Navigating Hazing and Accountability in Texas: A Guide for Bandera County Families

The crisp Bandera County air, the quiet charm of the Hill Country – for many families here, home represents safety and tradition. Yet, across Texas, including at the very universities where our Bandera County students build their futures, a darker, more dangerous set of traditions can lurk: hazing. Imagine your child, a hopeful freshman from Bandera, starting their journey at a proud Texas university. It’s bid night or initiation weekend, but instead of celebration, they face forced drinking in an off-campus house, extreme physical exertion at a secluded park, or humiliating acts captured on a secret group chat. They feel trapped, pressured to endure for the sake of belonging, caught between a desire for acceptance and a terrifying risk to their well-being.

This isn’t a hypothetical nightmare; it’s the harsh reality for countless families across the Lone Star State, from the bustling campuses of Houston and Austin to the storied halls of College Station and Waco. When your child embarks on their college adventure, they should be focused on academics, personal growth, and building positive relationships, not enduring dangerous, degrading, or illegal rituals that threaten their mental and physical health. The Manginello Law Firm / Attorney911 exists to stand with families in Bandera County and throughout Texas when these worst fears come true. We believe that no student should suffer in silence, and no institution should evade accountability for enabling dangerous hazing.

This comprehensive guide is your essential resource for understanding the complex world of hazing, the specific challenges at Texas universities like UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, and Baylor, and the legal pathways available to families in Bandera County if tragedy strikes. We’ll demystify what hazing truly looks like in 2025, explain the critical legal framework in Texas and federally, and illuminate how major national cases have shaped the fight for justice. Most importantly, we’ll equip you with practical guidance on how to recognize, respond to, and ultimately seek accountability for hazing wherever it may occur.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
    • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
    • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity/sorority
    • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
    • Post details on public social media
    • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
  • Universities move quickly to control the narrative
  • We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like

For Bandera County families, the image of hazing might still be stuck in a movie scene from decades past – a harmless paddle swat, a silly prank. But hazing in 2025 is far more insidious, dangerous, and technologically advanced. It preys on a student’s desire to belong, transforming what should be a positive rite of passage into a physical and psychological gauntlet. Understanding the true nature of modern hazing is the first step toward protecting our children.

Clear, Modern Definition of Hazing

At its core, hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action connected to joining, keeping membership, or gaining status in any student organization, where that behavior endangers the physical or mental health, humiliates, or exploits another student. It’s crucial to understand that “I agreed to it” does not automatically mean it’s safe or legal. When subjected to intense peer pressure, a power imbalance from older members, and the fear of social exclusion or being “cut,” a student’s “consent” is often compromised and legally invalid.

Main Categories of Hazing

Modern hazing manifests in diverse and often overlapping ways:

• Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This remains the most common and deadliest form of hazing. It involves forced or coerced drinking, often to dangerous levels, through activities like chugging challenges, “lineups” where pledges are forced to consume multiple drinks in rapid succession, or structured drinking games designed for extreme intoxication. It also includes being pressured to consume unknown substances or dangerous combinations of alcohol and drugs.

• Physical Hazing: This category covers a wide range of abuses, from brutal beatings and paddling to extreme calisthenics, forced “workouts,” or “smokings” (punitive exercises) that push students far beyond safe physical limits. Sleep deprivation, enforced through late-night “meetings” or tasks, and food or water deprivation are also common and dangerously debilitating forms of physical hazing. Students may be subjected to exposure to extreme cold or heat, or forced into dangerous environments, leading to serious injury or illness.

• Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: These acts are among the most degrading and traumatic. They can include forced nudity or partial nudity, simulated sexual acts (such as “elephant walks” or “roasted pig” poses), or being made to wear degrading costumes or accessories. Often, these acts have racial, homophobic, or sexist undertones, designed to demean individuals based on their identity.

• Psychological Hazing: While sometimes less visible, psychological hazing inflicts profound and lasting harm. This includes constant verbal abuse, threats, and intimidation tactics designed to break down self-esteem. Social isolation, where new members are forbidden from interacting with non-members, is a powerful control mechanism. Manipulation, forced confessions, and public shaming, sometimes orchestrated through social media, contribute to a culture of fear and anxiety.

• Digital/Online Hazing: With the ubiquity of smartphones and social media, hazing has moved into the digital realm. This includes group chat dares, challenges, and forced public humiliation via platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, and Discord. Students can be pressured to create or share compromising images or videos of themselves or others, blurring the lines of personal privacy and safety. Often, victims are subjected to 24/7 digital monitoring, with demands for instant responses and location tracking, leading to constant anxiety and sleep deprivation.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

It’s a common misconception that hazing is exclusively a “frat boy” problem. The unfortunate reality is that hazing rituals are embedded in a diverse range of student organizations beyond traditional Greek life:

• Fraternities and Sororities: This includes social Greek organizations under the Interfraternity Council (IFC) and Panhellenic Association, as well as historically Black (NPHC) and multicultural Greek-letter organizations.
• Corps of Cadets / ROTC / Military-Style Groups: These organizations, with their emphasis on hierarchy and tradition, can sometimes foster environments where aggressive “initiation” tactics are misconstrued as discipline or team-building.
• Spirit Squads, Tradition Clubs, and Student Groups: Groups like the Texas Cowboys (UT Austin) or various spirit organizations, while promoting school pride, have faced scrutiny for hazing activities.
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to baseball, swimming, and cheerleading squads, professional and collegiate teams alike have documented hazing incidents involving both physical abuse and humiliating rituals.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even organizations dedicated to artistic expression or academic pursuits are not immune to hazing, underscoring that the drive for group cohesion can be twisted into abusive practices.
• Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: While less common, instances of hazing have been reported in groups that seemingly prioritize positive community engagement or intellectual pursuits.

The common thread across all these settings is often the intertwined presence of social status, uncritical adherence to “tradition,” and a strict code of secrecy. These elements allow hazing to persist, often driven underground, even when university policies and state laws explicitly forbid it.

Law & Liability Framework (Texas + Federal)

For Bandera County families, understanding the legal landscape around hazing in Texas is crucial. Both state and federal laws, alongside university policies, aim to prevent hazing and hold those responsible accountable.

Texas Hazing Law Basics (Education Code)

Texas has clear and robust anti-hazing provisions primarily housed within the Texas Education Code – Chapter 37, Subchapter F. This legislation broadly defines hazing as any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, conducted on or off campus, by an individual or a group, against a student, that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, AND
• Occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students.

In plain English, if someone makes a student perform acts that are dangerous, humiliating, or exploit them, and this is done to join or remain in a group (whether or not the student “agrees”), that constitutes hazing under Texas law. The term “reckless” is particularly important, meaning hazers don’t need malicious intent; merely knowing the risks and proceeding anyway is sufficient.

• Criminal Penalties: Hazing in Texas can lead to serious criminal charges.

  • A basic hazing offense is typically a Class B Misdemeanor.
  • If the hazing causes bodily injury requiring medical attention, it escalates to a Class A Misdemeanor.
  • Critically, if hazing causes serious bodily injury (e.g., permanent disfigurement, impairment) or death, it becomes a State Jail Felony.
  • Additionally, any current or former student, or organizational volunteer convicted of hazing or failing to report hazing, can face a denial of a license or permit by a state agency.
  • Failing to report hazing, if you are a member or officer and knew about it, is also a misdemeanor. Retaliating against someone who reports hazing is similarly a misdemeanor. These provisions are designed to break the code of silence.

• Reporter Protections: Texas law also includes provisions for immunity for good-faith reporting. This means a person who, in good faith, reports a hazing incident to university authorities or law enforcement is generally immune from civil or criminal liability stemming from that report. Furthermore, many university policies and a growing number of state laws offer amnesty for students who call 911 in a medical emergency, even if the emergency involved underage drinking or hazing, prioritizing saving a life over prosecuting minor offenses.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases

Understanding the distinction between criminal and civil hazing cases in Texas is vital for families seeking justice.

• Criminal Cases: These are brought by the state (prosecutors) against individuals or organizations for violating Texas hazing laws. The primary goal of a criminal case is punishment, which can include jail time, fines, and probation. Common hazing-related criminal charges can range from hazing itself, to furnishing alcohol to minors, assault, battery, and in the most tragic circumstances, even manslaughter or negligent homicide.

