comal-county-featured-image.png

Comal County Fraternity Hazing Attorneys | $24M Pi Kappa Alpha Settlements | Attorney911 — We Shut Down Chapters | Federal Court | Former Insurance Defense | 1-888-ATTY-911

Comal County, Earth, North America, Texas, United States

A Silent Shadow in the Heart of Comal County: When College Dreams Turn to Hazing Nightmares

The Texas sun shines bright on Comal County, illuminating the scenic Guadalupe River, the historic streets of New Braunfels, and the vibrant communities that make this region so special. Families here work hard, instilling values, and dreaming of bright futures for their children. Many of those dreams involve higher education, sending young adults to esteemed institutions across the Lone Star State—like the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, or Baylor University.

Imagine a scene, not far from the serene beauty of Canyon Lake or the bustling thoroughfares of Seguin, playing out on a campus where a Comal County student has just embarked on their college journey. It’s “initiation night” for a fraternity, an athletic team, or even a spirit group. Your child, eager to belong, finds themselves pressured to drink far beyond safe limits, endure physical or psychological abuse, or perform degrading acts. Other students, their faces illuminated by phone screens, watch on, some filming, some laughing, all complicit in a dangerous game. Then, someone gets hurt—a fall, a collapse, a sudden illness. But no one calls 911 immediately; the fear of “getting the chapter shut down” or “getting in trouble” overshadows the urgent need for help. Your child, caught between the desperate desire for acceptance and a terrifying threat to their own safety, feels utterly trapped.

This isn’t a scene from a sensationalized movie; it’s a chillingly real scenario that has unfolded, and continues to unfold, on campuses across Texas and nationwide. These aren’t just isolated incidents; they are part of a dangerous pattern that Attorney911, The Manginello Law Firm, is committed to stopping.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

  • If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

    • Call 911 for medical emergencies
    • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
    • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

  • In the first 48 hours:

    • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine.” Critical medical conditions like acute kidney failure or traumatic brain injury can have delayed symptoms.
    • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
      • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately, capturing names, timestamps, and full context.
      • Photograph any injuries from multiple angles, using a ruler or coin for scale, and documenting progression over several days.
      • Save physical items involved (clothing, receipts for forced purchases, paddles, or props).
    • Write down everything while memory is fresh: who, what, when, where, and any specific quotes or demands.
    • Do NOT:
      • Confront the fraternity/sorority, athletic team, or other organization directly.
      • Sign anything presented by the university or an insurance company without legal counsel.
      • Post details about the incident on public social media platforms.
      • Allow your child to delete messages, discard items, or “clean up” any evidence.

  • Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

    • Evidence disappears rapidly, messages are deleted, witnesses may be coerced, and organizations destroy records.
    • Universities often move quickly to control the narrative and minimize their liability.
    • We can help preserve critical evidence and protect your child’s rights from the outset.
    • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate, confidential consultation.

This comprehensive guide is designed specifically for families in Comal County and throughout Texas who need to understand the complex world of college hazing. We will explain:

  • What modern hazing truly looks like in 2025 and how it has evolved beyond outdated stereotypes into sophisticated forms of coercion and abuse.
  • The intricate legal framework of hazing in Texas, including both criminal and civil liability, as well as relevant federal laws designed to protect students.
  • Lessons from major national hazing cases, dissecting how these tragic incidents have shaped legal precedents and why they are profoundly relevant to Texas families and our universities.
  • What has been happening at prominent Texas institutions such as the University of Houston, Texas A&M University, the University of Texas at Austin, Southern Methodist University, and Baylor University, providing specific insights into their policies, reported incidents, and potential legal pathways.
  • The critical role of national fraternity and sorority histories in hazing litigation, demonstrating how patterns of past behavior can establish foreseeability and institutional negligence.
  • How cases are built, focusing on the crucial role of evidence collection, the types of damages victims can recover, and effective legal strategies against powerful institutional defendants.
  • Practical guides and frequently asked questions for parents, students, and witnesses, offering actionable advice on recognizing, responding to, and reporting hazing incidents safely and effectively.

While this article provides general information, it is not a substitute for specific legal advice. The Manginello Law Firm is dedicated to evaluating individual cases based on their unique facts, serving families throughout Texas, including those in Comal County. We are here to fight for accountability and help prevent future tragedies.

2. HAZING IN 2025: WHAT IT REALLY LOOKS LIKE

For families in Comal County and across Texas, understanding modern hazing means shedding old stereotypes. Gone are the days when hazing was simply dismissed as “boys being boys” or harmless pranks. In 2025, hazing has evolved into a complex, often brutal, and deeply manipulative system designed to break down individuals, enforce conformity, and demand absolute loyalty—all under the guise of “tradition” or “bonding.”

At its core, hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to joining, maintaining membership, or gaining status in a group. This action, whether on or off campus, endangers the physical or mental health of a student, humiliates them, or exploits them. It’s crucial to understand that a student’s “agreement” or “consent” to these activities does not automatically render them safe or legal, especially when peer pressure, power imbalances, and the intense desire for acceptance are in play.

2.1 The Three-Tier Classification of Hazing

Expert frameworks now classify hazing into three escalating tiers, demonstrating that even seemingly innocuous activities can be harmful and lead to more dangerous behaviors:

Tier 1: Subtle Hazing

This tier focuses on behaviors that establish a power imbalance, often disguised as “team building” or “tradition.” While these might not directly cause physical harm, they create psychological distress and set the stage for further escalation.

  • Deception and Secrecy: Pledges are often forced to swear oaths of secrecy, instructed to lie to parents, university officials, or outsiders about group activities. The mantra “What happens here, stays here” is a hallmark.
  • Derogatory Naming: New members may be assigned humiliating nicknames or forced to answer to demeaning titles, stripping away their individual identity.
  • Forced Servitude: Requiring new members to act as personal assistants, drivers, cleaners, or errand-runners for older members, often at odd hours, disrupting sleep and academic focus.
  • Social Isolation: New members might be forbidden from interacting with non-members, or restricted in their social lives outside the group, fostering dependence on the organization.
  • Privilege Deprivation: Being denied basic courtesies or privileges, such as not being allowed to speak unless spoken to, or being forced to sit separately from older members.
  • Academic Interference: Mandatory late-night meetings, study hours, or activities scheduled to conflict with classes or exam preparation.
  • Humiliating Tasks: Seemingly innocent “scavenger hunts” or “tasks” that involve public humiliation, petty theft, or dangerous stunts.

Modern Evolutions of Subtle Hazing:
In today’s digital age, subtle hazing leverages technology:

  • Constant Group Chat Monitoring: Pledges are expected to respond instantaneously to group messages at all hours, leading to sleep deprivation and constant anxiety.
  • Geolocation Tracking: Requiring new members to share their live location via apps like “Find My Friends” or “Snapchat Maps” to ensure compliance or to summon them at will.
  • Social Media Control: Dictating what new members can post, demanding they “like” or share specific content, or forbidding interaction with certain individuals or groups online.

Tier 2: Harassment Hazing

This level involves behaviors that cause emotional anguish or physical discomfort, often blurring the lines between “initiation” and abuse. While not always resulting in severe injury, it creates a hostile and degrading environment.

  • Verbal Abuse: Relentless yelling, screaming, insults, and derogatory comments designed to demean and break down self-esteem.
  • Sleep Deprivation: Orchestrated through late-night “team-building” activities, mandatory meetings, or frequent wake-up calls, severely impacting physical and mental well-being.
  • Food and Water Restriction/Coercion: Limiting access to food or water, or forcing the consumption of unappetizing or spoiled substances, causing nausea and distress.
  • Forced Physical Activity: Extreme calisthenics, prolonged runs, or exhausting “workouts” framed as conditioning but used punitively to induce pain and exhaustion.
  • Public Humiliation: Forcing new members to perform embarrassing acts in public, wear degrading costumes, or endure “roasting” sessions where they are verbally attacked.
  • Uncomfortable Conditions: Forcing new members into unsanitary environments, or covering them in non-toxic but disgusting substances like eggs, condiments, or trash.

Modern Evolutions of Harassment Hazing:

  • Coerced “Voluntary” Participation: Hazing activities are presented as optional, but new members are implicitly or explicitly made aware that non-participation will result in social exclusion or denial of full membership.
  • Digital Humiliation: Forcing new members to post embarrassing content on TikTok or Instagram, or participate in online “challenges” that degrade them.
  • Livestreamed Abuse: Recording or livestreaming embarrassing or degrading acts, which are then shared within private group chats or on closed social media accounts, amplifying the humiliation.

Tier 3: Violent Hazing

This is the most dangerous tier, characterized by activities that carry a high risk of physical injury, sexual assault, or death. These acts often involve explicit disregard for human safety and dignity.

  • Forced Alcohol and Drug Consumption: Known as “lineups” or “bottle exchanges,” where pledges are forced to consume dangerously large amounts of alcohol, often hard liquor, or illegal drugs. This is the leading cause of hazing deaths.
  • Physical Beatings: Paddling, punches, kicks, slaps, and other forms of physical assault, a traditional component of hazing in some groups.
  • Dangerous Physical Activities: Blindfolded “glass ceiling” rituals involving tackling, forced fights, or reckless stunts like jumping from heights or swimming while intoxicated.
  • Sexualized Hazing: Forced nudity, simulated sexual acts (e.g., “elephant walks,” “roasted pig” positions), or actual sexual assault and harassment.
  • Discriminatory Hazing: Acts that involve racial slurs, homophobic taunts, or sexist role-playing, exploiting and degrading individuals based on identity.
  • Kidnapping and Restraint: Abducting new members, transporting them blindfolded, or physically restraining them, often in isolated locations to evade detection.
  • Environmental Extremes: Forcing exposure to severe cold or heat, or denying access to basic necessities like bathrooms for extended periods.

Modern Evolutions of Violent Hazing:

  • “Retreat” Hazing: To escape campus oversight, violent hazing is increasingly moved to off-campus locations such as Airbnbs, rental homes, or remote properties.
  • Disguised Abuse: Dangerous activities are cleverly rebranded as “fitness challenges,” “survival training,” or “communal experiences” to mask their true nature.
  • Specific Traumatic Incidents: Beyond general beatings, we’ve seen specific acts like a San Diego State Phi Kappa Psi pledge being set on fire during a skit, or Texas A&M SAE pledges suffering chemical burns from industrial-strength cleaner.

This isn’t an exhaustive list, but a snapshot of the dangerous realities many students face. No matter the tier or tactic, if an activity is forced and causes harm, it’s hazing.

2.2 Where Hazing Actually Happens in 2025

The image of hazing often defaults to rowdy fraternities, but the reality is far broader. Hazing is a pervasive issue found across a multitude of campus organizations, spanning both officially recognized and underground groups. For families in Comal County, understanding this diversity is crucial, as the risk isn’t confined to specific types of groups.

  • Fraternities and Sororities (Greek Life): This remains a high-risk area, encompassing Interfraternity Council (IFC), Panhellenic (NPC), National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), and various multicultural Greek organizations. The intense pressure to conform, prove loyalty, and uphold “tradition” often fuels hazing rituals.
  • Corps of Cadets and ROTC Programs: Military-style groups, including the Corps of Cadets at Texas A&M, often have deeply ingrained traditions that can cross the line into hazing, characterized by intense physical demands, sleep deprivation, and psychological intimidation under the guise of “leadership training.”
  • Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to cheerleading, swimming, and even club sports, hazing is a documented problem across NCAA and intramural teams. These incidents often involve forced drinking, physical abuse, and sexualized rituals, justified as “team bonding” or “toughening up.” The Northwestern University hazing scandal, covered in Section 4, is a stark reminder of this.
  • Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly innocuous organizations like marching bands, a staple of Texas college spirit, drumlines, and theater groups have been implicated in hazing. The tragic death of Robert Champion from Florida A&M’s marching band highlighted this lesser-known realm of hazing.
  • Spirit and Tradition Groups: Organizations dedicated to upholding campus spirit or traditions (like the Texas Cowboys at UT Austin or various “spirit groups” at other institutions) can sometimes foster environments where initiation rites devolve into hazing.
  • Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: Even groups with noble missions are not immune. The pressure to prove commitment or endure “rites of passage” can lead to hazing in professional fraternities, cultural associations, and community service clubs.

