in the Leonel Bermudez case at the University of Houston, testimony from other pledges is crucial to establishing the pattern of hazing.

7.2 Damages

The suffering caused by hazing, for both the victim and their family, can be profound and multifaceted. Texas law allows for the recovery of various types of damages depending on the nature and severity of the harm.

• Medical Bills & Future Care: This covers all costs associated with physical injuries, from emergency treatment and surgeries to long-term physical, occupational, or speech therapy. For catastrophic injuries like brain damage (as in the Danny Santulli case at University of Missouri) or severe organ damage (like Leonel Bermudez’s acute kidney failure), this can include tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars for future medical needs and extensive life care plans.

• Lost Earnings / Educational Impact: Hazing can force students to withdraw from school, delay graduation, or impair their ability to focus on academics. This can result in lost tuition and fees, missed employment opportunities, and a reduced lifetime earning capacity if injuries lead to permanent disabilities.

• Non-Economic Damages: These address the intangible but often devastating consequences of hazing, including:

  • Physical Pain and Suffering: The direct discomfort and agony from injuries.
  • Emotional Distress, Trauma, Humiliation: Psychological harm, including PTSD, anxiety, depression, and the profound indignity of being subjected to degrading acts. The unique cultural sensitivities of U.S. Virgin Islands families, who value respect and dignity, make this aspect particularly significant.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: The inability to participate in beloved activities, academic setbacks, and the overall diminishing of one’s quality of life.

• Wrongful Death Damages (for Families): In the most tragic cases, when hazing results in death, the surviving family members can pursue damages for:

  • Funeral and Burial Costs.
  • Loss of Companionship and Support: Recovering for the emotional and financial contributions the deceased would have made to the family.
  • Emotional Harm: Compensation for the profound grief and suffering experienced by parents, siblings, and other close family members. Attorney911 has extensive wrongful death experience (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/), having recovered millions for families in catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases.

7.3 Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

Hazing litigation often involves powerful defendants with significant resources. Therefore, understanding who to target and how to navigate insurance policies is critical.

• Institutional Defendants: National fraternities and universities often possess substantial insurance policies designed to cover such liabilities. However, their insurers may aggressively argue that hazing constitutes “intentional acts” or “criminal conduct,” which are typically excluded from coverage.
• Navigating Exclusions: This is where an experienced hazing lawyer demonstrates their value. Our firm’s associate attorney, Lupe Peña, with her background as a former insurance defense attorney (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), understands exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies operate. She knows their “playbook” – their delay tactics, coverage exclusion arguments, and settlement strategies – because she used to run it. This insider knowledge allows us to:
  • Identify all potential sources of coverage: From individual homeowner’s policies of members to multi-million-dollar umbrella policies held by national organizations and universities.
  • Challenge wrongful denials: Aggressively counter insurer arguments that hazing falls under an “intentional acts” exclusion by arguing that the institution’s negligent supervision or failure to prevent was the proximate cause, which can be covered.
  • Force defense and negotiate: Ensure that insurance companies fulfill their duty to defend the policyholders and engage in fair settlement negotiations.

Our capability to engage in complex litigation against well-resourced defendants, demonstrated by Ralph Manginello’s involvement in cases like the BP Texas City explosion litigation, ensures that we are not intimidated by large institutional adversaries. We methodically build a case that compels accountability, whether through negotiation or trial.

8. PRACTICAL GUIDES & FAQS

Navigating the aftermath of a hazing incident can be overwhelming for U.S. Virgin Islands families whose children are attending universities in Texas. This section offers practical, actionable advice for parents, students, and witnesses, emphasizing the critical steps to protect well-being and legal rights.

8.1 For Parents

Parents are often the first to notice changes in their child, but may struggle to understand the nuances of hazing.

• Warning Signs of Hazing: Be alert to unexplained injuries (bruises, burns, cuts) or vague “accidents.” Look for extreme fatigue, sleep deprivation, or drastic shifts in appetite or weight. Behavioral changes are also key: sudden secrecy around organizations, withdrawal from family or old friends, increased anxiety, irritability, or depression. Watch for excessive phone use tied to group chats, and any explicit mentions of having to “get through” something.
• How to Talk to Your Child: Approach the conversation with empathy, not accusation. Start with open-ended questions like, “How are things really going with [organization]? Is everything okay?” Reassure your child that their safety and well-being are your priority, not the organization’s status. Emphasize that you will support them regardless of their choices.
• If Your Child is Hurt: Prioritize medical care immediately, even if your child downplays it. Document everything meticulously: take clear photos of any injuries, screenshot relevant texts or social media posts, and note dates, times, and locations discussed. Retain any physical evidence like damaged clothing.
• Dealing with the University: Document all communications with university officials. Ask specific questions about prior hazing incidents involving the organization and the university’s response. Be wary of assurances that “we’re handling it internally” unless you are fully confident in their process.
• When to Talk to a Lawyer: If your child sustains significant physical or psychological harm, or if you feel the university or organization is minimizing or actively hiding what happened, it’s time to speak with an attorney. Early legal consultation can protect your child’s rights and preserve crucial evidence.