• Civil Cases: These are initiated by victims or their surviving family members (plaintiffs) against individuals, organizations, and institutions for the harm suffered due to hazing. The objective of a civil case is monetary compensation for damages (medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering) and to compel accountability. Civil claims in hazing cases often involve allegations of negligence, gross negligence, wrongful death, negligent hiring or supervision, premises liability, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.

It is important to note that criminal and civil cases can proceed independently. A criminal conviction is not a prerequisite for pursuing a civil lawsuit, and vice-versa. An experienced hazing attorney can help families navigate both legal avenues.

Federal Overlay: Stop Campus Hazing Act, Title IX, Clery

Beyond state law, federal regulations add another layer of protection and accountability:

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This landmark federal legislation mandates that colleges and universities receiving federal financial assistance adhere to new requirements aimed at increasing transparency and prevention around hazing. By around 2026, institutions will be required to:

  • Publicly report all hazing violations and the sanctions imposed.
  • Implement comprehensive hazing prevention programs.
  • Maintain publicly accessible data on hazing incidents. This will provide Bandera County families with unprecedented insight into which institutions and organizations have a history of hazing violations.

• Title IX & Clery Act:

  • Title IX protects individuals from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance. If hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, or creates a sexually hostile environment, Title IX obligations are triggered, requiring universities to investigate and address the misconduct.
  • The Clery Act requires colleges and universities to disclose information about crime on and around their campuses, including certain criminal offenses. Hazing incidents that involve assault, liquor law violations, drug abuse violations, or even sexual offenses can fall under Clery reporting requirements, further compelling transparency from institutions.

Who Can Be Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit

Holding responsible parties accountable is a cornerstone of civil hazing litigation. Depending on the specifics of the incident, liability can extend to multiple individuals and entities:

• Individual Students: Those who actively planned, encouraged, supplied substances, or directly carried out hazing acts can be held personally liable. This also includes those who were aware of the hazing and failed to intervene or report, in some cases.
• Local Chapter / Organization: The fraternity, sorority, club, or team itself, if it operates as a legal entity, can be sued. Chapter officers and leaders who organized or condoned hazing are particularly vulnerable to liability.
• National Fraternity/Sorority: The national headquarters, as the parent organization, often faces liability. This can stem from negligent supervision of their chapters, failure to enforce anti-hazing policies, or turning a blind eye to a history of hazing within their organization. Their liability often hinges on what they knew or should have known from prior incidents at other chapters nationwide.
• University or Governing Board: The educational institution itself, along with its board of regents or trustees, can be held responsible. Theories of liability can include negligent supervision, failure to warn, deliberate indifference to known hazing, premises liability (if the hazing occurred on university property), or in some cases, a breach of Title IX or Clery Act duties. Public universities, like UH, Texas A&M, and UT, may assert sovereign immunity, but exceptions often apply, particularly in cases of gross negligence or where federal civil rights are implicated. Private universities, such as SMU and Baylor, typically have fewer immunity protections.
• Third Parties: In certain situations, other entities might share liability. This can include landlords of off-campus houses where hazing occurred, bars or alcohol suppliers who illegally served minors (under dram shop laws), or event organizers and security companies who failed to maintain a safe environment.

Every hazing case is fact-specific, and identifying all potentially liable parties requires a thorough investigation by experienced legal counsel.

National Hazing Case Patterns (Anchor Stories)

Hazing, in its most tragic forms, has left an indelible mark on families and campuses across the United States. The Manginello Law Firm understands that these national anchor cases aren’t just headlines; they are vital precedents that underscore foreseeability, expose patterns of institutional failure, and ultimately impact how hazing cases are litigated and resolved for families in Bandera County and across Texas.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death Pattern

The pattern of alcohol-related hazing deaths is tragically consistent, demonstrating a severe and predictable risk that national organizations and universities often fail to mitigate.

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State University, Beta Theta Pi (2017): In a case that shocked the nation, 19-year-old Timothy Piazza died after a “bid acceptance” night where he was forced to consume dangerous amounts of alcohol. Fraternity house security cameras captured him falling repeatedly, suffering severe head injuries. Members waited nearly 12 hours to call 911, showcasing a callous disregard for his life and a desperate attempt at a cover-up. The aftermath saw dozens of criminal charges against fraternity members, civil litigation with confidential settlements, and the passage of the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law in Pennsylvania. This case fundamentally altered how alcohol hazing is viewed legally, highlighting the deadly consequences of delayed medical attention and a pervasive culture of silence.

• Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017): Just months after Piazza’s death, 20-year-old Andrew Coffey died of acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” event. Pledges were given handles of hard liquor and pressured to consume them quickly. Multiple fraternity members were criminally prosecuted, mostly pleading guilty to misdemeanor hazing. The incident led to FSU temporarily suspending all Greek life activities and prompted a statewide anti-hazing movement, pushing for stronger laws. Coffey’s death, tragically similar to many others, underscores the deadly “tradition” of forced drinking on pledge nights.

• Maxwell “Max” Gruver – Louisiana State University, Phi Delta Theta (2017): Also in 2017, 18-year-old Max Gruver died with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.495% (nearly six times the legal limit for driving) after a “Bible study” drinking game. Pledges were forced to chug high-proof alcohol for answering questions incorrectly. Max’s death led to the enactment of the Max Gruver Act in Louisiana, making felony hazing punishable by up to five years in prison. This case powerfully illustrates how seemingly innocuous “games” are thinly veiled hazing tactics that can turn deadly.

• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021): In another tragic “Big/Little” tradition, 20-year-old Stone Foltz was forced to consume an entire handle of bourbon. He died three days later from alcohol poisoning. The case resulted in multiple criminal convictions against fraternity members for hazing-related charges, with some receiving jail time. Critically, Stone’s family reached a $10 million settlement in 2023, with $7 million from Pi Kappa Alpha national and nearly $3 million from Bowling Green State University, demonstrating the immense financial liability faced by both fraternities and the institutions that oversee them. This settlement also underscored the critical role of the university’s responsibility.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing Pattern

Hazing isn’t just about alcohol; brutal physical and ritualized abuse also leaves a trail of severe injuries and deaths.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013): Michael Deng died after a horrific hazing ritual during a fraternity retreat in the Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania. Blindfolded and wearing a heavy backpack, he was repeatedly tackled in a “glass ceiling” ritual. Fraternity members delayed calling 911 for over an hour, even trying to cover up the incident before seeking medical help. Michael died from a traumatic brain injury. The aftermath was unprecedented: multiple members received criminal convictions, and the national fraternity itself was criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter, subsequently banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years. This landmark case proves that off-campus locations offer no shield from accountability and that entire organizations can be held criminally liable.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse

Hazing’s reach extends far beyond Greek life, infiltrating competitive athletic programs and demonstrating that the drive for team cohesion can, tragically, morph into abuse.

• Northwestern University Athletics Hazing Scandal (2023–2025): In a series of allegations that shook collegiate sports, former Northwestern University football players came forward with claims of widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the program spanning multiple years. The incidents included forced nude “dry-humping” drills and other sexually abusive acts, fostering a culture of fear and silence. Multiple players filed lawsuits against the university and its coaching staff, leading to the termination of long-time head coach Pat Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald later filed a wrongful-termination lawsuit against the university, which was reportedly settled confidentially in August 2025. This scandal highlighted that hazing often thrives in environments of high-stakes competition and that institutions can be held liable for failing to address such systemic abuse, regardless of the type of student organization involved.

What These Cases Mean for Texas Families

These national cases reveal critical patterns that deeply concern Bandera County families with students at Texas universities. Repeated themes emerge: coerced alcohol consumption, barbaric physical abuse, psychological manipulation, a pervasive code of silence, and a catastrophic delay in seeking medical help. These “traditions,” often defended as harmless bonding, are deadly.