The common thread across all these groups? Social status, tradition, and an intense culture of secrecy. These factors create environments where hazing practices persist, often hidden in plain sight, and where new members feel immense pressure to comply. For Comal County families, this means vetting any organization your child considers joining, not just traditional Greek groups. Hazing is a risk wherever untested loyalty is demanded, and unchecked power dynamics are allowed to thrive.

3. LAW & LIABILITY FRAMEWORK (TEXAS + FEDERAL)

Understanding the legal landscape surrounding hazing in Texas is crucial for Comal County families. In Texas, hazing isn’t just a campus policy violation; it’s a crime with serious civil implications. Both state and federal laws provide mechanisms for accountability, though the pathways can be complex.

3.1 Texas Hazing Law Basics (Education Code)

Texas has a specific, comprehensive set of laws addressing hazing, primarily found in the Texas Education Code, Chapter 37, Subchapter F (Hazing). These laws clearly define hazing, establish criminal penalties, and outline institutional responsibilities.

Definition of Hazing:
Under Texas Education Code § 37.151, hazing is defined as:

“Any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members are students.”

Breaking this down for Comal County families, this means:

  • Intentional, Knowing, or Reckless Act: This is a broad standard. It doesn’t require malicious intent; if someone acts “recklessly” (meaning they knew or should have known a risk existed and disregarded it), that’s enough.
  • On or Off Campus: The location of the hazing does not matter. Incidents at private residences, off-campus venues, or remote retreats are still covered. This directly refutes the common defense, “It happened off-campus, so the university isn’t responsible.”
  • Endangers Mental or Physical Health or Safety: Hazing isn’t just about physical injury. Emotional abuse, psychological manipulation, extreme sleep deprivation, or causing severe anxiety also fall under this definition.
  • Purpose of Affiliation: The act must be linked to joining, holding office in, or maintaining membership in a student organization.

Criminal Penalties (§ 37.152):
Individuals who engage in hazing face criminal charges:

  • Class B Misdemeanor: The default penalty for hazing, carrying a fine of up to $2,000 and/or up to 180 days in county jail.
  • Class A Misdemeanor: If the hazing causes bodily injury requiring medical attention.
  • State Jail Felony: If the hazing causes serious bodily injury (e.g., bone fractures, organ damage, severe burns) or death. This is a critical point: hazing can lead to felony charges in Texas.

Additionally, under Texas law:

  • Failure to Report: Any student or employee of an educational institution who has knowledge of hazing, and is acting as an official or leader of an organization, and fails to report it, can be charged with a misdemeanor.
  • Retaliation: Retaliation against someone who reports hazing is also a misdemeanor.

Organizational Liability (§ 37.153):
The organizations themselves can also be held criminally responsible:

  • An organization can be fined up to $10,000 if it authorized or encouraged hazing, or if an officer or member acting in an official capacity knew about hazing and failed to report it.
  • Universities often have their own disciplinary measures, which can include revoking the organization’s recognition and banning it from campus.

Immunity for Good-Faith Reporting (§ 37.154):
Texas law encourages reporting by offering protection:

  • A person who, in good faith, reports a hazing incident to university officials or law enforcement is immune from civil or criminal liability that might otherwise arise from reporting. This means students are generally protected if they speak up.
  • Furthermore, Texas has a “Medical Amnesty” policy (often adopted by universities) which provides limited immunity from alcohol-related disciplinary actions for students who seek medical help for themselves or others in an alcohol-related emergency. This is crucial as it removes a barrier to calling 911 in critical situations.

Consent Not a Defense (§ 37.155):
This is perhaps the most vital component of Texas hazing law:

  • “It is not a defense to prosecution for hazing that the person on whom the hazing was inflicted consented to the hazing activity.”
  • This directly addresses the common misconception that if a student “agreed” to participate, it isn’t really hazing. Texas law rejects this argument, recognizing the inherent power dynamics and pressures within initiation rituals.

3.2 Criminal vs. Civil Cases: Two Paths to Justice

For Comal County families seeking justice after hazing, it’s important to understand that there are two primary legal avenues: criminal prosecution and civil litigation. Both aim for accountability but through different mechanisms and with different goals.

Criminal Cases:

  • Initiated by the State: These cases are brought by state prosecutors (District Attorneys or County Attorneys) on behalf of the public, not directly by the victim.
  • Purpose: To punish illegal behavior, deter future offenses, and uphold public safety.
  • Outcome: Conviction can result in fines, probation, community service, or jail/prison time for individuals involved. Organizations can also face fines and loss of university recognition.
  • Standard of Proof: “Beyond a reasonable doubt,” a very high bar requiring prosecutors to convince a jury there is no other logical explanation for the facts except that the defendant committed the crime.
  • Common Charges: Beyond specific hazing offenses, individuals might face charges such as assault, aggravated assault (if serious injury occurs), furnishing alcohol to minors, sexual assault, or even negligent homicide or manslaughter in cases of death.

Civil Cases:

  • Initiated by the Victim/Family: These lawsuits are filed directly by the injured student or, in cases of wrongful death, by their surviving family members (parents, spouse, children).
  • Purpose: To provide monetary compensation to the victim for their losses and to hold responsible parties (individuals, organizations, universities) accountable for their negligence or wrongdoing. Civil cases also serve a crucial deterrent effect, forcing institutions to change dangerous practices.
  • Outcome: If successful, a civil lawsuit results in a judgment or settlement paid to the victim. This compensation can cover medical expenses, lost income, pain and suffering, and other damages.
  • Standard of Proof: “Preponderance of the evidence,” meaning it is more likely than not (over 50% likelihood) that the defendant is responsible for the harm. This is a lower standard than criminal cases.
  • Common Claims: Negligence (failure to act reasonably), gross negligence (extreme carelessness), wrongful death, intentional infliction of emotional distress, assault and battery, premises liability (negligent property owner), failure to supervise, and violations of specific anti-hazing policies.

Key Distinction: It’s vital for Comal County families to know that a civil lawsuit can be pursued regardless of whether criminal charges are filed or result in a conviction. Even if no one is prosecuted or found guilty criminally, a civil court can still find parties liable for the harm caused. The criminal justice system focuses on punishment; the civil justice system focuses on compensation and accountability.

3.3 Federal Overlay: Guardrails for Universities

Beyond Texas state law, federal regulations add another layer of accountability for universities, particularly those that receive federal funding. These federal statutes influence how colleges respond to hazing and how victims’ rights are protected.

  • The Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This landmark federal law, enacted in response to nationwide calls for greater transparency and accountability, significantly impacts all colleges and universities that receive federal financial assistance. By 2026, these institutions must publicly report hazing incidents, detailing violations, sanctions, and data on the number of students involved. They are also required to develop and implement comprehensive hazing prevention programs and biennial training for students and staff. For Comal County families, this means more public data will become available, offering clearer insights into which organizations at which schools have a history of hazing. It also creates a federal standard for university response, moving beyond just state criminal laws.

  • Title IX: This federal civil rights law prohibits sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. When hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, gender-based humiliation, or creates a hostile environment based on sex, Title IX obligations are triggered. This requires universities to investigate promptly, take steps to end the harassment, prevent its recurrence, and remedy its effects. Importantly, Title IX can apply whether the hazing is perpetrated by male-identifying, female-identifying, or mixed-gender groups, if the conduct is sufficiently severe or pervasive to create a hostile environment.

  • The Clery Act (Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act): This law requires colleges and universities to disclose information about crime on and around their campuses, including certain crimes that might be associated with hazing. If hazing leads to crimes like serious assault, sexual assault, or alcohol/drug offenses, these incidents could fall under Clery reporting requirements. While hazing itself is not a specific Clery-reportable crime category, the underlying criminal acts that often accompany or result from hazing must be included in a university’s annual security report. This indirectly shines a light on problematic behaviors and encourages institutions to maintain a safer campus environment.

For Texas institutions like the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, and Baylor, these federal laws impose strict requirements beyond state anti-hazing statutes. They provide additional avenues for accountability and can be crucial in civil litigation, especially when universities fail to uphold their federal obligations.

3.4 Who Can Be Held Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit?

One of the complexities of hazing litigation is identifying all potentially liable parties. When hazing occurs, multiple individuals and entities often bear some degree of responsibility, creating a web of liability that an experienced attorney must unravel. For Comal County families, understanding who might be sued can clarify the path to justice and full compensation.

  • Individual Students: The most direct perpetrators—those who initiated, planned, or directly participated in the hazing acts. This includes the chapter’s executive officers, pledge masters, new member educators, and any active members who allowed or encouraged the haz abuse.
  • Local Chapter/Organization: The specific fraternity, sorority, club, or team itself. If the organization has a formal legal structure (e.g., incorporated), it can be sued directly. The chapter’s officers, acting in their official capacity, represent the organization’s actions or inactions.
  • National Fraternity/Sorority: The national headquarters (which oversees hundreds or thousands of local chapters) can be held liable. This often hinges on whether the national organization knew or should have known about a pattern of hazing within its chapters, failed to adequately train and supervise its local chapters, or failed to enforce its own anti-hazing policies. We frequently find national organizations have a documented history of hazing incidents across the country, establishing a pattern of foreseeability and often a negligent response.
  • The University or College: The educational institution itself can be a defendant. Liability for a university typically arises from claims of:
    • Negligent Supervision: Failing to adequately oversee student organizations or athletic teams despite warnings or known risks.
    • Deliberate Indifference: Knowing about hazing or sexual harassment and failing to take appropriate action under Title IX or other policies.
    • Failure to Enforce Policies: Having anti-hazing rules but consistently failing to enforce them, creating a culture of permissiveness.
    • Premises Liability: If the hazing occurred on university property and the university failed to maintain a safe environment.
    • Sovereign Immunity: Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin) often assert sovereign immunity under Texas law, which can limit their financial liability. However, exceptions exist for gross negligence, certain tort claims, and in cases involving federal laws like Title IX. Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections.
  • Advisors (Faculty, Alumni, Volunteers): Individuals who officially advise or oversee the local chapter. If an advisor knew about hazing or negligently failed to prevent it, they could be named as a defendant.
  • Housing Corporations: Separate legal entities that own and manage fraternity or sorority houses. If hazing occurred on property owned by a housing corporation, they could be liable for premises liability or negligent property management.
  • Property Owners/Landlords: If the hazing took place at a private, off-campus residence not owned by the Greek organization’s housing corp (e.g., an Airbnb, a rented house for a party), the owner of that property could potentially be held liable for failing to provide a safe environment or for knowingly permitting illegal activities.
  • Alcohol Providers: In cases involving forced alcohol consumption, if an individual or entity illegally provided alcohol to minors, they could face liability under Texas Dram Shop laws.

Identifying all potential defendants requires a thorough investigation, which Attorney911 is equipped to conduct. Many of these parties carry substantial insurance policies, which are often the source of compensation for victims. Our experience, including Lupe Peña’s background as a former insurance defense attorney, offers a distinct advantage in navigating these complex insurance coverage disputes.

4. NATIONAL HAZING CASE PATTERNS (ANCHOR STORIES)

The headlines often focus on the local incident, but the pattern of hazing deaths and severe injuries across the country reveals a far larger, systemic problem within collegiate organizations. These anchor stories serve as stark reminders of the human cost of hazing and often set legal precedents that shape how cases are fought, even for Comal County families in Texas. These are not isolated tragedies but connected incidents demonstrating foreseeability and often, institutional negligence.

4.1 Alcohol Poisoning & Death: A Repeating Tragedy

Forced and abusive alcohol consumption remains the single leading cause of hazing deaths. Time and again, institutions and national organizations are found to have been acutely aware of this danger, yet failed to prevent it.