8.2 For Students / Pledges

If you are a student or pledge debating whether an activity is hazing, trust your instincts.

• Is This Hazing or Just Tradition? Ask yourself: Am I being told to keep secrets? Does this activity make me feel unsafe, embarrassed, humiliated, or coerced? Am I being forced to drink, endure pain, or perform degrading tasks? Are older members doing things to new members that they don’t do themselves? If the answer is yes to any of these, it’s very likely hazing, regardless of how it’s labeled.
• Why “Consent” Isn’t the End of the Story: The pressure to belong, the fear of exclusion, and the power imbalance in initiation rites mean “consent” is often not truly voluntary. Texas law directly addresses this, stating consent is not a defense to hazing. Your desire to “fit in” does not justify illegal or dangerous acts.
• Exiting and Reporting Safely: You have the legal right to leave any organization at any time. If you feel unsafe, remove yourself from the situation and seek assistance from a trusted adult (RA, professor, parent). Report the hazing through university channels (Dean of Students, Title IX Coordinator, anonymous hotlines) or local law enforcement. Many schools offer good-faith reporting amnesty for those who call for help in an emergency, protecting you from disciplinary action for other violations (e.g., underage drinking).
• Good-Faith Reporting and Amnesty: Many schools and Texas law encourage students to call for help by offering protections. If you call 911 for someone in medical distress due to alcohol or drugs, you generally won’t face disciplinary action for underage drinking.

8.3 For Former Members / Witnesses

If you are a former member or witness to hazing, your bravery can be life-saving.

• Your Role in Accountability: While you might feel guilt or fear repercussions, your testimony and any evidence you possess can prevent future harm to other students. Lawyers can help you understand your legal position and potential protections as a witness or cooperating party.
• Navigating Legal Exposure: If you participated in hazing, you might have legal exposure. However, cooperating with authorities (police, university, or civil lawyers) can sometimes lead to reduced penalties. Seeking your own legal counsel to guide you through this process is advisable.

8.4 Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

For U.S. Virgin Islands families, understanding these common pitfalls is vital for protecting your legal options:

MISTAKES THAT CAN RUIN YOUR HAZING CASE:

1. Letting your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence
   • What parents think: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble”
   • Why it’s wrong: Looks like a cover-up; can be obstruction of justice; makes case nearly impossible.
   • What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately, even embarrassing content, by taking screenshots. Our firm’s video on using your cellphone to document a legal case (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) provides essential guidance.
2. Confronting the fraternity/sorority directly
   • What parents think: “I’m going to give them a piece of my mind”
   • Why it’s wrong: They immediately lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses, and prepare defenses.
   • What to do instead: Document everything, then call a lawyer before any confrontation.
3. Signing university “release” or “resolution” forms
   • What universities do: Pressure families to sign waivers or “internal resolution” agreements.
   • Why it’s wrong: You may waive your right to sue; settlements are often far below case value.
   • What to do instead: Do NOT sign anything without an attorney reviewing it first.
4. Posting details on social media before talking to a lawyer
   • What families think: “I want people to know what happened.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys screenshot everything; inconsistencies hurt credibility; can waive privilege.
   • What to do instead: Document privately; let your lawyer control public messaging.
5. Letting your child go back to “one last meeting”
   • What fraternities say: “Come talk to us before you do anything drastic.”
   • Why it’s wrong: They pressure, intimidate, or extract statements that hurt the case.
   • What to do instead: Once you’re considering legal action, all communication goes through your lawyer.
6. Waiting “to see how the university handles it”
   • What universities promise: “We’re investigating; let us handle this internally.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate, statute of limitations runs, university controls narrative.
   • What to do instead: Preserve evidence NOW; consult lawyer immediately; university process ≠ real accountability.
7. Talking to insurance adjusters without a lawyer
   • What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process the claim.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Recorded statements are used against you; early settlements are lowball.
   • What to do instead: Politely decline and say, “My attorney will contact you.”
   • For a deeper dive into common errors, watch our video on client mistakes that can ruin your injury case: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY

8.5 Short FAQ

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
  Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin) often claim sovereign immunity, but exceptions exist for severe negligence, civil rights violations (e.g., Title IX), or when suing individuals in their personal capacity. Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections. Every case depends on its specific facts—contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a case-specific analysis.
• “Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
  It can be. While hazing is a Class B misdemeanor by default in Texas, it escalates to a state jail felony if the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Individuals, including officers, can also face misdemeanor charges for failing to report hazing or retaliating against a reporter.
• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
  Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing charges. Legal precedent and psychological research recognize that “agreement” under duress, peer pressure, or fear of exclusion is not true voluntary consent.
• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
  Generally, Texas has a 2-year statute of limitations from the date of injury or death. However, this period can be extended by the “discovery rule” if the harm or its cause wasn’t immediately known. In cases involving cover-ups or fraud, the statute may be tolled (paused). Time is critical; evidence disappears quickly. For more details, watch our video on the statute of limitations: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c. Call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately.
• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
  The location of hazing does not eliminate liability. Universities and national fraternities can still be held liable based on their sponsorship, control, knowledge, and the foreseeability of hazing occurring off-campus. Many significant hazing cases, such as the Pi Delta Psi retreat death, occurred at off-campus locations and still resulted in substantial judgments against the organizations.
• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  Most hazing cases settle confidentially before ever reaching a public trial. We prioritize your family’s privacy and, where possible, can work to negotiate sealed court records and confidential settlement terms. Our focus is on achieving accountability while protecting your family’s interests.

