Hazing at Texas Universities: A Comprehensive Legal Guide for Clifton, Bosque County & Central Texas Families

If Your Child Was Hazed at College, You’re Not Alone—And You Have Rights

Imagine this scenario, one that could happen to any family in Clifton, Bosque County, or across Central Texas: Your child—maybe a freshman at Texas A&M, a transfer student at UT Austin, or a first-generation college attendee at Tarleton State University—joins what they believe is a respected campus organization. What begins as “team building” or “tradition” escalates: forced drinking games that leave them vomiting, extreme workouts that cause muscle breakdown, sleep deprivation during finals week, humiliating acts captured on social media, or psychological manipulation that isolates them from family and friends.

When they finally confide in you, injured and traumatized, you face a bewildering landscape: a fraternity or sorority that circles the wagons, a university that promises to “handle it internally,” and a legal system that seems designed to protect powerful institutions rather than vulnerable students.

Right now, just a few hours from Clifton in Houston, our firm is fighting exactly this type of case. We represent Leonel Bermudez, a University of Houston student who suffered rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure after alleged hazing by the Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu chapter. According to the $10 million lawsuit filed in late 2025, Bermudez was forced through hundreds of push-ups and squats, sprayed in the face with a hose “similar to waterboarding,” made to lie in vomit-soaked grass, and required to carry a degrading “pledge fanny pack” containing condoms and sex toys. He was hospitalized for four days with critically elevated creatine kinase levels—a clear case of severe hazing that the university called “deeply disturbing” and that led to the fraternity chapter’s closure.

If you’re a parent in Clifton, Valley Mills, Meridian, or anywhere in Bosque County whose child has been hazed at any Texas university—whether at nearby schools like Tarleton State or major hubs like Texas A&M, UT Austin, Baylor, or University of Houston—this comprehensive guide explains your legal rights, the realities of modern hazing, and how experienced Texas hazing attorneys can help your family seek accountability and justice.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES

If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

• Call 911 for medical emergencies
• Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• We provide immediate help—that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

In the first 48 hours:

• Get medical attention immediately, even if your child insists they’re “fine”
• Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
  • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
  • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
  • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
• Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
• Do NOT:
  • Confront the fraternity/sorority directly
  • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
  • Post details on public social media
  • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

• Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed evidence, coached witnesses)
• Universities move quickly to control the narrative
• We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
• Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Understanding Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like in Texas

Beyond the Stereotypes: Modern Hazing Tactics

For families in Clifton and across Central Texas who may be unfamiliar with contemporary Greek life and campus organization culture, hazing has evolved far beyond the stereotypes of simple pranks or harmless initiation rituals. Today’s hazing is often systematic, psychologically sophisticated, and deliberately hidden from university oversight.

Alcohol and Substance Hazing remains the most common—and most dangerous—form. This includes forced drinking games like “Bible study” (wrong answers mean drinking), “lineups” where pledges must rapidly consume alcohol, and “Big/Little” nights where new members are given handles of liquor with expectations to finish them. The tragic cases of Stone Foltz at Bowling Green State University (Pi Kappa Alpha, 2021) and Max Gruver at LSU (Phi Delta Theta, 2017) both involved exactly these types of forced drinking rituals, resulting in fatal alcohol poisoning.

Physical Hazing has become more extreme and medically dangerous. The Leonel Bermudez case at University of Houston demonstrates this evolution: extreme calisthenics causing rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown that can lead to kidney failure), exposure to cold weather in minimal clothing, forced consumption of unpalatable foods until vomiting, and endurance tests designed to cause physical collapse. At Texas A&M, we’ve seen cases involving chemical burns from industrial cleaners poured on pledges and dangerous physical restraints in Corps of Cadets traditions.

Digital and Psychological Hazing represents the newest frontier. This includes 24/7 group chat monitoring where pledges must respond instantly at all hours, social media humiliation through forced TikTok challenges or Instagram story dares, sleep deprivation via constant late-night demands, and psychological manipulation that isolates new members from their support networks. The digital trail—GroupMe messages, Snapchat videos, Instagram stories—often provides the most compelling evidence in modern hazing cases.

Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing continues to cause profound trauma. This ranges from forced nudity and simulated sexual acts to degrading costumes and role-playing that targets students’ vulnerabilities. These acts are particularly devastating and can lead to complex PTSD alongside physical injuries.