  • Timothy Piazza – Penn State University, Beta Theta Pi (February 2017):
    This case became a national flashpoint, vividly exposing the dangers of alcohol hazing and the callous disregard for human life. Tim, a 19-year-old pledge, was forced to consume dangerous amounts of alcohol during a “bid acceptance” event. He subsequently suffered multiple falls, including a severe one down a flight of stairs, resulting in traumatic brain injuries. Crucially, fraternity members, fearing repercussions, delayed calling 911 for nearly 12 hours, during which time Tim endured agonizing pain. Security cameras within the Beta Theta Pi house captured stomach-churning footage of members watching Tim suffer, trying to “treat” him themselves, and even physically assaulting him.

    • Legal Actions: Dozens of fraternity members faced a staggering array of criminal charges, including involuntary manslaughter and aggravated assault, though many of these charges were later reduced or dismissed due to legal technicalities. Civil litigation by the Piazza family resulted in confidential settlements from multiple parties.
    • Impact: Tim’s death fueled mass public outrage, leading to the enactment of the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law in Pennsylvania, a felony hazing statute. Penn State permanently banned Beta Theta Pi, and the case spurred national conversations about institutional accountability and the culture of silence around hazing. The multi-million dollar confidential settlements highlight the severe civil liability for such incidents.

  • Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (November 2017):
    Just months after Tim Piazza’s death, Andrew Coffey, a 20-year-old FSU pledge from Jupiter, Florida, died after a “Big Brother Night” event. Pledges were given handles of 90-proof liquor and pressured to consume them quickly. Andrew was found unresponsive the next morning with a blood alcohol content (BAC) reportedly as high as 0.558%.

    • Legal Actions: Multiple Pi Kappa Phi members were prosecuted, with most pleading guilty to misdemeanor hazing or related alcohol offenses. The Coffey family filed a wrongful death lawsuit, which was reportedly settled for a confidential amount.
    • Impact: FSU was forced to temporarily suspend all Greek life. Andrew’s death, along with others, prompted former Florida Governor Rick Scott to sign into law the “Andrew Coffey Anti-Hazing Act,” strengthening hazing penalties in the state.

  • Max Gruver – Louisiana State University, Phi Delta Theta (September 2017):
    Yet another alcohol-related tragedy in the same devastating year. Max Gruver, an 18-year-old LSU pledge, died after participating in a “Bible study” drinking game. During the ritual, pledges were forced to chug high-proof alcohol if they answered questions incorrectly or simply when ordered. Max’s BAC was reportedly 0.495% at the time of his death.

    • Legal Actions: Multiple Phi Delta Theta members were charged in Max’s death. One member was convicted of negligent homicide, and others pled guilty to hazing offenses. The Gruver family settled a wrongful death lawsuit, and while the exact terms remain confidential, a jury in a related civil case later awarded $6.1 million in damages.
    • Impact: Louisiana enacted the Max Gruver Act, a stronger felony hazing law. Max’s parents became powerful anti-hazing advocates, founding the Max Gruver Foundation (maxgruverfoundation.com).

  • Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (March 2021):
    One of the most recent and impactful cases, Stone Foltz, a 20-year-old BGSU pledge, died from alcohol poisoning after being forced to consume an entire 40-ounce bottle of Jameson Irish Whiskey during a “Big/Little” night pledging event. He was left unconscious in the fraternity house, and help was significantly delayed.

    • Legal Actions: In a landmark ruling, multiple Pi Kappa Alpha members were convicted of hazing-related criminal charges, including involuntary manslaughter. The Foltz family reached a $10 million settlement in 2023, with $7 million coming from the Pi Kappa Alpha national fraternity and nearly $3 million from Bowling Green State University itself. The chapter president, Daylen Dunson, was personally ordered to pay $6.5 million to the family.
    • Impact: Stone’s death led to the enactment of Collin’s Law: The Anti-Hazing Act in Ohio, making hazing a felony when it causes serious physical harm or death. The massive settlement and the individual liability placed on a chapter president serve as powerful warnings.

4.2 Physical & Ritualized Hazing: Beyond Alcohol

While alcohol is a prominent factor, other forms of hazing, including severe physical abuse and degrading rituals, also lead to catastrophic outcomes.

  • Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College / Pi Delta Psi (December 2013):
    Michael Deng, an 18-year-old freshman, died after a harrowing incident at a Pi Delta Psi fraternity ritual during an off-campus retreat in the Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania. During a ritual called “glass ceiling,” Michael was blindfolded, forced to wear a heavy backpack, and repeatedly tackled by members. He suffered a traumatic brain injury. As with Piazza, the fraternity members delayed seeking medical help, transporting him to a hospital an hour later.
    • Legal Actions: This case resulted in rare criminal convictions against the national fraternity itself for aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter, in addition to convictions of several individual members. The national fraternity was banned from operating in Pennsylvania for 10 years and fined over $110,000. The Deng family also settled a wrongful death lawsuit for a confidential amount.
    • Impact: This case set a critical precedent for organizational criminal liability and demonstrated that off-campus hazing, conducted far from university oversight, does not absolve responsibility.

4.3 Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse Pattern

Hazing is not confined to Greek letter organizations. Many cases, including those from our firm’s own experience, demonstrate that it can be deeply embedded within athletic programs.

  • Northwestern University Football Hazing Scandal (2023–2025):
    In a shocking series of allegations, former Northwestern football players came forward describing widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the highly ranked program, going back years. This included forced sexual acts, racial discrimination, and physical abuse, often euphemistically called “Paddy’s,” “naked pull-ups,” or “freshman shakes.”
    • Legal Actions: Multiple players filed lawsuits against Northwestern University and members of its coaching staff, alleging negligence, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and battery. The university initially suspended, then fired long-time head coach Pat Fitzgerald, who later filed his own wrongful-termination lawsuit against the university, which was confidentially settled in August 2025.
    • Impact: This scandal underscored that hazing extends far beyond Greek life, even into prominent, successful athletic programs. It sparked a wave of investigations into other Northwestern athletic teams and raised serious questions about institutional oversight and the responsibility of university leadership and coaches to protect student-athletes. It demonstrates that universities can face significant legal and reputational damage when hazing is allowed to fester in high-profile programs.

4.4 What These National Cases Mean for Texas Families

These national tragedies are not distant events. They create a critical framework for understanding hazing right here in Texas. For families in Comal County, these cases demonstrate:

  • Foreseeability: When similar hazing patterns recur across different chapters of the same national organization, it becomes increasingly difficult for the national body to claim ignorance or that an incident was “unforeseeable.” Our legal strategy often hinges on proving that national organizations knew, or should have known, the dangers.
  • Institutional Accountability: Universities, whether public or private, are increasingly being held liable for failing to prevent hazing on their watch. This includes negligent supervision, failure to enforce policies, and deliberate indifference to known risks.
  • Significant Damages: The multi-million dollar verdicts and settlements in these cases underscore the severe financial consequences for organizations and institutions that fail to protect students. This compensation covers direct costs like medical bills and lost earnings, as well as immense pain, suffering, and emotional trauma.
  • Legislative Change: These highly publicized cases often spur legislative action, leading to stronger anti-hazing laws, like those passed in Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Ohio, and Florida. While Texas hazing laws are robust, these national examples provide a backdrop for continued advocacy and enforcement.
  • The Culture of Cover-Up: A chilling common thread is the delay in calling for help and attempts to cover up incidents. This not only exacerbates injuries but also demonstrates a systematic failure of leadership and moral responsibility within these groups.

For Comal County families whose children attend or may attend Texas institutions like the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, or Baylor, these national lessons are vital. They empower affected families with knowledge and demonstrate that legal recourse is both possible and necessary to achieve justice and prevent future harm.

5. TEXAS FOCUS: UH, TEXAS A&M, UT, SMU, BAYLOR

For families in Comal County, understanding the specific dynamics of hazing at Texas’s prominent universities is paramount. Many Comal County students attend these schools, and cultural norms around Greek life, student organizations, and athletic teams can vary significantly. This section delves into the hazing landscape at five major Texas institutions, providing context, reviewing policies, and highlighting documented incidents. Our aim is to connect these specific campus environments to the broader insights of Texas hazing law.

5.1 Texas State University

Texas State University in San Marcos is a popular destination for many students, including those from Comal County, given its relative proximity (approximately 30 miles north of New Braunfels, a key city in Comal County). Parents and students from Comal County often consider Texas State for its vibrant campus life and academic programs. Cases at Texas State would typically be heard in courts with jurisdiction over Hays County, near Comal County, though specific incidents and parties could involve federal courts.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas State University is a large public university known for its beautiful campus along the San Marcos River. It boasts a diverse student body and a very active Greek life, encompassing IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, and multicultural organizations. Traditions like the “Bobcat Build” and numerous student organizations thrive.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Texas State University maintains a strict anti-hazing policy, clearly defining hazing in line with Texas Education Code and prohibiting it whether on or off campus. Their policy also prohibits alcohol and substance abuse, physical mistreatment, and any activity that creates mental or physical discomfort for initiation.

  • Reporting: Texas State encourages reporting through its Dean of Students Office, Student Conduct, and the Texas State University Police Department (TSUPD). They also offer anonymous reporting options.

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Texas State, like many universities, has faced its share of hazing allegations and disciplinary actions:

  • Phi Kappa Psi (2017): Tragically, pledge Matthew Ellis died from alcohol poisoning after attending a Phi Kappa Psi “initiation ritual,” which included a “bottle gift” event involving rapid consumption of liquor. The university investigated, and several individuals faced criminal charges for furnishing alcohol to a minor. The chapter ultimately lost its recognition. This incident drew national attention and underscored the dangers of forced alcohol consumption disguised as tradition.
  • Alpha Delta Pi (2016): While not a hazing death, an attendee at an off-campus “date party” co-hosted by a Texas State Alpha Delta Pi chapter died from accidental drowning. While the university ultimately ruled that death itself was not directly tied to hazing, the investigation revealed significant hazing violations within other fraternities involved in planning the party, including forced activities and alcohol abuse leading to disciplinary action for those groups.
  • Recent Disciplinary Actions: Texas State’s Department of Student Involvement frequently lists disciplinary actions against various student organizations, including Greek groups, for violations of hazing, alcohol, and conduct policies. These often result in multi-year suspensions or loss of recognition, reflecting persistent challenges despite clear policies.

5.1.4 How a Texas State Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case originating at Texas State University could involve several legal and institutional pathways.

  • Jurisdiction: Criminal charges might be filed by local law enforcement (San Marcos Police Department or Hays County Sheriff’s Office) if the hazing occurred off-campus, or by TSUPD if on campus. Civil lawsuits would likely be filed in state district courts in Hays County, near Comal County, but could also be filed in federal court depending on the claims.
  • Defendants: Potential defendants include individual students, the local chapter, the national fraternity/sorority, and potentially Texas State University itself. Because Texas State is a public institution, it may invoke sovereign immunity, but exceptions for gross negligence or certain constitutional violations could allow for claims against the university.
  • Evidence: Key evidence would include student communications (texts, social media), university disciplinary records, and witness testimony.

5.1.5 What Texas State Students & Parents Should Do

For Comal County families with students at Texas State, proactive steps are vital:

  • Know the Policy: Familiarize yourself with Texas State’s anti-hazing policy and official university definitions.
  • Use Reporting Channels: Report any suspected hazing to the Dean of Students Office, TSUPD, or via the anonymous reporting system.
  • Document Everything: As soon as you suspect or learn of hazing, meticulously document dates, times, names, locations, and take screenshots of all digital evidence. This is crucial for any potential university investigation or legal action.
  • Prioritize Medical Care: If there’s an injury or health concern, seek immediate medical attention. Be sure to inform medical staff of the hazing context so it’s documented.
  • Seek Legal Counsel Promptly: Contact an attorney experienced in Texas hazing cases, such as Attorney911, as soon as possible. We can help navigate both university investigations and civil legal options without compromising criminal proceedings. Our firm can advise Comal County families on the specific legal landscape in Hays County and its surrounding areas.