What we learn from these tragedies is that accountability often only follows after severe injury or death. However, these cases also establish crucial legal precedents: they demonstrate that national organizations can be held liable for their chapters’ actions, that universities bear a responsibility for student safety, and that juries are willing to award multi-million-dollar settlements or verdicts for the profound harm caused by hazing. For a Bandera County family whose child has suffered hazing at a Texas university, these cases are not just distant news; they are the foundation upon which strong civil suits are built, serving as powerful evidence of foreseeability and a nationwide pattern of misconduct that demands an end.

Texas Focus: UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor

For Bandera County families, understanding the specific hazing landscape at prominent Texas universities is paramount, especially since many of our local students attend these institutions. While we are located in the heart of the Hill Country, many of our children choose to pursue higher education at a variety of schools across the state. This section not only provides insights into the culture and hazing history of these major universities but also explains how legal cases against them might proceed. Since many Bandera County families have a strong connection to Texas A&M University, we will dedicate extra attention to their unique campus culture and relevant incidents.

5.1 Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University in College Station holds a special place in the hearts of many Bandera County families, drawing numerous students from our community with its rich traditions and academic programs. Located approximately two-and-a-half hours east of Bandera, A&M’s campus culture is deeply influenced by its military roots, with both vibrant Greek life and the iconic Corps of Cadets shaping the student experience.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot (Texas A&M)

Texas A&M is a colossal public university known for its fervent traditions, strong sense of community, and the pervasive presence of the Corps of Cadets. While Greek life is active, it coexists with the highly structured and tradition-laden environment of the Corps. For Bandera County students, A&M offers a strong academic reputation and a unique campus experience that blends academic rigor with deeply ingrained customs. However, some of these traditions, both within Greek organizations and the Corps, can, unfortunately, cross the line into hazing.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels (Texas A&M)

Texas A&M has a clear anti-hazing policy, emphasizing that hazing is illegal under state law and strictly prohibited by university rules. Their policy broadly defines hazing to include any act that causes or is reasonably likely to cause physical injury, mental or emotional distress, or degradation, for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. A&M provides several reporting mechanisms, including the Department of Student Life, the Office of the Dean of Student’s Hazing Review Committee, and the Texas A&M University Police Department (TAMUPD). They also offer an anonymous reporting form.

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses (Texas A&M)

Texas A&M has faced significant scrutiny over hazing incidents, particularly within both its Greek system and the Corps of Cadets:

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon Lawsuit (around 2021): In a deeply disturbing incident, pledges within a Texas A&M chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon alleged severe hazing that included being covered in various substances, cruelly mixed with an industrial-strength cleaner. This resulted in severe chemical burns for at least one pledge, necessitating emergency skin graft surgeries. The national fraternity suspended the chapter, and multiple pledges pursued legal action. This case highlights the extreme physical danger that can arise from so-called “initiation rituals.”
• Corps of Cadets Hazing (2023): The Corps, renowned for its discipline, has also faced allegations of hazing. In a particular lawsuit filed around 2023, a former cadet alleged degrading hazing, including simulated sexual acts and being bound between beds in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. While Texas A&M stated it handled the matter under its internal regulations, the lawsuit sought over $1 million in damages, underscoring the severity and psychological impact of such rituals, even within highly structured environments.
• Texas A&M Aggie Bonfire Collapse (1999): While not traditional hazing, the tragic collapse of the student-built Aggie Bonfire, which killed 12 and injured 27, raised profound questions about student-led traditions, institutional oversight, and the blurred lines between ritual and reckless endangerment. The subsequent lawsuits and settlements solidified the university’s responsibility for student safety in tradition-bound activities.

5.1.4 How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

For Bandera County families, pursuing a hazing case originating at Texas A&M involves navigating multiple jurisdictions and powerful entities. Investigations would likely involve TAMUPD or the College Station Police Department if the incident occurred off-campus. Civil suits would typically be filed in state district courts in Brazos County (where College Station is located) or potentially in federal court, depending on the claims. Potential defendants could include the individual students, the local chapter, the national fraternity/sorority, and potentially Texas A&M University (though as a public institution, it often asserts sovereign immunity, which may require arguing exceptions like gross negligence or federal civil rights violations).

5.1.5 What Texas A&M Students & Parents Should Do

• Understand Reporting Channels: Familiarize yourselves with Texas A&M’s policies and reporting avenues, including the Office of the Dean of Student Life and TAMUPD. While these are initial steps, remember that university investigations are not the same as legal action.
• Document Aggie Traditions: Be aware that “traditions” should never involve degradation, physical harm, or forced alcohol consumption. Document any unusual or secretive activities, especially those that conflict with official policies.
• Preserve Evidence Diligently: Given the strong sense of loyalty often found at A&M, preserving digital and physical evidence is crucial. Screenshots of group chats, photos of injuries, and accounts of witnesses are invaluable, particularly if there is internal pressure to keep silent.
• Consult Bandera County Lawyers Experienced in Hazing: For Bandera County families, speaking with an attorney experienced in Texas hazing cases, such as Attorney911, is vital. We understand the specific nuances of A&M’s campus culture and the legal strategies needed to successfully pursue claims against both student organizations and the university.

5.2 University of Houston (UH)

The University of Houston, a bustling urban campus located in the heart of the city, serves as a significant higher education hub in Southeast Texas, drawing students from Bandera County and across the state.

5.2.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot (UH)

UH is one of Texas’s largest universities, characterized by its diverse student body and robust student life. Greek life is active and varied, encompassing a wide range of fraternities and sororities alongside numerous other student organizations. This dynamic urban environment offers many opportunities but also presents challenges in monitoring all student activities, especially off-campus.

5.2.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels (UH)

The University of Houston maintains a strict anti-hazing policy, explicitly prohibiting any organization, or any of its members, from engaging in hazing activities — whether on or off campus. Their policy covers forced consumption of alcohol or drugs, physical mistreatment, mental distress, and other forms of humiliation. UH provides clear reporting channels through the Dean of Students Office, the Office of Student Conduct, and the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD), along with online reporting forms. The university also publishes information regarding hazing sanctions on its website, albeit with varying levels of detail compared to some other institutions.

5.2.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses (UH)

UH has unfortunately experienced its share of hazing incidents, highlighting the persistent challenges even with clear policies.

• Pi Kappa Alpha Lawsuit (2016): A particularly notable incident involved the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. Pledges allegedly suffered from severe sleep, food, and water deprivation over an extended period. Tragically, one student sustained a lacerated spleen after reportedly being slammed against a hard surface. This incident led to significant criminal and administrative actions, including misdemeanor hazing charges against various members and a university suspension for the chapter.
• Other Disciplinary Actions: UH’s records also reflect a pattern of disciplinary actions against fraternities and sororities for behaviors categorized as hazing. These often include alcohol misuse, “likely to produce mental or physical discomfort” conduct, and general policy violations, leading to suspensions, probationary periods, and requirements for increased educational programming.

5.2.4 How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

Hazing cases at UH, particularly those that result in criminal acts, typically involve UHPD. For incidents occurring off-campus but within Houston, the Houston Police Department (HPD) would also have jurisdiction. Civil lawsuits stemming from hazing at UH would be filed in Harris County courts, or potentially federal court if federal claims (e.g., Title IX) are involved. Defendants could include individual students, the local chapter, the national organization, and potentially the University of Houston itself, though as a public entity, it might invoke sovereign immunity.

5.2.5 What UH Students & Parents Should Do

• Utilize UH Reporting Resources: UH has established clear reporting channels. Familiarize yourself with these, but understand that university investigations do not replace legal action.
• Document Any UH Incidents Thoroughly: Given that UH does publicly list some disciplinary actions, documenting any hazing and its relation to previous findings can strengthen a claim.
• Seek Legal Counsel Promptly: For Bandera County families, contacting a Houston-based hazing attorney can be beneficial. Attorney911 operates directly within Houston, offering invaluable local insight and experience to navigate the complexities of a UH hazing case. Our team understands the local legal landscape and university’s specific protocols.

5.3 The University of Texas at Austin (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin is a flagship institution for many students across Texas, including some from Bandera County drawn to its academic reputation and vibrant city life. Its campus sprawls across the heart of Austin, a city known for its “Keep Austin Weird” ethos, but like any large university, it grapples with serious issues like hazing.