9. ABOUT THE MANGINELLO LAW FIRM + CALL TO ACTION

When your U.S. Virgin Islands family faces the devastating impact of a hazing incident in Texas, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need tenacious attorneys who understand the complex and often clandestine world of campus organizations, how powerful institutions fight back, and how to fight for genuine accountability. Attorney911 is a Texas hazing litigation firm that brings this specialized experience to your family.

9.1 Why Attorney911 for Hazing Cases

The Manginello Law Firm, operating as Attorney911, is a Houston-based Texas personal injury firm with a distinct edge in hazing litigation, an edge that is particularly valuable for U.S. Virgin Islands families navigating a distant legal system during a crisis.

Our unique qualifications for handling hazing cases include:

• Insurance Insider Advantage (Lupe Peña): Our associate attorney, Lupe Peña, brings invaluable insight. As a former insurance defense attorney at a national firm (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), she understands exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies operate. She knows their delay tactics, their arguments for denying coverage, and their settlement strategies because she used to run their playbook. This insider knowledge allows us to anticipate their moves, compelling them to treat your claim seriously.
• Complex Litigation Against Massive Institutions (Ralph Manginello): Our managing partner, Ralph Manginello (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/), possesses a proven track record in complex litigation. With experience in cases like the BP Texas City explosion and extensive federal court work (U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas), we are not intimidated by national fraternities, multi-billion dollar universities, or their well-funded defense teams. We have successfully taken on powerful defendants and know how to fight for your rights.
• Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death and Catastrophic Injury Experience: Our firm has achieved significant multi-million dollar results in wrongful death and catastrophic injury cases (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/). We understand how to thoroughly investigate and accurately value the devastating impact of hazing, including lifetime care needs for severe injuries like brain damage or rhabdomyolysis, as seen in the Leonel Bermudez case at the University of Houston.
• Dual Criminal and Civil Hazing Expertise: Ralph’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) ensures that we understand the intricate intersection of criminal hazing charges and civil litigation. This dual perspective is crucial for providing comprehensive guidance, whether facing criminal exposure or pursuing civil damages.
• Aggressive Investigative Depth: We work with a network of experts, including medical professionals, digital forensic specialists (to recover deleted messages), and economists. Our meticulous investigation processes delve deep into local chapter records, national fraternity files, and university documents, leaving no stone unturned.
• Client-Centered Empathy: We understand that a hazing incident causes profound trauma and confusion, especially when you are thousands of miles away in the U.S. Virgin Islands. We prioritize listening without judgment, offering clear explanations, and providing unwavering support throughout the complex legal journey. Our firm is founded on the principle that your child’s emotional and physical well-being comes first.

From our Houston office, we are strategically positioned to serve families throughout Texas, including those in the U.S. Virgin Islands whose children attend universities across the state. Whether the incident occurred at UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, or Baylor, we understand the distinct institutional cultures and legal landscapes involved.

9.2 Call to Action

If you or your child, whether from the U.S. Virgin Islands or anywhere across Texas, has experienced hazing at any Texas campus, you don’t have to face this trauma alone. Families in the U.S. Virgin Islands and throughout the surrounding region have the right to answers, justice, and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We will listen to your story, explain your legal options, and help you understand the best path forward for your family. There is no cost for this initial consultation, and our contingency fee structure means we don’t get paid unless we win your case. Watch our video explaining contingency fees: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc.

What to expect in your free and confidential consultation:

• We will listen to your story with compassion and without judgment.
• We will review any evidence you have collected (photos, texts, medical records).
• We will explain your legal options, including criminal reporting, pursuing a civil lawsuit, or both.
• We will discuss realistic timelines and what the legal process typically entails.
• We will answer all your questions about costs, fees, and Attorney911’s unique approach to hazing cases.
• There is no pressure to hire us on the spot; we want you to take the time to make an informed decision.

Protect your child’s future and seek the justice they deserve.

Call us today:

• Emergency Hotline: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• Direct Line: (713) 528-9070
• Cell: (713) 443-4781 (Ralph Manginello for immediate needs)
• Website: https://attorney911.com
• Email: ralph@atty911.com

Spanish-language services are available. Contact Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com for a consultation in Spanish. Hablamos Español.

Whether you’re in the U.S. Virgin Islands concerned about your child in Texas, or if you reside anywhere across the Lone Star State, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to navigate this challenging journey alone. Call us today.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com