5.2 University of Houston (UH)

For families in Comal County, the University of Houston is a significant institution, located in the sprawling metropolis of Houston, approximately an hour and a half drive northeast. Many Comal County students aspire to attend UH, making the university’s environment, including its Greek life, a key concern. Hazing cases arising from UH would typically fall under the jurisdiction of Harris County courts, and potential federal claims would be in the Southern District of Texas in Houston – a court where Ralph Manginello is admitted.

5.2.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Houston is a large, public, Tier One research university situated in a dynamic urban environment. It serves a diverse student body of over 47,000, with a mix of residential and commuter students. UH boasts a vibrant Greek life, supported by Interfraternity Council, Panhellenic Council, National Pan-Hellenic Council, and multicultural Greek organizations. Beyond Greek life, numerous student groups, athletic teams, and spirit organizations contribute to a rich campus culture.

5.2.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Houston maintains a strict anti-hazing policy, explicitly prohibiting any intentional, knowing, or reckless act that endangers the physical or mental health or safety of a student for the purpose of affiliation or membership. This policy aligns directly with the Texas Education Code.

  • Reporting: UH offers various reporting channels, including the Dean of Students Office, the UH Department of Public Safety (UHPD), and an online reporting form. They also emphasize a culture of incident reporting and bystander intervention.

5.2.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UH has a history of hazing incidents that have resulted in significant disciplinary actions and, in one instance, a major lawsuit by Attorney911:

  • Pi Kappa Phi (Late 2025): Our Anchor Case. Attorney911 is currently representing Leonel Bermudez in a lawsuit against the University of Houston, the UH System Board of Regents, Pi Kappa Phi national headquarters, its housing corporation, and 13 individual fraternity leaders and members. Bermudez, a transfer student and pledge, suffered acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis after alleged severe hazing. Details include:

  • Pi Kappa Alpha (2016): Prior to the Bermudez case, this chapter faced hazing allegations where pledges were deprived of food, water, and sleep, and one student suffered a lacerated spleen after being body slammed or similar action. This incident led to criminal charges and university suspension, demonstrating a pattern of severe physical hazing within an organization that was eventually sued by Attorney911 years later.

5.2.4 How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

Hazing cases at UH often involve complex litigation due to the university’s public status and the presence of potent national organizations.

  • Jurisdiction: Criminal charges could be handled by UHPD for on-campus incidents or the Houston Police Department for off-campus events. Civil lawsuits against the university, national fraternities, and individuals would typically be filed in state district courts in Harris County, though federal claims (like Title IX or civil rights violations) involving the university would proceed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas. Attorney911’s Ralph Manginello is admitted to practice in this federal court, crucial for such cases.
  • Sovereign Immunity: As a public university, the University of Houston and the UH System Board of Regents may attempt to invoke sovereign immunity. However, under Texas law, exceptions to this immunity exist for claims of gross negligence, premises defects, and other limited circumstances. The Bermudez lawsuit is actively navigating these complexities.

5.2.5 What UH Students & Parents in Comal County Should Do

For Comal County families with students at the University of Houston, vigilance and swift action are essential:

  • Understand UH Policies: Familiarize yourself with UH’s Anti-Hazing Policy, Student Code of Conduct, and Title IX resources.
  • Document and Report: If you suspect hazing, immediately document dates, times, locations, individuals involved, and specific behaviors. Report to the Dean of Students, UHPD, or anonymously via UH’s reporting mechanisms.
  • Prioritize Medical Care: If an injury or illness occurs, seek immediate medical attention at an appropriate Houston-area facility (e.g., Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center, Houston Methodist Hospital). Ensure medical providers are aware of the hazing context.
  • Preserve Digital Evidence: The Bermudez case demonstrates the power of digital evidence. Save and screenshot all group chats, texts, photos, and videos related to hazing. These are often the most compelling pieces of evidence.
  • Speak to a Specialized Hazing Attorney: Given the complexities of suing a large public university and national fraternity, legal counsel with specific experience in Houston hazing cases is critical. Attorney911’s active involvement in the Bermudez case makes us uniquely positioned to advise Comal County families on UH-related incidents.

5.3 Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University in College Station holds a special place in the hearts of many Texans, including numerous families from Comal County. Its strong traditions, the Aggie Spirit, and the renowned Corps of Cadets attract students from across the state. College Station is about a two-hour drive northwest of Comal County. Hazing cases emerging from Texas A&M could lead to litigation in state courts in Brazos County or federal courts with jurisdiction over the Eastern District of Texas.

5.3.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas A&M is a prominent public research university, deeply proud of its traditions, such as the Aggie Ring, Muster, and its unique student body-centric culture. Greek life is robust, with a large number of fraternities and sororities, many with their own houses. However, the most distinctive feature is the Corps of Cadets, a uniformed military training program that fosters intense loyalty and discipline, and often carries decades-old traditions that can sometimes blur the line into hazing.

5.3.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Texas A&M has a clear, zero-tolerance policy against hazing that applies to all student organizations, including Greek life and the Corps. The policy defines prohibited acts broadly, covering physical, mental, and emotional harm.

  • Reporting: Students and others can report hazing via the university’s Department of Student Conduct, the Texas A&M University Police Department (TAMUPD), or through anonymous reporting links on their website. The Corps of Cadets also has its own specific internal reporting protocols.

5.3.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Texas A&M has faced severe hazing allegations and incidents in both its Greek system and the Corps, leading to substantial university responses and legal actions:

  • Sigma Alpha Epsilon (2021): A deeply disturbing incident involving two pledges who alleged that during a hazing ritual, they were forced to engage in strenuous physical activity, then had substances including what they described as industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, and spit poured on them. This resulted in severe chemical burns requiring extensive medical treatment, including skin graft surgeries. The pledges subsequently filed a $1 million lawsuit against the fraternity. The chapter was suspended for two years by the university, highlighting the extreme physical dangers that can arise from hazing and the financial consequences for the organizations involved.
  • Corps of Cadets Incident (2023): This incident, reported in a lawsuit, involved a cadet who alleged degrading and humiliating hazing. The suit claimed he was subjected to simulated sexual acts and tied in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. The university stated it addressed the matter through its internal conduct processes, but this public allegation highlighted that hazing extends to the Corps with its own unique risks and power dynamics.
  • Fraternity Suspensions: Texas A&M’s website often lists various Greek organizations on disciplinary probation or suspension for hazing, alcohol violations, or conduct issues. These listings serve as a public record of ongoing challenges within the system.

5.3.4 How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

Litigation stemming from Texas A&M hazing incidents can be particularly complex due to the university’s public status and unique culture:

  • Jurisdiction: Criminal charges might be pursued by TAMUPD or College Station Police Department. Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in Brazos County district courts. Claims can also extend to federal courts if federal laws (like Title IX or civil rights statutes) are implicated.
  • Sovereign Immunity: As a public institution, Texas A&M University may assert sovereign immunity to limit liability. Overcoming this requires demonstrating gross negligence, a state-recognized exception, or pursuing claims under federal law.
  • Evidence: In Corps-related cases, evidence often includes detailed internal reports, chain of command documents, and testimony from cadets. For Greek life, evidence mirrors other campuses: digital communications, witness accounts, and physical evidence.

5.3.5 What Texas A&M Students & Parents in Comal County Should Do

For Comal County families whose students are immersed in the Aggie culture, here’s vital advice:

  • Understand the Code: Be thoroughly aware of Texas A&M’s Student Code of Conduct and specific hazing policies for both Greek Life and the Corps of Cadets.
  • Utilize Reporting Systems: Report hazing to the Dean of Student Life, TAMUPD, or through the anonymous online reporting form. When dealing with Corps hazing, understanding internal reporting can be critical.
  • Medical First, Always: If any injury, illness, or severe distress occurs, seek immediate medical attention at a College Station-area hospital (e.g., Baylor Scott & White Medical Center). Ensure medical personnel are made aware of hazing context for proper documentation.
  • Detailed Documentation: Keep meticulous records of all suspected incidents, including dates, times, locations, and involved individuals. Screenshot all relevant digital communications before they can be deleted.
  • Consult Specialized Legal Counsel: Given the unique cultural aspects of A&M and its status as a public institution, engaging a hazing attorney deeply familiar with Texas law and institutional defense tactics is paramount. Attorney911 can provide crucial guidance on navigating the specific challenges of hazing cases at Texas A&M.

5.4 University of Texas at Austin (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin is a flagship institution for the state, drawing bright minds and vibrant spirits from every corner of Texas, including a significant number of students from Comal County. Many families in Comal County send their children to UT, establishing strong ties to the campus. Located about an hour’s drive north of New Braunfels, UT Austin is another critical campus for hazing awareness. Legal cases involving UT would typically be heard in Travis County district courts or federal courts in the Western District of Texas.

5.4.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UT Austin is renowned for its academic excellence, expansive research efforts, and a deeply passionate student body. Its Greek life is one of the largest and most prominent in the state, with numerous fraternities and sororities holding sizable presences both on and immediately off campus. UT is also home to many long-standing student organizations and spirit groups, such as the Texas Cowboys, deep-rooted in university tradition.

5.4.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Texas at Austin strongly prohibits hazing, articulating a clear policy enforcement framework under the Student Conduct and Academic Integrity office. Their policy aligns with Texas Education Code, explicitly outlawing any acts that endanger physical or mental health for initiation purposes.

  • Transparency: UT Austin is notable for its public Hazing Violations webpage (hazing.utexas.edu), which lists organizations, dates of incidents, a summary of hazing conduct, and the disciplinary sanctions imposed. This public record is an invaluable resource for families and can be critical evidence in civil suits.
  • Reporting: Students and others are encouraged to report hazing to Student Conduct and Academic Integrity, the University of Texas Police Department (UTPD), or through an anonymous online form.

5.4.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UT Austin’s public hazing violations page provides a transparent, though unsettling, look at persistent issues:

  • Pi Kappa Alpha (2023): The public record shows an incident where new members were directed to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics. This was formally found to be hazing, leading to the chapter facing probation and being required to implement new hazing-prevention education. This illustrates that even seemingly “minor” hazing incidents can be officially recognized and sanctioned.
  • Texas Cowboys (Multiple Incidents): The long-standing spirit organization has faced disciplinary actions for hazing, notably in 2018. Incidents have included allegations of forced physical activity, sleep deprivation, and alcohol misuse. The repeated sanctions against such a prominent group underscore the challenge of breaking deeply entrenched traditions that cross into hazing. UT’s public records detail how student activities groups, not just Greek organizations, face severe sanctions.
  • Sigma Alpha Epsilon (January 2024): In a high-profile incident, an Australian exchange student alleged severe assault by members of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon chapter at an off-campus party. The student sustained serious injuries, including a dislocated leg, broken ligaments, fractured tibia, and a broken nose. The student has since filed a $1 million civil lawsuit against the chapter, which was already under university suspension for prior hazing and safety violations. This case highlights how hazing-prone environments can foster other forms of assault and the significant financial liability involved.

5.4.4 How a UT Austin Hazing Case Might Proceed

Litigation against UT Austin, similar to other public Texas universities, involves navigating sovereign immunity, but UT’s rich history of hazing incidents can strengthen a plaintiff’s case.

  • Jurisdiction: Criminal charges can be filed by UTPD or Austin Police Department. Civil lawsuits would likely be heard in Travis County district courts or the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas.
  • Public Information Advantage: UT’s public Hazing Violations page is a unique asset for plaintiffs. It can provide concrete evidence of an organization’s (and arguably, the university’s) prior knowledge of hazing, establishing a pattern of conduct and foreseeability that is crucial in civil claims for negligence or gross negligence.