5.3.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot (UT)

UT Austin boasts a massive student body and a highly influential Greek life system, alongside a plethora of spirit organizations and athletic teams. The campus culture is energetic and diverse, but its sheer size and the presence of numerous student groups can make oversight challenging. Students from Bandera County often choose UT for its strong academic programs and the appeal of Austin’s unique urban environment.

5.3.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin has a clear anti-hazing policy derived from Texas state law. Their policy emphasizes a zero-tolerance stance against any hazing activity, whether on or off university property. UT is particularly notable for its publicly accessible Hazing Violations page on its website, which transparently lists organizations, dates of violation, detailed descriptions of misconduct, and sanctions imposed. Reporting channels include the Dean of Students Office, the Student Conduct and Academic Integrity office, and the University of Texas Police Department (UTPD).

5.3.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses (UT)

UT’s public hazing log provides a candid look into the recurring nature of hazing despite robust policies:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (2023): The log meticulously details an incident where new members were forced to consume large quantities of milk and perform strenuous calisthenics on multiple occasions. This led to a finding of hazing, severe chapter probation, and a mandate for new hazing-prevention education. This specific incident illustrates that, even for nationally recognized fraternities, unlawful and dangerous practices persist.
• Texas Cowboys (2018): This prestigious spirit and service organization faced severe repercussions when a “new man” tragically died in a car accident. While the university initially cited alcohol consumption and distracted driving, allegations of extreme sleep deprivation and forced activities during the pledge process emerged, leading to the temporary suspension of the organization. UT’s subsequent investigation found hazing violations.
• Ongoing Pattern: A review of UT’s public log reveals numerous instances across various fraternities, sororities, and other student groups involving forced alcohol consumption, physical abuse during “brotherhood retreats,” degrading servitude, and various forms of psychological torment. Sanctions range from conduct probation to lengthy suspensions and outright bans. The continuity of such entries underscores the challenge of eradicating hazing.

5.3.4 How a UT Austin Hazing Case Might Proceed

For Bandera County families, a hazing incident at UT Austin would involve UTPD for on-campus incidents or the Austin Police Department (APD) for off-campus events. Civil claims would be filed in Travis County, or potentially federal courts, against individuals, the chapter, the national organization, and often the University of Texas itself. The existence of UT’s public hazing log can be highly advantageous for plaintiffs, as it directly provides established “pattern evidence” that can demonstrate the university’s and national organization’s prior knowledge of hazing issues within specific chapters.

5.3.5 What UT Austin Students & Parents Should Do

• Review the UT Hazing Violations Log: Bandera County families should actively consult the public records maintained by UT Austin. This resource is invaluable for assessing the risk profile of particular organizations.
• Document and Report to UT Authorities: If hazing occurs, students and parents should use UT’s official reporting systems. This creates a formal record, even while pursuing legal avenues.
• Seek Experienced Legal Counsel: Given the size and complexity of UT Austin and its legal resources, engaging a hazing attorney with specific experience in litigation against major Texas universities is critical. Attorney911 is well-versed in navigating these institutional challenges and leveraging university data for civil action.

5.4 Southern Methodist University (SMU)

Southern Methodist University, nestled in Dallas, is a private institution that attracts many students from affluent backgrounds across Texas, including those from Bandera County seeking a different collegiate experience. Its campus is renowned for its academic programs and a highly visible Greek life.

5.4.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot (SMU)

SMU is a private university with a strong reputation in business, law, and liberal arts. Greek life historically plays a central role in the social fabric of the campus, with a high percentage of students participating in fraternities and sororities. The university prides itself on its traditions, but like all institutions with vibrant Greek systems, preventing hazing remains a constant challenge.

5.4.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels (SMU)

SMU has clear anti-hazing policies that align with Texas state law, prohibiting any activity that endangers mental or physical health for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. The university encourages reporting through various channels, including the Office of the Dean of Students, Student Conduct & Community Standards, and the SMU Police Department. SMU also utilizes systems like the “Real Response” tool for anonymous reporting of student misconduct.

5.4.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses (SMU)

SMU has also wrestled with hazing incidents, often resulting in significant disciplinary actions:

• Kappa Alpha Order Suspension (2017): One prominent incident involved the Kappa Alpha Order fraternity, which faced a lengthy university suspension following allegations of severe hazing. Reports indicated new members were subjected to paddling, forced alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, and other forms of physical and psychological abuse. The chapter remained suspended for several years, with restrictions on its return to campus.
• Other Greek Life Sanctions: SMU’s records indicate periodic sanctions against various fraternities and sororities for hazing-related offenses, often involving alcohol violations, physical abuse, or humiliating acts during initiation periods.

5.4.4 How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

As a private institution, SMU does not benefit from sovereign immunity, making it potentially more exposed to civil litigation for negligence or wrongful death related to hazing. Lawsuits would typically be filed in Dallas County courts, or potentially federal court. Defendants would likely include individual students, the local chapter, the national fraternity/sorority, and SMU itself. While SMU might have more control over student conduct given its private status, it also bears a heightened responsibility for creating a safe environment and responding effectively to known risks.

5.4.5 What SMU Students & Parents Should Do

• Understand SMU’s Reporting Culture: SMU encourages reporting but families should be prepared for internal processes that prioritize university policies before external legal action.
• Thorough Documentation: Keep meticulous records of any interactions with SMU administrators, as well as any evidence of hazing, as discovery procedures in civil suits against private universities are often more direct.
• Engage Experienced Counsel: For Bandera County families, selecting a hazing attorney like Attorney911 who has experience challenging private institutions and their Greek systems is essential, as the legal nuances of private university liability differ significantly from public institutions.

5.5 Baylor University

Baylor University in Waco is another top-tier private university that attracts students from Bandera County, drawn by its strong academic programs and faith-based community. Its distinct mission and values intersect with the challenges of student conduct, including hazing.

5.5.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot (Baylor)

Baylor is the largest Baptist university in the world, with a prominent Christian mission. This influences many aspects of campus life, including expectations for student behavior. While Greek life exists, it operates within a broader framework emphasizing ethical conduct. Baylor’s well-publicized past struggles with sexual assault allegations and institutional accountability have led to increased scrutiny of its student conduct policies and enforcement mechanisms.

5.5.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels (Baylor)

Baylor University strictly prohibits hazing, articulating a “zero tolerance” policy that is clearly communicated in its Student Code of Conduct. Their policy aligns with Texas law, banning any activity that endangers mental or physical health for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. Baylor provides reporting avenues through the Dean of Students Office, the Title IX Office (if applicable), Baylor Police Department, and an anonymous “EthicsPoint” hotline.

5.5.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses (Baylor)

Baylor has faced hazing issues, echoing the challenges seen across diverse institutions:

• Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020): A significant incident involved the Baylor baseball team, where a hazing investigation led to the suspension of 14 players. The suspensions were staggered through the early part of the season. While specific details of the hazing were kept private by the university, the broad scope of suspensions indicated serious violations that the university directly addressed. This incident highlights that hazing is not confined to Greek life and can permeate athletic programs, even in religiously affiliated institutions.
• Prior Sanctions: Baylor’s student conduct records, while not always publicly detailed for hazing as comprehensively as some public universities, show a history of investigations and disciplinary actions against student organizations, including fraternities and sororities, for alcohol violations and conduct that falls under the hazing definition.

5.5.4 How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

For Bandera County families, legal action against Baylor University would unfold in McLennan County courts, or potentially federal court. As a private institution, Baylor does not have sovereign immunity, which can simplify some legal challenges compared to state-funded universities. However, its strong legal team and the private nature of much of its internal conduct records mean pursuing a case requires seasoned expertise in civil discovery. Potential defendants would include individuals, the chapter, the national organization, and Baylor University itself, with claims focusing on negligence and other torts.

5.5.5 What Baylor Students & Parents Should Do

• Understand Baylor’s Ethos: Be aware of Baylor’s Christian mission and its impact on conduct expectations and disciplinary processes.
• Utilize EthicsPoint: For anonymous or sensitive reports, Baylor’s EthicsPoint system can be an initial avenue, but always log date and time of report.
• Consult Independent Counsel: Given Baylor’s experience with high-profile litigation related to student conduct, Bandera County families should immediately seek independent legal counsel from hazing experts like Attorney911. Our firm has expertise in navigating cases against large private universities, ensuring that your child’s rights and well-being are prioritized against powerful institutional defendants.