Where Hazing Happens: It’s Not Just Fraternities

While fraternities receive the most media attention, hazing occurs across campus organizations:

• Sororities: Despite less media coverage, sorority hazing involving sleep deprivation, forced drinking, humiliating rituals, and psychological manipulation is well-documented
• Corps of Cadets and ROTC Programs: Military-style organizations with intense tradition cultures, as seen in Texas A&M Corps cases
• Athletic Teams: From football to cheerleading, athletic hazing often involves extreme physical tests, forced alcohol consumption, and sexualized rituals
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Multiple universities have faced band hazing scandals involving physical abuse and humiliation
• Spirit Organizations and Tradition Clubs: Groups like Texas Cowboys at UT Austin have faced hazing allegations
• Cultural and Academic Organizations: Even honor societies and cultural clubs can develop harmful initiation practices

For Clifton families whose children might join various campus organizations, understanding that hazing risk extends beyond Greek life is crucial. The common thread isn’t the type of organization but the combination of power imbalance, tradition justification, and secrecy.

Texas Hazing Law: What Clifton Families Need to Know

Texas Education Code Chapter 37: Your Legal Foundation

Texas has specific anti-hazing statutes that provide both criminal penalties and civil liability pathways. Understanding these laws is essential for families in Clifton, Bosque County, and throughout Central Texas.

Definition of Hazing (Texas Education Code §37.151):
Hazing means any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, directed against a student that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, AND
• Occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization

Key provisions affecting Clifton families:

1. Criminal Penalties (§37.152):

   • Class B Misdemeanor: Basic hazing (up to 180 days jail, fine up to $2,000)
   • Class A Misdemeanor: Hazing causing injury requiring medical treatment
   • State Jail Felony: Hazing causing serious bodily injury or death
   • Additional charges often apply: furnishing alcohol to minors, assault, manslaughter in fatal cases

2. Organizational Liability (§37.153):
   Fraternities, sororities, and other organizations can be criminally prosecuted if they authorized or encouraged hazing, or if officers knew about it and failed to report. Organizations face fines up to $10,000 per violation and potential campus banishment.

3. Consent is NOT a Defense (§37.155):
   This is crucial for families to understand: even if your child “agreed” to participate, that is not a legal defense to hazing charges. Texas law recognizes that power imbalances, peer pressure, and fear of exclusion create coercive environments where true voluntary consent doesn’t exist.

4. Good-Faith Reporting Protection (§37.154):
   Individuals who report hazing in good faith receive immunity from civil or criminal liability that might otherwise result from their own involvement. Many Texas universities extend this with medical amnesty policies—encouraging students to call 911 in emergencies without fear of underage drinking charges.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases: Understanding the Pathways

When hazing occurs, two parallel legal pathways may emerge:

Criminal Cases:

• Brought by the state (county or district attorney)
• Aim: Punishment (jail, fines, probation)
• Burden of proof: Beyond a reasonable doubt
• Typical hazing-related charges: hazing offenses, furnishing alcohol to minors, assault, manslaughter

Civil Cases:

• Brought by victims or surviving families
• Aim: Compensation for damages and accountability
• Burden of proof: Preponderance of the evidence (more likely than not)
• Legal theories: negligence, gross negligence, wrongful death, negligent supervision, premises liability

Critical Insight for Clifton Families: A criminal conviction is not required to pursue a civil case. In fact, many hazing cases proceed civilly even when criminal charges aren’t filed or result in acquittal. The standards and purposes differ significantly.

Federal Law Overlay: Stop Campus Hazing Act, Title IX, and Clery

Beyond Texas law, federal statutes create additional frameworks and reporting requirements:

Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024):

• Requires colleges receiving federal aid to report hazing incidents transparently
• Mandates strengthened hazing education and prevention programs
• Creates public hazing databases (phased implementation through 2026)
• Applies to all Texas public universities and most private ones

Title IX Implications:
When hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, or gender-based hostility, Title IX obligations trigger. Universities must investigate promptly and provide supportive measures. The Office for Civil Rights can investigate institutional responses.

Clery Act Requirements:
Colleges must report certain crimes occurring on or near campus in annual security reports. Hazing incidents involving assaults, alcohol crimes, or other Clery-reportable offenses must be included, creating public records families can access.

National Hazing Cases: Patterns That Repeat in Texas

The Alcohol Poisoning Pattern: Lessons from Fatalities

The most preventable hazing deaths follow a disturbingly consistent pattern, one that Texas families must recognize:

Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021):
The 20-year-old pledge was forced to drink nearly a full bottle of whiskey during a “Big/Little” event. He died from alcohol poisoning. Multiple fraternity members faced criminal convictions, and Bowling Green State University settled with the family for nearly $3 million. The national Pi Kappa Alpha organization paid additional millions. Texas connection: Pi Kappa Alpha has chapters at UT Austin, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and other Texas campuses. The same “Big/Little” drinking tradition exists in Texas chapters.

Max Gruver – LSU, Phi Delta Theta (2017):
During a “Bible study” drinking game, Gruver was forced to drink when answering questions incorrectly. His blood alcohol concentration reached 0.495%—more than six times the legal limit. His death led to Louisiana’s Max Gruver Act making hazing a felony. Texas connection: Phi Delta Theta maintains chapters at UT Austin, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and SMU. Similar drinking games are documented in Texas.

Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017):
At a “Big Brother” event, Coffey was given a handle of liquor and died from acute alcohol poisoning. The case led to FSU suspending all Greek life temporarily. Texas connection: Pi Kappa Phi is the fraternity involved in the ongoing Leonel Bermudez case at University of Houston, demonstrating how the same national organizations repeat patterns across state lines.

Physical and Ritualized Hazing: Beyond Alcohol

Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013):
During a fraternity retreat, Deng was blindfolded, weighted with a heavy backpack, and repeatedly tackled in a “glass ceiling” ritual. He suffered fatal head injuries while fraternity members delayed calling 911. The national fraternity was criminally convicted and banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years. Texas lesson: Off-campus retreats don’t eliminate liability—they often increase danger by removing institutional oversight.

Danny Santulli – University of Missouri, Phi Gamma Delta (2021):
The 18-year-old pledge suffered permanent, catastrophic brain damage after being forced to consume excessive alcohol during a “pledge dad reveal” night. He now requires 24/7 care for life. The family settled with 22 defendants, including multiple fraternity members. Texas connection: Phi Gamma Delta (FIJI) has chapters at UT Austin, Texas A&M, SMU, and Baylor.

Athletic Program Hazing: Not Just Greek Life

Northwestern University Football (2023-2025):
Former players alleged widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the football program over multiple years. Multiple lawsuits followed, head coach Pat Fitzgerald was fired (and later settled his wrongful-termination claim confidentially), and the university faces ongoing litigation. Texas relevance: Major athletic programs at Texas universities face similar risks and liability exposures.

What These National Cases Mean for Clifton Families

These patterns matter because:

1. Foreseeability: When a Texas chapter repeats conduct that caused deaths or injuries elsewhere, courts can find the organization should have known the risks
2. Pattern Evidence: Multiple incidents across chapters strengthen negligence claims against national headquarters
3. Settlement Values: Recent verdicts and settlements establish that serious hazing cases have seven- to eight-figure values
4. Institutional Accountability: Universities and nationals can’t claim “we didn’t know” when the same scripts play out repeatedly

The Texas University Landscape: Where Clifton Students Attend

Understanding Clifton’s Educational Pipeline

Families in Clifton, Bosque County, and surrounding Central Texas communities typically send their children to a mix of local/regional institutions and major Texas universities:

Nearby Regional Campuses (within 50-100 miles):

• Tarleton State University (Stephenville, Erath County): Just 60 miles from Clifton, part of the Texas A&M University System, with growing Greek life and campus organizations
• McLennan Community College (Waco): Many Clifton students begin here before transferring to four-year institutions
• Hill College (Hillsboro): Another common starting point for Bosque County students

Major Texas Universities Where Clifton Families Send Students:

• Texas A&M University (College Station): The most common destination for Clifton-area students, with robust Greek life, Corps of Cadets, and hundreds of student organizations
• Baylor University (Waco): Just 45 miles away, drawing many local students with its combination of academic and religious programming
• University of Texas at Austin: Attracts high-achieving students from throughout Central Texas
• Texas State University (San Marcos): Growing in popularity for its location and programs
• University of North Texas (Denton): Strong draw for arts, music, and business programs
• Texas Tech University (Lubbock): Attracts students from throughout the region

University of Houston Relevance: While farther geographically, UH matters to Clifton families because:

• The ongoing Leonel Bermudez Pi Kappa Phi case establishes legal precedents that apply statewide
• Many Clifton students transfer to UH after community college
• Houston’s job market attracts graduates from throughout Texas

The Greek Ecosystem Serving Clifton Families

Based on IRS filings and organizational records, here are some of the fraternities, sororities, and Greek organizations that operate in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metro area (which includes Bosque County) and at universities Clifton students attend:

Public Records: Fraternities, Sororities & Greek Organizations Connected to Clifton-Area Families

These organizations are recorded in IRS B83 filings (student fraternities/sororities category) and Cause IQ metro data, demonstrating the extensive Greek infrastructure in Texas:

In the DFW Metro Area (188+ Greek organizations):

• Beta Upsilon Chi Fraternity, EIN 742911848, Fort Worth, TX 76244 (IRS B83 + Cause IQ listing)
• Texas Kappa Sigma Educational Foundation Inc, EIN 741380362, Fort Worth, TX 76147 (IRS B83 + Cause IQ listing)
• Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, EIN 521278573, Dallas, TX 75241 (IRS B83 listing)
• Delta Sigma Theta Sorority – Fort Worth Alumnae, Fort Worth, TX (Cause IQ metro listing)
• Zeta Phi Beta Sorority Incorporated – Sigma Gamma Chapter, EIN 392352450, Houston, TX 77254 (IRS B83 listing)