5.4.5 What UT Austin Students & Parents in Comal County Should Do

For Comal County families with students at UT Austin, these actions are vital:

  • Check the Hazing Violations Page: Before joining any organization, consult UT’s public Hazing Violations page (hazing.utexas.edu) to check for prior sanctions. This empowers you with transparent information.
  • Document and Report to UT: Use UT’s robust reporting channels, including the UTPD and the Student Conduct office, for any suspected hazing. Emphasize that your report contributes to the public record.
  • Preserve Digital Evidence: Actively save and screenshot all digital communications, photos, and videos. Given the high-tech nature of UT Austin students, digital evidence is often abundant and quickly deleted if not captured.
  • Prioritize Medical Documentation: Should an injury or illness occur, ensure medical professionals at Austin-area hospitals (e.g., Dell Seton Medical Center) document the hazing context.
  • Seek Experienced Legal Counsel: Contact Attorney911 immediately. Our expertise in navigating the complexities of public university litigation and utilizing publicly available hazing data can be invaluable for Comal County families facing hazing at UT Austin.

5.5 Southern Methodist University (SMU)

For Comal County families considering private universities in Texas, Southern Methodist University in Dallas is a prominent choice. Though further north (approximately 3.5-4 hours drive) than UT or UH, SMU attracts many students from across the state and nationwide. Hazing cases originating at SMU would typically be heard in state district courts in Dallas County or federal courts with jurisdiction over the Northern District of Texas.

5.5.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

SMU is a private university renowned for its beautiful campus, rigorous academics, and a vibrant social scene heavily influenced by Greek life. A significant percentage of undergraduates participate in SMU’s IFC and Panhellenic Greek organizations, which often play a central role in campus social events and traditions. SMU’s culture is also marked by strong alumni ties and a high level of student engagement.

5.5.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Southern Methodist University maintains a strict stance against hazing, prohibiting it under any circumstances, whether on or off campus. SMU’s hazing policy draws from the Texas Education Code and clearly outlines prohibited conduct (physical, mental, emotional, forced substance use).

  • Reporting: SMU provides reporting channels through the Dean of Students Office, Student Affairs, the SMU Police Department (SMU PD), and through a specialized anonymous reporting platform often used for student organization misconduct.

5.5.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

SMU has had several documented hazing incidents within its Greek system, leading to significant disciplinary action:

  • Kappa Alpha Order (2017): This incident led to the suspension of the Kappa Alpha Order chapter following allegations of severe hazing. Reports indicated new members were subjected to repeated paddling, forced consumption of alcohol, and sleep deprivation. The chapter’s suspension was extensive, impacting its ability to recruit new members for several years and serving as a strong deterrent.
  • Other Fraternity Disciplinary Actions: SMU’s Interfraternity Council and the university frequently conduct investigations and impose sanctions on Greek organizations for hazing and other conduct violations. These, while not always leading to public lawsuits, indicate an ongoing challenge within the Greek system. SMU, as a private institution, has discretion in how much detail about these internal disciplinary actions it makes public.

5.5.4 How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

As a private university, SMU typically does not benefit from sovereign immunity, which public universities like UT or Texas A&M can claim. This can simplify certain aspects of litigation.

  • Jurisdiction: Criminal charges might be pursued by SMU PD or the Dallas Police Department. Civil lawsuits against SMU, its affiliated organizations, and individuals would typically be filed in Dallas County district courts or the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas.
  • Discovery: In private university cases, access to internal university documents (e.g., student conduct investigation reports, emails between administrators, prior incident reports) can be a powerful tool for plaintiffs’ attorneys through legal discovery processes.

5.5.5 What SMU Students & Parents in Comal County Should Do

For Comal County families with students at SMU, these steps are particularly relevant:

  • Review SMU’s Harassment and Hazing Policies: Understand the specific regulations and reporting procedures unique to SMU.
  • Monitor Internal Communications: Pay close attention to any communications from SMU’s Dean of Students or Greek Life office regarding chapter conduct, as these can signal potential issues.
  • Document Vigilantly: Due to the potentially less public nature of private university disciplinary actions, meticulous personal documentation (screenshots, witness accounts) becomes even more critical for a strong case.
  • Prompt Legal Consultation: Contact a hazing attorney like Attorney911 immediately. Our experience against institutional defendants can help navigate the unique dynamics of private university investigations and accelerate the process of securing accountability and compensation for Comal County families.

5.6 Baylor University

Baylor University in Waco, while smaller than some of Texas’s larger state schools, is a significant institution, especially for students from Comal County seeking a private, faith-based education. Waco is approximately a two-hour drive north of Comal County. Hazing cases at Baylor would typically be heard in McLennan County district courts or federal courts with jurisdiction over the Western District of Texas.

5.6.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Baylor University is a private Baptist research university known for its strong Christian values, rich academic programs, and passionate school spirit embodied by its “Baylor Line” tradition. Greek life is active, with numerous fraternities and sororities, though its presence is often framed within the university’s broader religious mission. Baylor has faced significant scrutiny in the past regarding institutional culture and oversight, particularly related to its football program and Title IX issues, which color any discussion of campus misconduct.

5.6.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Baylor University, consistent with its Christian mission and legal obligations, has a clear and strict anti-hazing policy. It adheres to Texas Education Code definitions and prohibits all forms of hazing on or off campus, including physical, mental, emotional, and substance-related abuse.

  • Reporting: Baylor emphasizes reporting concerns through its Department of Student Conduct, the Baylor Police Department (BUPD), and its Title IX Office. Anonymous reporting options are also available through campus and third-party systems.

5.6.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Baylor’s history includes incidents of hazing, sometimes intertwined with broader issues of institutional oversight and accountability:

  • Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020): A significant incident involved the Baylor baseball team, where a university investigation into hazing allegations led to the suspension of 14 players. The suspensions were staggered to minimize direct impact on the team’s season, which drew some criticism, but the university’s action underscored its commitment to addressing hazing even within high-profile athletic programs. The allegations reportedly involved forced alcohol consumption and other prohibited activities.
  • Scrutiny over Institutional Oversight: While not solely hazing, Baylor’s well-publicized sexual assault scandal involved systemic issues of institutional failure, including a pervasive “win-at-all-costs” culture, poor reporting mechanisms, and inadequate responses to misconduct. This history of external investigations and disciplinary actions against the university itself sets a precedent for how hazing allegations might be viewed and pursued, particularly if they indicate a pattern of deliberate indifference to student safety.

5.6.4 How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

As a private university, Baylor does not have the protection of sovereign immunity, unlike public institutions. This often means a more direct path for civil litigation.

  • Jurisdiction: Criminal investigation and charges for hazing could be pursued by BUPD or the Waco Police Department. Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in McLennan County district courts or the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas.
  • Discovery: Baylor’s history of past investigations and external reviews could provide valuable background information and insight into its institutional culture during the discovery phase of a civil lawsuit.

5.6.5 What Baylor Students & Parents in Comal County Should Do

For Comal County families with students at Baylor, these tips are essential:

  • Be Aware of Baylor Policies & History: Understand not just the anti-hazing policy, but also the university’s broader history of addressing student misconduct and institutional accountability.
  • Utilize All Reporting Avenues: Report hazing to Baylor’s Department of Student Conduct, BUPD, or the Title IX Office (especially if sexual misconduct is involved).
  • Document Meticulously: Given that Baylor is a private institution with a history of internal investigations, thorough personal documentation of hazing details is crucial. Collect digital evidence, witness names, and medical records.
  • Seek Prompt and Experienced Legal Advice: Contact Attorney911 immediately. Our experience in navigating complex institutional negligence claims, especially against private universities with unique cultural environments, can provide invaluable guidance for Comal County families seeking accountability at Baylor.

5.7 Where Comal County Families Send Their Kids Beyond the Largest Universities

While families in Comal County often send their children to the major universities discussed above, many also attend other excellent Texas institutions. It’s important to remember that hazing is a risk at any school where student organizations thrive. For example, many Comal County students attend Texas Lutheran University right in Seguin (Guadalupe County, bordering Comal), and Texas State University in nearby San Marcos (Hays County). Other popular choices include St. Mary’s University and the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) in San Antonio, both within easy driving distance. Beyond these, students often travel to Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, or University of North Texas in Denton. Regardless of the institution, Attorney911 operates statewide and can assist families from Comal County and across Texas with hazing cases wherever they occur.

6. FRATERNITIES & SORORITIES: CAMPUS-SPECIFIC + NATIONAL HISTORIES

For Comal County families, understanding the role of national fraternities and sororities is paramount when considering hazing. A chapter’s local activities, whether at the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, or Baylor, are inextricably linked to the history, policies, and, unfortunately, often the repeating patterns of its national organization.

6.1 Why National Histories Matter in Hazing Cases

When we pursue hazing litigation, the national fraternity or sorority’s history isn’t just background noise; it’s often the crucial element for proving foreseeability and institutional negligence. Here’s why it’s so vital:

  • Pattern of Behavior: Many national organizations have a documented history of hazing incidents—including deaths and severe injuries—across numerous chapters in different states. This pattern demonstrates that the national body has prior knowledge of these dangerous activities.
  • Foreseeability: If a specific hazing ritual (e.g., forced alcohol consumption in “Big/Little” events, physical abuse during a “pledge run”) has led to injury or death at one chapter, the national organization can no longer claim it was “unforeseeable” when the same or similar acts occur at another chapter, even thousands of miles away in Texas.
  • Failure to Act: National HQs develop anti-hazing policies and risk management programs precisely because of past tragedies. A major question in litigation is whether these policies were genuinely enforced, or merely “paper policies” designed to shield from liability without truly preventing harm.
  • Negligent Supervision: Nationals are often responsible for training local chapter officers, providing advisors, and overseeing chapter activities. A consistent pattern of hazing across chapters can indicate a failure in their duty to adequately supervise and educate, contributing to a dangerous environment.
  • Deterring Future Harm: Holding national organizations accountable through significant judgments and settlements encourages them to implement meaningful changes, not just at the local level, but across their entire system, thereby protecting future pledges.

In essence, when a Texas chapter, perhaps at UT Austin or Texas A&M, repeats the same script that crippled another pledge at Penn State or Florida State, Attorney911 argues that the national organization had a duty to know and a duty to prevent.

6.2 High-Incident National Organizations & Their Histories

While nearly any organization can engage in hazing, certain national fraternities have unfortunately been repeatedly linked to severe incidents. Here’s how some of their histories connect to litigation strategies in Texas:

  • Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ / Pike): This national fraternity has faced multiple high-profile hazing deaths and severe injuries.

    • Stone Foltz (Bowling Green State University, 2021): A pledge died from alcohol poisoning after being forced to drink an entire bottle of whiskey. This led to criminal convictions and a $10 million settlement, with $7 million from the national fraternity. The chapter president was personally ordered to pay $6.5 million.
    • David Bogenberger (Northern Illinois University, 2012): Another pledge died from alcohol poisoning during a fraternity event, resulting in a $14 million settlement for the family.
    • Significance for Texas: If a Pi Kappa Alpha chapter at a Texas university engages in forced drinking rituals for pledges, the national organization cannot claim ignorance of the lethal danger, as these past cases clearly establish a pattern of “Big/Little” alcohol hazing leading to death.

  • Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ / SAE): Long dubbed “America’s deadliest fraternity” by some media outlets due to its history of hazing deaths, SAE has initiated significant policy changes, including banning pledging, yet incidents persist.

    • Texas A&M University (2021): As noted in Section 5, two pledges alleged they suffered severe chemical burns from industrial-strength cleaner during a ritual, leading to a $1 million lawsuit.
    • University of Texas at Austin (2024): A critical case where an Australian exchange student alleged assault by SAE members, resulting in serious injuries and a $1 million lawsuit. The chapter was already under university suspension for prior violations.
    • University of Alabama (2023): A pledge allegedly suffered a traumatic brain injury during a hazing ritual, leading to a lawsuit against the fraternity.
    • Previous Deaths: Numerous alcohol-related deaths in the decade leading up to 2014, when SAE banned pledging.
    • Significance for Texas: These Texas incidents confirm that even with national policy changes, hazing culture can persist. The national organization’s extensive history creates a strong argument for “knew or should have known” liability in any subsequent incident.

  • Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ): This fraternity has also been linked to major hazing tragedies.

    • Max Gruver (Louisiana State University, 2017): A pledge died from extreme alcohol poisoning during a “Bible study” drinking game. This led to criminal convictions and a $6.1 million civil verdict (plus prior settlements) for Max’s family, as noted in Section 4.
    • Significance for Texas: If a Phi Delta Theta chapter at Baylor or another Texas school engages in similar forced drinking games, the national organization faces clear foreseeability arguments due to the Gruver case.

  • Pi Kappa Phi (ΠΚΦ): This national fraternity is actively involved in an Attorney911 lawsuit.

  • Phi Gamma Delta (ΦΓΔ / FIJI):

    • Danny Santulli (University of Missouri, 2021): A pledge suffered severe, permanent brain damage after being forced to consume excessive alcohol, leading to settlements with 22 defendants, including the fraternity, reportedly worth multi-millions.
    • Significance for Texas: The Santulli case, with its catastrophic non-fatal injury and multiple settlements, provides a template for pursuing all responsible parties in severe hazing cases, even when they occur at Texas schools.

6.3 Tie Back to Legal Strategy: Proving Foreseeability and Accountability

The repeated tragedies involving these and other national Greek organizations are not random anomalies. They represent a clear pattern that forms the bedrock of our legal strategy at Attorney911.

  • Proving National’s Knowledge: By uncovering a national organization’s history of similar hazing incidents across the country (through aggressive legal discovery), we can demonstrate that they knew, or should have known, about the inherent dangers of certain “traditions” or behaviors.
  • Challenging “Rogue Chapter” Defenses: When a national fraternity claims a local Texas chapter acted “rogue” or “violated policy,” we can counter by showing how such violations are common and unaddressed within their broader system. Their anti-hazing policies are often “paper policies” if not genuinely enforced.
  • Building a Precedent: Every successful hazing lawsuit, especially those with significant awards or settlements in Texas and beyond, reinforces the precedent for stricter accountability. This not only compensates victims but also pushes national organizations and universities to prioritize safety over secrecy and tradition.

For Comal County families seeking justice after hazing, the battle is not just against a local chapter, but against an entire system. Attorney911 understands how to leverage these national patterns to build a compelling case for personal injury and wrongful death.

7. BUILDING A CASE: EVIDENCE, DAMAGES, STRATEGY

Successfully pursuing a hazing lawsuit requires far more than just a victim’s testimony. It demands a sophisticated legal strategy, meticulous evidence collection, and a deep understanding of the types of damages that can be recovered. For Comal County families impacted by hazing, knowing what goes into building a solid case is empowering.

7.1 Evidence: The Foundation of Every Hazing Case

In hazing litigation, evidence is paramount. It tells the story of what happened, who was involved, and who neglected their duty to prevent harm. Unlike traditional personal injury cases, hazing often happens in secret, making covert evidence collection crucial. Attorney911 leverages modern investigative techniques to uncover and preserve critical evidence.

  • Digital Communications (The Modern Smoking Gun):
    Group chats, direct messages (DMs), and online interactions are now the most vital source of evidence.

    • Platforms: GroupMe, WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram, iMessage/SMS, Discord, Slack, and even fraternity-specific apps are typically where hazing is planned and documented.
    • Content: Messages reveal explicit instructions, threats, derogatory comments aimed at pledges, plans for “events,” reactions to injuries, and attempts to cover up incidents.
    • Preservation: Screenshots are gold. It’s critical to capture full screens with sender names, timestamps, and context before messages are deleted. Digital forensics can often recover deleted messages, but original screenshots are best. Attorney911’s video “Use Your Cellphone to Document a Legal Case” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) provides essential guidance on this critical first step.

  • Photos & Videos:
    The ubiquity of smartphones means hazing is often recorded.

    • Event Footage: Videos captured by members or pledges during hazing events are powerful. This includes footage of forced drinking, physical abuse, humiliating acts, or even delayed medical response.
    • Injury Documentation: Immediate, clear photos of any injuries (bruises, burns, swelling) from multiple angles, taken with a ruler or coin for scale, are crucial. Documenting the progression of injuries over several days is also vital.
    • Scene Photos: Pictures of the location where hazing occurred, including any alcohol bottles, paddles, props, or unsanitary conditions.
    • Metadata: Digital photos and videos often contain metadata (date, time, location) that can authenticate the evidence.

  • Social Media Evidence:

    • Posts & Stories: Public or private social media posts (Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, Facebook) showing hazing activities. Even seemingly “fun” posts can reveal illicit activities.
    • Location Tags & Hashtags: Geo-tagged posts or specific hashtags can help locate events and link them to organizations.
    • Disappearing Content: Snapchat and Instagram’s “vanish mode” make quick screenshots essential.

  • Internal Organizational Documents:
    Through legal discovery, Attorney911 can demand access to:

    • Pledge Manuals/Handbooks: These often contain explicit or implicit instructions for prohibited activities.
    • Ritual Books & Initiation Scripts: Revealing the “traditions” that may constitute hazing.
    • Emails/Texts: Communications between local chapter officers, national representatives, and advisors discussing new member activities.
    • National Policies: The national fraternity/sorority’s anti-hazing policies, risk management guidelines, and training materials.

  • University Records:
    These records can reveal a university’s prior knowledge and response to hazing.

    • Prior Discipline: Records of past hazing violations, probation, or suspensions against the same chapter, athletic team, or organization. UT Austin’s public Hazing Violations page is an example of such a resource.
    • Incident Reports: Reports filed with campus police (UHPD, TAMUPD, UTPD, SMU PD, BUPD), Student Conduct, or the Title IX Office.
    • Internal Communications: Emails and memos between administrators, Greek life advisors, and coaches regarding hazing concerns.
    • Clery Act Reports: Showing patterns of alcohol-related offenses or assaults on campus.

  • Medical and Psychological Records:
    Crucial for establishing the extent of a victim’s injuries and suffering.

    • Emergency Room/Hospital Records: Detailing initial injuries, treatments, toxicology reports (alcohol/drugs), and diagnoses. Importantly, ensure medical providers document if the injuries were a result of hazing.
    • Specialist Reports: From orthopedic surgeons, neurologists (for brain injuries), nephrologists (for kidney failure, as in the Bermudez case), and other specialists detailing short-term and long-term care needs.
    • Psychological Evaluations: Documentation from therapists, psychiatrists, or counselors diagnosing PTSD, depression, anxiety, or other mental health impacts. These records are critical for demonstrating non-economic damages.

  • Witness Testimony:

    • Pledges/New Members: Other individuals who endured the hazing.
    • Active Members: Those who participated, witnessed, or planned the hazing.
    • Former Members/Withdrawals: Individuals who left the organization due to hazing.
    • Bystanders: Roommates, friends, RAs, coaches, or faculty who observed relevant events.

7.2 Damages: What Victims and Families Can Recover

When hazing causes injury or death, victims and their families are entitled to seek compensation for a wide range of losses. These “damages” are categorized to ensure all aspects of suffering and financial hardship are addressed. Attorney911 works diligently to ensure no stone is left unturned in valuing these claims. (For a more in-depth understanding, refer to Appendix E: Damages & Recovery Framework.)

A. Economic Damages: These are quantifiable financial losses.

  • Medical Expenses:
    • Past: All costs related to emergency care, hospitalization, surgeries, medications, and therapy for injuries sustained from hazing.
    • Future: Projected costs for ongoing medical treatment, long-term rehabilitation, psychiatric care, and specialized equipment, especially in cases of catastrophic injury like brain damage or organ failure (like Leonel Bermudez’s acute kidney failure).
  • Lost Income & Earning Capacity:
    • Past Lost Wages: Income lost if the student or a parent had to miss work due to injuries or caregiving.
    • Lost Educational Opportunities: Costs of tuition for semesters missed, loss of scholarships, or delayed graduation which can impact career entry.
    • Diminished Future Earning Capacity: If injuries (physical or psychological) are permanent, an economist would calculate the potential loss of lifetime earnings.
  • Other Direct Costs: Includes things like property damage (if possessions were destroyed during hazing) or relocation costs if a student transfers schools due to trauma.

B. Non-Economic Damages: These compensate for subjective, non-financial losses, representing the human cost of hazing.

  • Physical Pain & Suffering: Compensation for the actual physical pain endured from injuries.
  • Mental Anguish & Emotional Distress: This covers the profound psychological impact, including PTSD, anxiety, depression, humiliation, terror, and the emotional trauma of enduring hazing. Psychological records are vital here.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: Compensation for the inability to participate in activities, hobbies, or social life that the victim once enjoyed, and the overall reduced quality of life.
  • Disfigurement: If injuries result in permanent scarring or disfigurement (e.g., severe burns from chemical hazing, as seen in the Texas A&M SAE case).

C. Wrongful Death Damages (for Families): In the most tragic cases, where hazing causes death, qualifying family members can recover:

  • Funeral & Burial Expenses: Direct costs associated with the passing of a loved one.
  • Loss of Financial Support: If the deceased would have contributed financially to the family (e.g., supporting parents later in life).
  • Loss of Companionship, Love, and Society: The profound, intangible loss of the deceased’s presence, care, comfort, and guidance to parents, siblings, or a spouse.
  • Grief and Mental Anguish: Compensation for the immense suffering and emotional pain experienced by the surviving family members.

D. Punitive Damages:
These are not meant to compensate the victim, but to punish egregious conduct and deter future similar actions.

  • When Applicable: Punitive damages may be awarded in Texas if the defendant’s conduct was exceptionally reckless, malicious, or grossly negligent, demonstrating a conscious disregard for the safety of others.
  • Impact: When awarded, these damages can be substantial and send a powerful message to organizations and institutions that such behavior will not be tolerated.

For Comal County families, understanding these categories means understanding the full scope of potential recovery. Attorney911 works with a network of experts, including economists and life care planners, to accurately calculate and present these damages.

7.3 Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

The path to obtaining compensation often involves navigating a complex web of defendants and their insurance policies. Unlike a simple accident, hazing cases often involve multiple layers of responsibility.

  • Multiple Defendants, Multiple Responsibilities: As discussed in Section 3, liability can extend from individual students to the local chapter, national organization, the university, housing corporations, and even off-campus property owners. Each defendant may have different duties and varying degrees of culpability.
  • Insurance Companies: The Real Payout Source: Behind most large organizations (national fraternities, universities, housing corporations) are powerful insurance companies. These insurers are generally the source of funds for settlements or judgments. Their goal is almost always to minimize payouts, or deny coverage entirely.
  • “Intentional Act” Exclusions: A common tactic by insurance companies is to deny coverage by claiming that hazing is an “intentional act.” Most liability policies exclude coverage for intentional torts or criminal acts. However, an experienced hazing attorney understands how to argue around these exclusions by focusing on allegations of negligent supervision, failure to act, or reckless disregard on the part of the institutions, which may fall within coverage.
  • Former Defense Insight: Lupe Peña’s background as a former insurance defense attorney at a national firm (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/) is invaluable here. She understands the strategies insurers use to deny and delay claims, how they interpret policy language, and their internal valuation processes. “We know their playbook because we used to run it,” she often says. This insider knowledge gives Attorney911 a significant advantage in compelling insurance companies to pay fair compensation.
  • Strategic Litigation: Identifying all potential insurance policies (e.g., the local chapter’s policy, the national organization’s general liability policy, the university’s umbrella policy, even homeowners’ policies of individual members) is crucial. A skilled attorney will know how to “stack” these policies to ensure maximum recovery.

For Comal County families, this means the fight for justice is often against sophisticated defense teams and corporate insurers. Having a legal team that understands this intricate dance, from identifying all culpable parties to forcing insurers to honor their obligations, is critical for a successful outcome.