Fraternities & Sororities: Campus-Specific + National Histories

The Greek system across Texas universities plays a significant role in student life, offering community and tradition. However, this same system, driven by long-standing customs, can also be a hotbed for dangerous hazing. For Bandera County families, understanding the national and local histories of these organizations is crucial, as this knowledge fundamentally underpins any legal pursuit of accountability.

Why National Histories Matter

When a student from Bandera County chooses to join a fraternity or sorority at a university like UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, or Baylor, they are not just joining a local chapter; they are becoming part of a vast national organization. These national headquarters, often based far from Texas, exert influence through policy, branding, and oversight. This connection is critical for several reasons:

• Foreseeability: National fraternities and sororities operate with extensive risk management policies that explicitly prohibit hazing. They have these policies because they know the dangers firsthand. Their history is replete with warnings, past incidents, and even deaths at chapters across the country caused by specific hazing rituals (forced drinking, brutal physical tests, humiliating acts). When a local Texas chapter repeats these same scripts, it argues strongly that the national organization not only should have known the risk but had actual knowledge due to repetitive patterns. This can be powerful evidence to demonstrate foreseeability in a negligence lawsuit.
• Inconsistent Enforcement: While nationals boast strict anti-hazing rules, civil litigation often exposes a gap between policy and practice. Discovery can reveal that national organizations have a history of minimal enforcement, slow responses to serious allegations, or a prioritization of public image over member safety.
• Financial Responsibility: National fraternities and sororities typically carry substantial insurance policies designed to cover lawsuits stemming from chapter misconduct. They are often the deepest pockets in hazing litigation, and their historical data can be used to hold them financially accountable for systemic failures.

When a child from Bandera County is harmed by hazing, the legal strategy often involves connecting the local incident to a national pattern of misconduct. This demonstrates that the local chapter’s actions were not isolated, unforeseeable “rogue” events, but rather part of a larger, known problem that national organizations and sometimes universities failed to adequately address.

Organizations with Documented National Cases

Here, we will synthesize information around prominent Greek organizations, highlighting their national hazing histories and how those patterns resonate with the Texas context. We are not alleging that every specific chapter at a Texas university has engaged in hazing, but rather drawing on the national histories of these organizations to illustrate patterns that demonstrate foreseeability and institutional knowledge regarding hazing risks. The presence of a chapter at a Texas university means that Bandera County families should be aware of the national organization’s broader history.

• Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ / Pike):

  • National History: Pi Kappa Alpha has a national history tragically marked by alcohol-related hazing deaths. A prominent case involved Stone Foltz at Bowling Green State University in 2021, where pledges were forced to consume an entire handle of alcohol, leading to his death. This resulted in a $10 million settlement with the national fraternity and the university. Another significant incident was the death of David Bogenberger at Northern Illinois University in 2012 due to alcohol poisoning during a pledge event, leading to a $14 million settlement for his family. These cases clearly establish a pattern of dangerous alcohol hazing within the organization.
  • Texas Presence: Pi Kappa Alpha is present at major Texas universities including UT Austin and Texas Tech, having had incidents or suspensions documented at both campuses. For Bandera County families, any hazing involving forced alcohol consumption at a Pike chapter in Texas echoes these national tragedies and strengthens arguments of foreseeability.

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ / SAE):

  • National History: Sigma Alpha Epsilon has faced numerous hazing-related deaths and severe injuries nationwide, tragically earning the moniker “America’s deadliest fraternity” from some media outlets due to its high number of hazing deaths. Incidents have included severe physical abuse, chemical burns, and extreme alcohol consumption. In 2014, in response to these recurrent tragedies, SAE famously (though largely unsuccessfully) announced the elimination of its traditional pledge program.
  • Texas Presence: SAE has chapters at Texas A&M and UT Austin, and has faced lawsuits in Texas itself. At Texas A&M around 2021, pledges alleged forced strenuous activity, with substances including industrial-strength cleaner and raw eggs poured on them, causing severe chemical burns requiring skin graft surgeries. At UT Austin in January 2024, an exchange student alleged assault by fraternity members at a party, resulting in significant injuries. These Texas incidents directly link to the national pattern of dangerous conduct and show how the organization’s adverse history repeatedly manifests.

• Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ):

  • National History: Phi Delta Theta is another organization with a tragic national hazing history. The death of Maxwell “Max” Gruver at Louisiana State University in 2017 from alcohol poisoning during a “Bible study” drinking game is a key example. His death led to Louisiana’s Max Gruver Act making felony hazing punishable by prison time.
  • Texas Presence: Phi Delta Theta has chapters at virtually all major Texas universities, including Texas A&M and Baylor. Any allegations of similar forced drinking games or alcohol-related hazing at a Texas chapter immediately draws parallels to the Gruver tragedy, highlighting the pattern of misconduct that nationals were aware of.

• Pi Kappa Phi (ΠΚΦ):

  • National History: The national organization of Pi Kappa Phi has also contended with severe hazing incidents, notably the death of Andrew Coffey at Florida State University in 2017 from acute alcohol poisoning during a Big Brother Night.
  • Texas Presence: Pi Kappa Phi has chapters at UH, Texas A&M, and UT. As highlighted in Section 5, Attorney911 is currently representing Leonel Bermudez in a $10 million lawsuit against the Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu chapter and the University of Houston for severe hazing that led to acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis in late 2025. This ongoing case directly connects the national organization’s problematic history to an incident here in Texas.

• Omega Psi Phi (ΩΨΦ):

  • National History: While historically Black fraternities generally emphasize community service and scholarship, some chapters have faced allegations of intense physical hazing. For example, a former student at the University of Southern Mississippi in 2023 alleged severe hazing including repeated beatings with wooden paddles during “Hell Night,” requiring emergency surgery.
  • Texas Presence: Omega Psi Phi chapters are present at Prairie View A&M and other Texas universities. Incidents involving physical “initiation” tactics at Texas chapters can connect to this national pattern, especially those involving the controversial use of paddles or other physical abuse.

• Kappa Sigma (ΚΣ):

  • National History: Kappa Sigma has a national history involving hazing fatalities. The drowning death of Chad Meredith in 2001 at the University of Miami, following fraternity-induced alcohol consumption, led to a $12.6 million verdict and Florida’s Chad Meredith Law.
  • Texas Presence: Kappa Sigma has chapters at Texas A&M and TCU. Allegations of hazing resulting in severe physical injuries (including rhabdomyolysis) have been reported at Texas A&M as recently as 2023, with ongoing litigation. At TCU in 2018, a member was arrested for hazing pledges, showing continued issues within Texas chapters.

• Phi Kappa Psi (ΦΚΨ):

  • National History: Phi Kappa Psi has faced significant hazing issues, including the horrific incident at San Diego State University in 2024 where a pledge was set on fire during a party skit, sustaining third-degree burns over 16% of his body. This led to felony charges against multiple members.
  • Texas Presence: Phi Kappa Psi has chapters at Texas State University, where the 2017 death of Matthew Ellis occurred due to forced alcohol consumption, again after a “bottle gift” hazing. This directly links the San Diego fire incident to a pattern of dangerous hazing activities within the fraternity nationally and in Texas.

How National Histories Inform Legal Strategy

For Bandera County families, understanding these national patterns is critical. It allows experienced hazing attorneys to:

• Demonstrate Foreseeability: Argue that national organizations and universities knew or should have known that certain hazing rituals were dangerous, having caused injury or death elsewhere, yet failed to prevent them in Texas.
• Establish a Pattern of Negligence: Show that repeated incidents across their chapters indicate a systemic failure of leadership, enforcement, and oversight from the national level.
• Challenge “Rogue Chapter” Defenses: Dispel claims by national organizations that a local chapter acted as “rogue individuals.” Instead, these histories demonstrate that these acts are often deeply ingrained in the culture, either tacitly or actively encouraged.
• Enhance Settlement Leverage: Armed with evidence of national patterns, attorneys can significantly increase the leverage in negotiations, often leading to more substantial settlements for victims and their families. This historical context is often key to unlocking the full accountability of national organizations and their ample insurance coverage.

Knowing who these organizations are, their national histories, and how they operate is crucial in the fight for accountability here in Texas.

Building a Case: Evidence, Damages, Strategy

If your child from Bandera County has been a victim of hazing at a Texas university, pursuing legal action requires a meticulous and strategic approach. The Manginello Law Firm excels at building strong, evidence-based cases that hold individuals and institutions accountable. This involves a comprehensive investigation, a clear understanding of potential damages, and a robust legal strategy designed to overcome common defenses.

7.1 Evidence

In hazing cases, evidence is paramount, and it often disappears quickly. Our firm employs cutting-edge techniques to gather and preserve critical information:

• Digital Communications: In 2025, modern hazing leaves a digital footprint. We prioritize securing evidence from:

  • Group Messaging Apps: Platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage/SMS group texts, Discord servers, and even private fraternity/sorority apps are treasure troves. These reveal planning, coercion, threats, and cover-up attempts.
  • Social Media: Instagram stories, Snapchat messages (even those designed to disappear), TikTok videos, Facebook posts, and DMs can contain incriminating photos, videos, or commentary.
  • We instruct clients to screenshot everything immediately, ensuring timestamps, names, and full context are captured. Even deleted messages can sometimes be recovered by digital forensics experts, but immediate preservation of screenshots is crucial. Attorney911 extensively uses digital evidence, and our video on using your cellphone to document a legal case (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) provides valuable guidance to families on how to do this effectively.

• Photos & Videos: Beyond social media, direct cell phone photos or videos of hazing incidents, injuries, or aftermaths are powerful. Security camera footage from houses or venues can also provide objective proof.

• Internal Organization Documents: Through subpoena and legal discovery, we seek:

  • Pledge manuals, initiation scripts, “tradition” lists, or internal bylaws that normalize or tacitly encourage hazing.
  • Emails or texts among officers planning and discussing pledge activities.
  • National organization policies and training materials, often used to expose the gap between what they preach and what they practice.

• University Records: Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin) maintain records that can be accessed through public information requests. For both public and private institutions (SMU, Baylor), civil discovery can compel the release of:

  • Prior disciplinary records of the involved chapter for hazing or alcohol violations.
  • Campus police incident reports related to the organization or individuals.
  • Internal communications among administrators concerning hazing complaints or general student conduct.
  • Records related to Title IX or Clery Act compliance where applicable.

• Medical and Psychological Records: These document the extent of the harm suffered:

  • Emergency room visits, hospitalizations, surgical reports, and ongoing treatment records.
  • Toxicology reports (blood alcohol content, drug screening).
  • Diagnoses of physical injuries, from rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure (as seen in the Leonel Bermudez case at UH) to traumatic brain injuries (like Danny Santulli’s case).
  • Psychological evaluations and therapy notes documenting PTSD, depression, anxiety, or other mental health impacts.

• Witness Testimony: Eyewitness accounts are invaluable. We carefully interview:

  • Other pledges or new members, who have often endured similar treatment.
  • Current and former members who may have knowledge of the hazing.
  • Roommates, friends, or RAs who observed changes in behavior or physical signs.
  • Bystanders or facility staff who witnessed incident.

7.2 Damages

When pursuing a civil hazing lawsuit for a Bandera County family, our goal is to recover adequate compensation that fully addresses the financial and emotional toll hazing has inflicted. The types of damages sought typically include:

• Economic Damages (Quantifiable Financial Losses):

  • Medical Expenses: This covers all past and future medical costs, including ambulance fees, emergency room visits, hospital stays, surgeries, physical and psychological therapy, medications, and any necessary long-term care plans for catastrophic injuries.
  • Lost Income & Earning Capacity: This includes wages lost due to injury, costs of missed tuition or academic delays, and if there’s permanent disability or psychological harm, a calculated loss of future earning potential.

• Non-Economic Damages (Subjective, Legally Compensable Harm):

  • Physical Pain & Suffering: Compensation for the actual physical pain endured, as well as ongoing discomfort from lasting injuries.
  • Emotional Distress & Psychological Harm: This category addresses intense mental and emotional suffering, including diagnosable conditions like PTSD, severe anxiety, depression, and the profound humiliation and shame suffered.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: This compensates for the inability to participate in activities once enjoyed, the disruption of normal life, and the loss of positive college experiences.

• Wrongful Death Damages (for Families): In the most tragic cases, where hazing results in death, surviving family members can pursue:

  • Funeral and burial costs.
  • Loss of financial support the deceased would have provided.
  • Compensation for the extreme grief, loss of companionship, love, and guidance for parents, siblings, or spouses. Our firm has extensive wrongful death experience (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/), having recovered millions for families in catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases.

• Punitive Damages: In cases of egregious misconduct, gross negligence, or intentional indifference, punitive damages may be sought. These are designed to punish the defendants for their actions and deter similar future behavior by others. Although often capped by Texas law, they can be substantial and signal severe fault.

7.3 Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

Holding powerful parties accountable means understanding how they operate and how they are insured.

• Multiple Defendants: In most hazing cases, multiple layers of individuals and organizations are named as defendants. This can include the individual students directly involved, the local chapter itself, the national fraternity/sorority, and the university. Each may bear a different degree of responsibility.
• Insurance Coverage: Most national fraternities, local chapters (through national policies), and universities carry general liability insurance coverage. However, securing this coverage often becomes a battleground. Insurers frequently try to deny coverage by arguing that hazing involves “intentional acts” or “criminal conduct,” which are typically excluded from policies.
• Lupe Peña’s Advantage: This is where Attorney911’s unique strength, particularly through Lupe Peña’s expertise, becomes invaluable. As a former insurance defense attorney for a national firm, Lupe knows their playbook inside and out. She understands insurance contracts, how adjusters operate, and the specific arguments used to deny hazing claims. Her background enables our team to dissect policy exclusions, compel insurers to defend, and negotiate effectively to ensure our clients receive the maximum possible compensation. We understand their tactics because we used to employ them. This “insurance insider” advantage is a critical differentiator for our clients in hazing litigation against well-funded defendants.

Practical Guides & FAQs

For Bandera County families and students, knowing what to do when facing hazing can be overwhelming. This section offers practical guidance and answers common questions to empower you to act decisively and protect your rights.

8.1 For Parents

As a parent, your instinct is to protect your child. Identifying hazing and knowing how to respond is critical.

• Warning Signs of Hazing: Be attuned to any sudden or unexplained changes in your child’s behavior or physical well-being. Look for:

  • Unexplained injuries: Bruises, burns, cuts that don’t have a logical explanation, or vague explanations for them.
  • Extreme fatigue or sleep deprivation: Constant late nights, exhausted appearance, falling asleep in inappropriate places.
  • Drastic changes in mood: Increased irritability, anxiety, depression, withdrawal from former friends or family, or sudden secrecy about their activities.
  • Academic decline: A sudden drop in grades, missing classes, or an inability to focus on studies.
  • Physical symptoms: Weight loss or gain, poor hygiene, signs of alcohol or drug abuse (even if they don’t typically consume them).
  • Digital red flags: Excessive phone usage for group chats, anxiety when the phone rings, constant demands for their attention outside of normal hours.

• How to Talk to Your Child: Approach the conversation calmly and empathetically, emphasizing their safety above all else. Avoid accusations. Share your concerns, ask open-ended questions like, “How are things going with your new member activities? Is anything making you uncomfortable?” Reassure them that you simply want to ensure their well-being and that you are there to support them, no matter what.

• If Your Child is Hurt: Prioritize medical care immediately. Do not delay. Document everything diligently, including:

  • Photos of injuries: Take multiple angles and close-ups, and track their progression over several days.
  • Digital evidence: Immediately screenshot any relevant texts, group chats, or social media posts your child shows you. Ensure names, dates, and full conversations are captured.
  • Witness information: Jot down any names your child mentions, even if they seem minor.
  • Detailed notes: Write down everything your child tells you while the memory is fresh—who, what, when, where, and how.

• Dealing with the University: Every communication with university officials should be documented. Ask specific, pointed questions: Did the university have prior knowledge of issues with this organization? What steps did they take? University internal processes are distinct from legal action, and engaging with them without legal counsel can sometimes compromise your child’s rights.