8. PRACTICAL GUIDES & FAQS

Hazing is often a hidden ordeal, leaving parents and students feeling isolated and unsure of where to turn. This section provides immediate, actionable guidance, helping Comal County families navigate the difficult emotional and legal terrain of hazing.

8.1 For Parents: Recognizing & Responding to Hazing

Parents are often the first to notice subtle, yet concerning, changes in their child that may signal hazing. Trust your instincts.

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed:

Physical Signs:

  • Unexplained Injuries: Bruises, burns, cuts, or sprains that your child can’t (or won’t) explain, or whose explanations seem inconsistent. These can also be from sleep deprivation and exhaustion leading to falls.
  • Extreme Fatigue: Consistent, overwhelming exhaustion beyond normal college stress. Your child may be functioning on very little sleep, appearing constantly drained.
  • Sudden Weight Changes: Noticeable weight loss (due to food/water deprivation) or gain (from stress eating, or forced consumption).
  • Illness: Frequent colds, infections, or other physical ailments due to stress, lack of sleep, or poor hygiene forced by hazing.
  • Gastrointestinal Issues: Constant nausea, stomach pains, or changes in bowel habits.
  • Signs of Substance Abuse: Evidence of excessive alcohol consumption (e.g., frequent hangovers) or drug use, even if prior history suggested otherwise. Look for tremors or other signs of withdrawal.

Behavioral & Emotional Changes:

  • Increased Secrecy: Unwillingness to discuss activities related to their organization, often using phrases like “It’s a secret” or “I can’t talk about it.”
  • Withdrawal: Pulling away from family, old friends, or non-organizational activities.
  • Mood Swings: Sudden irritability, anxiety, depression, anger, extreme stress, or an uncharacteristic sullenness.
  • Personality Shift: A once-confident child becomes withdrawn, anxious, or overly subservient.
  • Defensiveness/Fear: Becoming defensive when asked about the group, or expressing fear of unknown consequences if they “fail” or leave.
  • Negative Outlook: Expressing a general sense of hopelessness, or just wanting “to get through this.”
  • Obsession with the Group: An unhealthy focus on pleasing older members, or a complete dedication to the group that overrides all other priorities.

Academic Red Flags:

  • Declining Grades: A sudden and significant drop in academic performance.
  • Missed Classes/Assignments: Skipping lectures, sleeping through classes, or failing to complete assignments due to mandatory group activities.
  • Loss of Interest: Appears disengaged or unmotivated in their studies.

Financial Red Flags:

  • Unexpected Expenses: Frequent requests for money without clear explanations, or unexpected charges for “fines,” “dues,” or required purchases for the organization or older members.
  • Buying for Others: Being required to buy alcohol, food, or services for older members.

Digital/Social Behavior:

  • Constant Phone Use Anxiety: Jumpy or highly anxious when their phone buzzes, indicating a constant state of alert for instructions.
  • Secretive Phone Use: Hiding their phone, or quickly deleting messages/apps when you approach.
  • Deleted Messages: Group chats on platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, or Snapchat that mysteriously contain deleted messages.
  • Location Tracking: A newly installed location-sharing app (e.g., Life360, Find My Friends) on their phone that they were forced to activate.

How to Talk to Your Child:

If you observe these signs, approach your child with empathy, not accusation.

  1. Choose the Right Moment: A calm, private setting is best, away from campus pressures.
  2. Express Concern, Not Judgment: Start with “I’m worried about you because…” focusing on observed behaviors rather than blaming.
  3. Listen Actively: Let them talk, even if it’s difficult to hear. Avoid interrupting or judging their choices.
  4. Validate Feelings: Acknowledge that the intense desire to belong is normal.
  5. Reassure Support: Emphasize that your primary concern is their safety and well-being, and you will support them regardless of their choices.
  6. Ask Direct Questions (Gently):
    • “Are you being asked to do anything that makes you uncomfortable or feel unsafe?”
    • “Are you being told to keep any secrets from me or from the university?”
    • “Is anyone forcing you to drink alcohol or do anything illegal?”
    • “Do you feel you can leave this group if you wanted to, without negative consequences?”
  7. Emphasize Safety Over Status: Remind them that no organization is worth their physical or mental health.

What to Do If You Suspect Hazing:

Immediate Safety:

  • GET MEDICAL ATTENTION FIRST. If your child is injured, severely intoxicated, or in immediate danger, call 911 or take them to the nearest hospital in Comal County (e.g., Resolute Health Hospital in New Braunfels) or wherever they are located. Prioritize their health above all else. Confirm that medical staff is informed of the hazing context for accurate documentation.
  • Remove from Danger: If possible and safe, get your child to a secure location (dorm, your home in Comal County, a trusted friend’s place).

Document Everything (This is CRITICAL):

  • Write Detailed Notes: Immediately record everything your child tells you, including dates, times, locations, names of individuals involved, specific acts of hazing, and any demands made. Add any observations you made. This forms invaluable contemporaneous evidence.
  • Preserve Digital Evidence: Crucially, screenshot all group chats, texts, DMs, social media posts, or videos immediately. These can disappear rapidly. If your child shows you something on their phone, photograph their screen. Attorney911’s video “Use Your Cellphone to Document a Legal Case” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) offers detailed advice on effective digital evidence collection.
  • Photograph Injuries: Take clear, close-up photos of any physical injuries (bruises, burns, swelling) from multiple angles, ideally with a ruler for scale. Continue photographing daily to document progression.
  • Save Physical Evidence: If there are any relevant physical items (stained clothing, damaged personal property, unusual objects related to hazing), carefully preserve them.

Reporting (Strategically):

  • Legal Consultation First: Before making any official reports to the university or police, contact an attorney experienced in hazing cases immediately. An attorney can:
    • Advise you on the best course of action (e.g., local police, university officials, national hotline).
    • Help preserve evidence before it vanishes.
    • Protect your child from potential retaliation or institutional pressure.
    • Ensure your rights are protected throughout the process.
  • Campus Authorities: Depending on your legal strategy, reports can be made to the Dean of Students Office, Student Conduct, or Campus Police.
  • Local Police: If crimes (assault, false imprisonment, providing alcohol to minors, sexual assault) occurred, you can file a criminal complaint with the Comal County Sheriff’s Office or local New Braunfels Police Department, or the municipality where the university is located.
  • National Anti-Hazing Hotline: 1-888-NOT-HAZE is an anonymous, 24/7 resource for reporting.

What NOT to Do:

  • Do NOT Confront Directly: Do not approach the fraternity members, coaches, or organizational leaders directly. This can escalate the situation, put your child at risk, and lead to the destruction of evidence.
  • Do NOT Sign Anything: Do not sign any documents from the university or an insurance company without legal review. You could unknowingly waive important rights.
  • Do NOT Post Publicly: Avoid posting details on public social media. This can jeopardize a future legal case by compromising privacy or witness testimony.

8.2 For Students / Pledges: Self-Assessment & Safety Planning

If you’re a student in Comal County or anywhere in Texas contemplating joining a new group, or currently in a new member process, your safety and well-being are paramount. Understanding your rights and recognizing dangerous situations can literally save your life.

Is This Hazing? Your Decision Guide:

Ask yourself these critical questions honestly. If you answer YES to any, you are likely experiencing hazing:

  • Is this activity degrading, humiliating, or embarrassing? Does it make you feel small, ashamed, or worthless?
  • Would I feel comfortable doing this activity in front of my parents, professors, or a college dean? If not, there’s a problem.
  • Am I being forced or pressured to do something I don’t want to do? Is there an implicit or explicit threat of social exclusion, physical harm, or removal from the group if you refuse?
  • Does this activity endanger my physical or mental health? Am I being deprived of sleep, food, water, or forced to consume substances? Am I undergoing extreme physical exertion?
  • Are older members making new members do things that they themselves are unwilling to do? Is there a clear power imbalance being exploited?
  • Am I being ordered to keep secrets from anyone? Are you told, “What happens here, stays here”?
  • Does this activity interfere with my academic performance or my ability to lead a normal life? Am I constantly tired, stressed, or missing classes due to required activities?
  • Does “consent” feel truly voluntary, or is it coerced by intense peer pressure and a desire to belong?

Remember, under Texas Education Code § 37.155, your “consent” is not a defense for hazing. You cannot consent to illegal activity. No matter what they tell you, if an activity fits the definition above, it is hazing.

How to Exit Safely & Report:

Your health and safety come first. You always have the right to leave any new member process, regardless of threats or promises.

  1. Prioritize Immediate Safety:

    • If you are in immediate physical danger, experiencing a medical emergency, or witnessing one: Call 911 immediately. Do not delay. In Texas, there are “Good Samaritan” laws (Medical Amnesty) that offer limited immunity from alcohol-related disciplinary action for students who seek medical help in an emergency. Your life, or the life of a friend, is more important than “getting in trouble.”
    • Get to a safe place: your dorm, a trusted friend’s apartment, a public and well-lit area, or contact your parents in Comal County to come get you.

  2. Document and Preserve What You Can:

    • Before leaving the group, or as soon as possible, screenshot every relevant message, photo, or video from group chats (GroupMe, WhatsApp, Snapchat, Instagram DMs, etc.). Capture names, timestamps, and full context.
    • Take photos of any injuries you or others sustained.
    • Write down everything you remember: who, what, when, where, specific quotes, demands, and witnesses.
    • Save any physical items related to the hazing.

  3. Inform an Outside Authority:

    • You can quietly leave: You are not required to give a dramatic speech or confront anyone directly. A simple email or text to the new member educator or chapter president stating, “I am withdrawing from the new member process immediately” is sufficient.
    • Tell a Trusted Adult: Confide in a Resident Advisor (RA), a trusted professor, a coach, your parents, or a university counseling service.
    • Formal Reporting:
      • University Officials: Report to your university’s Dean of Students Office, Student Conduct, or the Title IX Coordinator (if sexual misconduct is involved).
      • Campus Police: The University Police Department (e.g., UHPD, TAMUPD, UTPD, SMU PD, BUPD) if crimes occurred.
      • Local Police: The local police department in the city where the hazing occurred (e.g., New Braunfels Police Department, San Marcos Police Department, Houston Police Department) if you fear for your safety or crimes were committed off-campus.
      • National Anti-Hazing Hotline: 1-888-NOT-HAZE – offers anonymous reporting 24/7.
    • Consult an Attorney: Contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We can advise you on your legal rights, help you navigate reporting processes, and protect you from potential retaliation.

  4. Protect Yourself from Retaliation:

    • If anyone from the organization attempts to contact you, harass you, or makes threats after you leave or report, document everything.
    • Report any new threats or harassment to university officials and campus police immediately. Harassment and cyberstalking are illegal.

8.3 For Former Members / Witnesses: Speaking Up Can Save Lives

If you are a former member, an alumni advisor, or a witness to hazing in Comal County or at a Texas university, your testimony can be invaluable in preventing future tragedies and holding wrongdoers accountable. We understand the enormous pressure to remain silent, the fear of “snitching,” and the potential for social ostracization. However, your perspective can be the key to justice.

  • Acknowledge Your Power: You possess intimate knowledge of the organization’s inner workings, traditions, and the individuals involved. This information can confirm patterns, expose cover-ups, and corroborate a victim’s account.
  • Your Testimony Prevents Harm: Speaking out, even anonymously, can force institutions to address systemic issues. It could directly prevent another student from suffering severe injury or death. Many anti-hazing advocates are parents who wish a witness had come forward earlier.
  • Legal Protections Exist:
    • Good-Faith Reporting Immunity: As outlined in Texas Education Code § 37.154, individuals who report hazing in good faith are typically immune from civil and criminal liability relating to that report.
    • Anonymity: Many universities and the National Anti-Hazing Hotline offer anonymous reporting options. While anonymity may limit the depth of an investigation, it can be a vital first step.
    • Legal Counsel: If you are concerned about your own legal exposure as a witness or former participant, an attorney can advise you confidentially on your rights and obligations, and how to proceed safely. Attorney911 can provide this guidance, protecting your interests while helping ensure justice for a victim.
  • The Ethical Imperative: While loyalty to an organization is strong, it should never supersede the safety and well-being of another human being. When an organization’s “traditions” put lives at risk, a higher moral obligation exists.