• When to Talk to a Lawyer: If your child sustains any significant physical or psychological harm due to hazing, or if you feel the university or organization is minimizing the incident or hiding facts, it’s time to contact an attorney. The sooner you seek legal advice, the better.

8.2 For Students / Pledges

You are caught in a difficult position, but your safety and well-being are paramount.

• Is this hazing or just tradition? If any activity makes you feel unsafe, humiliated, coerced, or involves forced consumption of alcohol/drugs/food, physical abuse, sleep deprivation, or secrecy—it is hazing. “Tradition” is a common euphemism used to hide illegal and dangerous behavior. If you feel you can’t be open about it with your parents or university officials, that’s a major red flag.
• Why “consent” isn’t the end of the story: You might feel like you “agreed” to participate, but if there’s any pressure, threat of exclusion, or power imbalance at play, your consent is often not truly voluntary. Texas law—and legal interpretation—recognizes this power dynamic. You have the right to revoke your “consent” to any activity that makes you uncomfortable or unsafe.
• Exiting and reporting safely: Your safety is the priority. You have the right to leave any pledging or new member process at any time, without penalty from the law or the university. If you feel unsafe while trying to exit, confide in a trusted non-member friend, roommate, RA, or campus counselor. You can report hazing anonymously to university hotlines or the National Anti-Hazing Hotline: 1-888-NOT-HAZE (1-888-668-4293).
• Good-faith reporting and amnesty: If someone is in medical distress due to alcohol or drugs, call 911 immediately. Most universities and Texas law provide amnesty or immunity for students who report an emergency in good faith, prioritizing saving a life over punishing underage drinking. You will not get in trouble for calling for help in an emergency.

8.3 For Former Members / Witnesses

Your perspective is invaluable in preventing further harm and ensuring justice. Hazing thrives in secrecy, and your willingness to come forward can make a profound difference.

• You may carry guilt or fear, but your testimony, photos, or digital evidence can prevent another student from suffering the same or worse.
• Contacting a lawyer offers you a confidential space to discuss your role. An attorney can explain your legal rights and potential liabilities, and help you navigate the process as a witness safely. Your cooperation can be a crucial step towards accountability and healing for victims.

8.4 Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

In the chaotic aftermath of a hazing incident, families and students can inadvertently make errors that severely hinder their ability to seek justice. Bandera County families should be aware of these common pitfalls:

1. Letting Your Child Delete Messages or “Clean Up” Evidence:

   • The Mistake: Your child, fearful of consequences, might delete group chats, texts, or photos, or “clean up” the scene of the hazing.
   • Why It’s Wrong: This destroys vital evidence. Even if it seems incriminating, the context and proof are invaluable for a legal case. Deleting evidence can look like a cover-up and make a case nearly impossible to build.
   • What to Do Instead: Preserve everything immediately, even embarrassing or seemingly minor content. Take screenshots of all relevant digital communication, even if it’s meant to “disappear.”

2. Confronting the Fraternity/Sorority Directly:

   • The Mistake: Driven by outrage, parents or students directly confront the individuals or chapter leadership responsible.
   • Why It’s Wrong: This alerts the perpetrators, giving them time to destroy evidence, coordinate false stories, coach witnesses, and prepare their legal defenses.
   • What to Do Instead: Document everything silently and then immediately contact experienced legal counsel before any direct confrontation.

3. Signing University “Release” or “Resolution” Forms:

   • The Mistake: Universities or national organizations may offer swift, “internal” resolutions or ask you to sign waivers.
   • Why It’s Wrong: These documents often include clauses that waive your right to pursue further legal action, and any “settlement” offered is typically far below the true value of the case.
   • What to Do Instead: Do NOT sign anything from the university or the organization without a qualified hazing attorney reviewing it first.

4. Posting Details on Social Media Before Talking to a Lawyer:

   • The Mistake: Wanting to alert others or vent frustration, details are shared publicly online.
   • Why It’s Wrong: Defense attorneys will screenshot everything. Inconsistencies between public statements and later legal testimony can undermine credibility. Public posts can inadvertently reveal privileged information or complicate legal strategy.
   • What to Do Instead: Document privately and confidentially. Let your lawyer control any public messaging if that becomes part of the strategy.

5. Letting Your Child Go Back to “One Last Meeting” or “Talk it Out”:

   • The Mistake: The organization may pressure your child to “meet” and discuss their concerns, promising understanding.
   • Why It’s Wrong: These meetings are often designed to intimidate, extract statements that later harm the case, or coerce your child into silence.
   • What to Do Instead: Once you are considering legal action, all communication should go through your attorney.

6. Waiting “to See How the University Handles It”:

   • The Mistake: Relying solely on the university’s internal investigation and disciplinary process.
   • Why It’s Wrong: University investigations are primarily concerned with policy violations and institutional reputation, not necessarily your child’s full legal rights or maximum compensation. Evidence disappears, and witnesses graduate during prolonged university processes. The statute of limitations for filing a lawsuit might run out.
   • What to Do Instead: Preserve all evidence now and consult a hazing lawyer immediately. The university’s process does not equate to full legal accountability.

7. Talking to Insurance Adjusters Without a Lawyer:

   • The Mistake: Insurance adjusters, representing the fraternity/sorority or university, may contact you, claiming they “just need your statement.”
   • Why It’s Wrong: Their job is to minimize payouts. Any recorded statement can be used against you, and initial offers are almost always lowball.
   • What to Do Instead: Politely decline to speak with them and refer them to your attorney.

8.5 Short FAQ

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
  Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin) often assert sovereign immunity, but exceptions exist for instances of gross negligence, federal civil rights violations (such as Title IX), or when suing individual employees in their personal capacity. Private universities (like SMU and Baylor) typically have fewer immunity protections. Every case is unique and depends on the specific facts. Contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a case-specific analysis.

• “Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
  It certainly can be. While basic hazing is often classified as a Class B misdemeanor, it escalates significantly. Texas law mandates that hazing becomes a state jail felony if the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Additionally, individuals involved, especially officers, can face criminal charges for failing to report hazing. Our firm’s criminal defense expertise (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/criminal-defense-lawyers/) means we understand how criminal charges intersect with civil claims.

• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
  Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. Our legal system recognizes that in situations involving power imbalance, peer pressure, and fear of negative repercussions, “agreement” is often coerced, not truly voluntary. This protects victims from being blamed for their own abuse.

• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
  Generally, you have 2 years from the date of the injury or death to file a hazing lawsuit in Texas. However, certain legal principles, such as the “discovery rule” (where the clock starts when you reasonably discover the harm or its cause) or “tolling” for minors, can extend this period. Time is critical—evidence disappears, witnesses’ memories fade, and organizations can destroy records. It is vital to call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately to protect your rights. Our video, “Is There a Statute of Limitations on My Case?” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c), explains these time limits.

• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
  The location of hazing does not eliminate liability for responsible parties. Universities and national fraternities can still be held liable based on their sponsorship of the organization, their knowledge of off-campus activities, and their general duty to ensure student safety. Many major, high-profile hazing cases, such as the Pi Delta Psi retreat death in Pennsylvania, occurred off-campus and still resulted in multi-million-dollar judgments against both the chapter and national organizations.

• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  While some high-profile cases do garner media attention, most hazing lawsuits are resolved through confidential settlements negotiated outside of court. We prioritize your family’s privacy and work to protect your child’s identity while still pursuing full accountability. You can often request sealed court records and confidential settlement terms.

What a Safe Greek Experience Looks Like

While this guide focuses on the critical issue of hazing, it’s important to acknowledge that not all Greek experiences are negative. Many fraternities and sororities provide genuine opportunities for leadership, philanthropy, scholarship, and lifelong friendships. A truly healthy and safe Greek experience should adhere to clear ethical and legal boundaries, prioritizing member well-being above all else.

Hallmarks of a Safe Greek Experience

• Transparent Recruitment: Recruitment should be open and welcoming, without deceptive tactics or a focus on secrecy. Potential new members should have honest access to information about the chapter’s values, activities, and financial commitments.
• Reasonable Time Commitments: New member education should be respectful of academic commitments, allowing pledges ample time for classes, studying, and personal well-being. Excessive or mandatory late-night activities are red flags.
• No Secrets from Parents: All new member activities, especially those involving any off-campus events or overnight stays, should be transparent and openly communicated to parents. “What happens here, stays here” is a sign of hazing, not healthy membership.
• No Physical Punishment or Forced Consumption: There should be zero tolerance for any activity that inflicts physical pain, discomfort, or risk of injury. This includes paddling, forced calisthenics, sleep deprivation, and especially any forced or coerced consumption of alcohol, drugs, or disgusting substances.
• Respect for “No”: Every student must feel empowered to say no to any activity without fear of negative repercussions, social exclusion, or being “cut” from the organization.
• Sober Activities Available: Social events should always include non-alcoholic options and ensure a safe, inclusive environment for all members, regardless of their choice to consume alcohol.
• Support Systems for Success: A healthy chapter provides mentorship, academic support, and genuine friendship, building up new members rather than tearing them down.

Questions to Ask Before Joining

Before your child commits to any organization, encourage them to ask critical questions during the recruitment process:

1. What does the new member education program truly involve, day-to-day and week-to-week? Can I see a schedule of activities?
2. Can I speak with members who recently went through the new member process?
3. Has this chapter ever been sanctioned by the university or national organization for hazing? What were the details?
4. What happens if I need to miss a new member event due to academic commitments, illness, or personal reasons?
5. What are the consequences if I decide to leave the new member process? Can I do so without social or financial repercussions?
6. Are all social events alcohol-free, or do they include options for those who choose not to drink?
7. What are the actual financial commitments beyond stated dues, including mandatory social events or gifts?

Safe Alternatives to Greek Life in Texas

For students in Bandera County seeking meaningful campus connections without hazing risks, many Texas universities offer a wealth of excellent alternatives that foster community, leadership, and personal growth:

Campus Organizations (Hazing-Free Alternatives)

• Student Government: Leadership without pledging
• Academic Honor Societies: Phi Beta Kappa, Golden Key, discipline-specific (legitimate honor societies do NOT haze)
• Career-Focused Groups: Pre-Law Society, Business Club, Engineering organizations
• Community Service: Circle K, Habitat for Humanity campus chapters
• Religious/Spiritual Groups: Campus ministry, interfaith organizations
• Cultural Organizations: Cultural centers, international student associations
• Club Sports & Intramural Athletics: Team camaraderie without hazing culture

Social Alternatives

• Residence hall communities and programming
• Academic study groups and tutoring programs
• Part-time campus employment
• Research assistant positions
• Volunteer opportunities (local food banks, tutoring programs)
• Campus recreation programs

What to Look for in ANY Organization

Before joining any group, students should verify:

• ☑️ Clear written anti-hazing policy
• ☑️ Faculty or staff advisor actively involved
• ☑️ Transparent membership process with no “secret” phases
• ☑️ No “pledging” period with undisclosed activities
• ☑️ Open meetings you can observe before committing
• ☑️ Current members willing to discuss experiences honestly

Red Flags to Avoid

• 🚩 “What happens here stays here” culture
• 🚩 Excessive time demands that affect academics
• 🚩 Required alcohol consumption at events
• 🚩 “New member education” with vague descriptions
• 🚩 Sleep deprivation expectations
• 🚩 Financial demands beyond standard dues

About The Manginello Law Firm + Call to Action

When your Bandera County family faces the devastating impact of hazing at a Texas university, you need more than just a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who intimately understand the complex dynamics of campus abuse, how powerful institutions fight back, and how to effectively navigate these challenges to win. You need Attorney911, the Legal Emergency Lawyers™.

The Manginello Law Firm / Attorney911 is a Houston-based Texas personal injury firm with a proven track record in serious injury, wrongful death, and complex litigation against formidable institutional defendants. Our expertise is uniquely suited to hazing cases:

• Insurance Insider Advantage with Lupe Peña: Our Associate Attorney, Lupe Peña (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), brings invaluable insight as a former insurance defense attorney for a national firm. She knows precisely how fraternity and university insurance companies analyze, value, downplay, and deny hazing claims. Lupe understands their delay tactics, coverage exclusion arguments, and settlement strategies because she used to run their playbook. This insider knowledge gives our clients a distinct advantage in navigating the often-contentious world of insurance payouts.
• Complex Litigation Against Massive Institutions with Ralph Manginello: Our Managing Partner, Ralph Manginello (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/), possesses over 25 years of experience taking on and winning against powerful defendants. He was one of the few Texas firms involved in the BP Texas City explosion litigation, demonstrating his capability to challenge billion-dollar corporations. Ralph’s extensive federal court experience (U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas) means we are not intimidated by national fraternities, universities, or their well-resourced defense teams. We build cases that force accountability, regardless of the size or influence of the opponent.
• Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death and Catastrophic Injury Experience: Our firm has consistently achieved multi-million dollar results in wrongful death and catastrophic injury cases. We don’t settle cheap; we meticulously build cases that account for all present and future damages, collaborating with economists and medical experts to accurately value the lifetime care needs for victims of severe injuries like traumatic brain injury or organ damage. Our dedicated wrongful death practice area (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/) reinforces our commitment to families who have suffered the ultimate loss.
• Dual Criminal and Civil Expertise: Ralph’s membership in the Houston Bar Association and the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) underscores our deep understanding of the criminal justice system. This dual capability is crucial in hazing cases, where criminal charges often run parallel to civil lawsuits, allowing us to advise clients on both tracks and maximize opportunities for justice.
• Cutting-Edge Investigative Depth: We investigate hazing cases with the seriousness they demand. Our team works with digital forensics experts to recover deleted group chats and social media evidence, subpoena national fraternity records to expose patterns of prior incidents, and uncover university files through tenacious discovery and public records requests. We investigate like your child’s life depends on it—because it does. With offices strategically located in Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, we offer statewide coverage and the ability to respond effectively across Texas.

We know this is one of the hardest things a Bandera County family can face. The emotional toll of hazing is immense, and the legal battle can feel overwhelming. Our job is to alleviate that burden, to get you answers, hold the right people accountable, and help prevent this from happening to another family. We are not about bravado or quick settlements; we are about thorough investigation, unwavering advocacy, and achieving real accountability for campus abuse.

Call to Action for Bandera County Families

If your child, a student from Bandera County, has experienced hazing at any Texas campus—whether it’s at Texas A&M, UH, UT Austin, SMU, Baylor, or another institution—we want to hear from you. Families in Bandera County and throughout the surrounding Hill Country region have the right to answers, justice, and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm / Attorney911 for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We will attentively listen to your story without judgment, explain your legal options, and help you decide on the most effective path forward for your family.

In your free, confidential consultation, you can expect us to:

• Listen attentively to your child’s experience and your concerns.
• Review any evidence you have collected, such as photos, texts, or medical records.
• Clearly explain your legal options under Texas law, including whether pursuing a criminal report, a civil lawsuit, or both is appropriate.
• Discuss realistic timelines and what to expect throughout the legal process.
• Answer all your questions about our contingency fee structure—meaning we don’t get paid unless we win your case (for a full explanation, watch our video on “How Do Contingency Fees Work?” at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc).
• Provide you with honest, direct advice, with absolutely no pressure to hire us on the spot. Everything you share with us is protected by attorney-client privilege.

Don’t wait. Evidence disappears quickly, and crucial timelines for legal action are strict. The statute of limitations for personal injury cases in Texas is generally two years from the date of injury, but complex hazing cases require immediate action to preserve vital evidence. Our video “Is There a Statute of Limitations on My Case?” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c) offers more details.

Contact Attorney911 today – your Legal Emergency Lawyers™:

• Call our Emergency Hotline: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• Direct Line: (713) 528-9070
• Cell: (713) 443-4781
• Website: https://attorney911.com
• Email Ralph Manginello directly: ralph@atty911.com

Hablamos Español: For consultation in Spanish, please contact Lupe Peña directly at lupe@atty911.com. Servicios legales en español disponibles.

Whether you’re in Bandera County, in the immediate vicinity of Alamo Heights or Boerne, or anywhere across Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this challenge alone. We are ready to fight for your child’s future and for justice.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com