If you have information about hazing, whether it involves the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, Baylor, or any other institution, please consider contacting Attorney911. We can discuss how your information might contribute to a case, whether you choose to remain anonymous, and how to protect yourself throughout the process. Your courage can make a profound difference.

8.4 Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Hazing Case

For Comal County families navigating the aftermath of hazing, the immediate post-incident period is critical. Mistakes made in these early hours and days can severely jeopardize any future claim for justice and accountability. These are not minor missteps; they are fundamental errors that defense attorneys exploit.

  1. Letting Your Child Delete Messages or “Clean Up” Evidence:

    • Why it’s wrong: In a moment of panic or a desire to protect friends/the organization, students often delete incriminating group chats, texts, or photos. This looks like a cover-up, can be legally construed as obstruction of justice, and makes establishing a clear timeline and intent incredibly difficult for your legal team.
    • What to do instead: Immediately screenshot and save everything, no matter how embarrassing or incriminating it seems. Preserve social media posts, direct messages, and even calls. Utilize cloud storage or email copies to a trusted family member. Attorney911’s video, “Use Your Cellphone to Document a Legal Case” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs), provides crucial tips on this.

  2. Confronting the Fraternity/Sorority, Coach, or Organization Directly:

    • Why it’s wrong: While understandable, confronting the perpetrators directly alerts them that they are “under investigation.” This invariably leads to: the immediate destruction of evidence, collective agreement on a false narrative, and coaching witnesses. It puts your child at further risk of retaliation.
    • What to do instead: Document everything in secret first. Then, call Attorney911. We will advise you on the appropriate steps, which often involve discreetly building a case before any direct communication.

  3. Signing University “Release” or “Resolution” Forms Without Legal Counsel:

    • Why it’s wrong: Universities, especially in the wake of a hazing incident, are adept at managing crises. They may offer swift “internal resolutions,” counseling services, or even financial assistance. However, these often come with clauses that require you to waive your right to sue or publicly discuss the incident. Accepting such a “solution” can prematurely close off significant legal avenues and bind you to a lowball offer.
    • What to do instead: Do not sign anything from the university or an insurance company without having an attorney experienced in hazing cases review it.

  4. Posting Details on Public Social Media Before Consulting a Lawyer:

    • Why it’s wrong: While the urge to share your child’s story is natural, public social media posts can be weaponized by defense attorneys. Inconsistencies between early public accounts and later legal statements can damage credibility, and your posts could inadvertently reveal sensitive information or waive legal privileges.
    • What to do instead: Document everything privately. Your legal team at Attorney911 will advise you on strategic public communication, if any, and ensure it aligns with your legal goals.

  5. Letting Your Child Attend “One Last Meeting” or “Talks” After Reporting:

    • Why it’s wrong: Organizations (and sometimes even universities) may pressure students to attend “mediation” or “closure meetings” after hazing is reported. These rarely serve the victim’s best interest. They are often designed to pressure the victim, extract statements that could weaken a case, or further intimidate them.
    • What to do instead: Once you are considering legal action, all communication with the organization or university regarding the incident should go through your attorney.

  6. Waiting “to See How the University Handles It” Before Consulting a Lawyer:

    • Why it’s wrong: University investigations are administrative processes focused on policy violations. They are not designed to secure compensation for your child or hold all parties financially accountable. While university sanctions are important, they do not replace legal action. Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate, and memories fade while you wait. The statute of limitations (the deadline to file a lawsuit) can also expire.
    • What to do instead: Consult Attorney911 immediately. We can advise you on how to cooperate with a university investigation without compromising your legal rights, and simultaneously work to preserve evidence and build your case for civil litigation.

  7. Talking to Insurance Adjusters Without an Attorney:

    • Why it’s wrong: Insurance adjusters, even if they sound friendly, represent the interests of the defendants (fraternities, universities). They are trained to collect statements and information that can be used against you and to settle claims for the lowest possible amount. Your recorded statements can permanently harm your case.
    • What to do instead: Politely decline to provide a statement and inform them that your attorney will be in contact. Lupe Peña’s experience as a former insurance defense attorney gives Attorney911 unique insight into their tactics.

8.5 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

“Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”

Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities in Texas (like the University of Houston, Texas A&M, UT Austin) often claim sovereign immunity, which can limit their financial liability. However, exceptions exist for claims of gross negligence, premises defects, and when federal laws like Title IX are violated. Private universities (such as SMU and Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections. Every case is unique and depends on specific facts. Contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a case-specific analysis.

“Is hazing a felony in Texas?”

Yes, it can be. While hazing typically begins as a Class B misdemeanor under Texas law, it escalates significantly. It becomes a Class A misdemeanor if it results in bodily injury. More critically, hazing that causes serious bodily injury or death is a State Jail Felony in Texas. Individuals involved in hazing can also face charges for related crimes such as assault, providing alcohol to minors, or sexual assault. Those who fail to report hazing can also face misdemeanor charges.

“Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation rituals or didn’t explicitly say no?”

Absolutely. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that “consent is not a defense” to hazing. The law recognizes that in environments of intense peer pressure, power imbalances, and a desperate desire for acceptance, “agreement” is often coerced, not truly voluntary. Your child is the victim, despite any apparent “consent.”

“How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit in Texas?”

Generally, the statute of limitations for personal injury claims in Texas, including those arising from hazing, is two years from the date of injury or death. However, this period can sometimes be extended by the “discovery rule” if the harm or its true cause wasn’t immediately apparent. In cases involving intentional concealment or fraud, the statute might be tolled (paused). Time is a critical factor – evidence disappears, witnesses’ memories fade, and legal deadlines approach quickly. It is imperative to contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately after an incident.

“What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house rental?”

The location of hazing does not absolve responsibility. Texas hazing law specifically states that hazing is illegal “on or off campus.” As shown in national cases like Michael Deng’s death (Pi Delta Psi at a Pennsylvania retreat), organizations and individuals can be held liable for incidents occurring off-campus. Universities can also be held liable based on their knowledge, sponsorship of the organization, and failure to enforce policies or intervene, regardless of the physical location.

“Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”

The decision of how public your case becomes is largely yours. Many hazing cases ultimately settle confidentially before going to trial, meaning the terms and details are kept private. Attorney911 prioritizes your family’s privacy interests while aggressively pursuing accountability. We can discuss strategies for managing public attention and the courts also offer some mechanisms for privacy protection during litigation.

“How much will a hazing lawyer cost? We’re worried about legal fees.”

At Attorney911, we handle hazing cases on a contingency fee basis. This means you pay no upfront fees, and we only get paid if we win your case through a settlement or trial verdict. Our fees are a percentage of the recovery. This ensures that every Comal County family has access to top-tier legal representation, regardless of their financial situation. For a detailed explanation, watch our video “How Do Contingency Fees Work?” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc).

9. ABOUT THE MANGINELLO LAW FIRM + CALL TO ACTION

When your family in Comal County faces the devastating impact of hazing, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need a legal team that understands the nuanced landscape of campus abuse, the tactics of powerful institutions, and how to fight fiercely for justice. Attorney911, The Manginello Law Firm, is precisely that team.

From our Houston office, we serve families across Comal County and throughout Texas, understanding that hazing at major Texas universities deeply affects communities like yours. We don’t just represent clients; we become advocates for change, leveraging our unique blend of legal expertise, unwavering dedication, and an insider’s perspective to hold those responsible accountable.

9.1 Why Attorney911 for Hazing Cases: Our Unrivaled Edge

Our firm is uniquely positioned to handle the complexities of hazing litigation for several key reasons:

  • The Insurance Insider Advantage: Our associate attorney, Lupe Peña, brings an invaluable perspective. As a former insurance defense attorney at a national firm (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), she understands the intricate strategies used by fraternity and university insurance companies. Lupe knows their playbook inside and out — how they value or undervalue hazing claims, their delay tactics, and their arguments for denying coverage. This insider knowledge is a formidable advantage for our clients, ensuring we anticipate and counter their every move.
  • Complex Litigation Against Giants: Ralph Manginello, our managing partner (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/), has a proven track record of taking on immense institutional defendants and winning. His experience includes being one of the few Texas firms involved in the complex BP Texas City explosion litigation. This background demonstrates our capability and resolve to face off against national fraternities, multi-billion dollar universities, and their formidable legal teams without intimidation. As Ralph has often affirmed, “We’ve taken on billion-dollar corporations and won. We know how to fight powerful defendants.”
  • Pioneering Hazing Litigation in Texas: Attorney911 is at the forefront of hazing litigation in Texas. We are actively representing Leonel Bermudez in a $10 million lawsuit against the University of Houston and Pi Kappa Phi national fraternity for severe hazing allegations, which resulted in acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis. This is not just a case we read about; it’s a case we are actively litigating, shaping the future of hazing accountability right here in Texas. This puts us in a unique position to understand evolving legal theories and evidence best practices specific to Texas campuses.
  • Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death & Catastrophic Injury Experience: We don’t settle cases cheaply. We have a robust track record of securing multi-million dollar results in wrongful death and catastrophic personal injury cases (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/). Our expertise includes collaborating with economists, life care planners, and medical experts to accurately value cases involving severe brain injuries, permanent disabilities, organ damage, and lost earning capacity. This ensures your family receives comprehensive, long-term compensation.
  • Dual Criminal & Civil Expertise: Hazing often crosses into criminal territory. Ralph Manginello’s active membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) underscores our deep understanding of the criminal justice system. This dual expertise allows us to advise clients on how criminal charges (against perpetrators) can impact or run parallel to a civil lawsuit, and how to navigate situations where witnesses or even victims may face criminal exposure themselves.
  • Advanced Investigative & Forensic Capabilities: Modern hazing requires modern investigation. We leverage top digital forensics experts to recover deleted group chats, hidden social media evidence, and other crucial digital footprints. We meticulously subpoena university disciplinary records, national fraternity risk management files, and internal communications to expose patterns of negligence and cover-ups. We investigate like your child’s life depends on it – because it often does.
  • Empathetic Advocacy: We understand that hazing inflicts profound trauma. Our approach balances aggressive legal advocacy with compassionate support for your family. We are not just your lawyers; we are your advocates, dedicated to getting you answers, holding the right people accountable, and working tirelessly to prevent similar tragedies from befalling other families in Comal County and across Texas.

9.2 Don’t Face Hazing Alone: Your Call to Action

If you are a parent or student in Comal County, or anywhere across Texas, and hazing has cast a dark shadow over your life, you are not alone. The emotional, physical, and financial costs of hazing can be overwhelming, but you have rights, and you have options. The path to justice is complex, but with Attorney911, the Legal Emergency Lawyers™, you have experienced, compassionate, and tenacious legal representation on your side.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a Confidential Consultation today:

We invite you to reach out for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We will listen to your story without judgment, explain your legal options under Texas and federal law, and help you determine the best path forward for your family.

  • What to expect in your free consultation:
    • We will listen attentively to what happened.
    • We will review any evidence you have collected (photos, texts, medical records) and advise on how to preserve more.
    • We will clearly explain your legal options, including pursuing criminal reports, civil lawsuits, or both.
    • We will discuss realistic timelines and potential challenges you might face.
    • We will answer your questions about legal fees, reiterating our contingency fee model: you pay nothing upfront, and we only get paid if we win your case.
    • There is no pressure to hire us on the spot – take the time you need to decide.
    • Everything you share with us is held in strict confidence.

Whether you’re in New Braunfels, Seguin, or other communities in Comal County, or your child attends a university anywhere in Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. Don’t let valuable evidence disappear, and don’t allow institutions to control the narrative.

Call us today.

Hablamos Español:
For consultation in Spanish, please contact Lupe Peña directly:

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change rapidly. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com