At Texas A&M University (42+ Greek organizations in College Station-Bryan metro):

• Sigma Chi Fraternity – Eta Upsilon Chapter, College Station, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Beta Theta Pi – Eta Chapter House Corp., College Station, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Kappa Sigma – Mu Camma Chapter Inc, EIN 133048786, College Station, TX 77845 (IRS B83)
  At Baylor University (27+ Greek organizations in Waco metro):
• Phi Gamma Delta – Tau Deuteron Chapter, Waco, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Kappa Kappa Gamma – Baylor House Board, Waco, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Zeta Phi Beta Sorority Incorporated Nu Iota Chapter, EIN 521346485, Waco, TX 76703 (IRS B83)

At University of Texas at Austin (154+ Greek organizations in Austin metro):

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon – Texas Rho Corp., Austin, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Delta Tau Delta – Gamma Iota Chapter, Austin, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Chi Omega Fraternity, EIN 740555581, Austin, TX 78705 (IRS B83 listing)
• Building Corporation of Delta Chapter of Alpha Delta Pi, EIN 746047117, Austin, TX 78705 (IRS B83)

At University of Houston (188+ Greek organizations in Houston metro):

• Texas District of Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity, Houston, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority – Beta Sigma Chapter, Houston, TX (Cause IQ listing)
• Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu Fraternity Housing Corporation Inc, EIN 462267515, Frisco, TX 75035 (IRS B83 listing—connected to the Bermudez case)

Texas-Wide Organizations (1,423+ across 25 metros):

• Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi, multiple EINs including 900293166 for Texas A&M, 900293167 for UH-Victoria (IRS B83 + Cause IQ overlap)
• Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, multiple EINs including 364091267 in Waco, 752609909 in Commerce (IRS B83 + Cause IQ overlap)
• Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, multiple chapters statewide (IRS B83 + Cause IQ overlap)

These are representative examples from public records. Attorney911 maintains a comprehensive directory of Texas Greek organizations for investigative purposes in hazing cases.

Documented Hazing Incidents at Texas Universities

University of Houston:

• 2025: Leonel Bermudez Pi Kappa Phi Case – As detailed above, the $10 million lawsuit alleges extreme physical hazing leading to rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure. The chapter was suspended November 6, 2025, and members voted to surrender their charter November 14, 2025.

1. Historical context: UH has suspended multiple fraternities for hazing violations, including prior Pi Kappa Alpha incidents involving physical abuse and alcohol.
2. Key takeaway for Clifton families: Urban campuses like UH face particular challenges with off-campus hazing at private residences, as seen in the Bermudez case involving houses on Culmore Drive and activities at Yellowstone Boulevard Park.

Texas A&M University:

• 2021: Sigma Alpha Epsilon Chemical Burns Case – Pledges allegedly had industrial-strength cleaner poured on them causing severe chemical burns requiring skin graft surgeries. The fraternity was suspended, and lawsuits sought over $1 million in damages.
• 2023: Corps of Cadets “Roasted Pig” Case – A cadet alleged he was bound between beds in a humiliating position with an apple in his mouth during hazing rituals. The lawsuit sought over $1 million in damages.
• Multiple historical cases: A&M has suspended numerous fraternities for hazing violations involving forced drinking, physical abuse, and dangerous rituals.
  Key takeaway for Clifton families: As the most common destination for local students, A&M’s combination of large Greek life and the Corps of Cadets creates multiple hazing risk environments that require particular vigilance.

University of Texas at Austin:

• Transparency advantage: UT maintains a public Hazing Violations website listing organizations, conduct, and sanctions—one of the most transparent in Texas.
• Documented cases include:
  • Pi Kappa Alpha (2023): New members directed to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics beyond safe limits
  • Texas Wranglers and other spirit organizations sanctioned for forced workouts and alcohol-related hazing
  • Multiple fraternities placed on probation for physical hazing and dangerous drinking games
• 2024: Sigma Alpha Epsilon Assault Case – An Australian exchange student alleged assault by fraternity members resulting in dislocated leg, broken ligaments, fractured tibia, and broken nose. The lawsuit sought over $1 million.

Baylor University:

• 2020: Baseball Team Hazing – 14 players suspended following hazing investigation, with staggered suspensions affecting the early season
• Ongoing Greek life cases: Baylor has suspended multiple fraternities and sororities for hazing violations, though private university status means less public disclosure
• Context: Baylor’s history with institutional response to campus crises (particularly the football sexual assault scandal) creates important precedents for how the university handles—or mishandles—hazing complaints

Southern Methodist University:

• 2017: Kappa Alpha Order Paddling Case – New members reportedly paddled, forced to drink alcohol, and deprived of sleep. The chapter was suspended for multiple years.
• Private university dynamics: SMU’s affluent student body and strong Greek presence create particular patterns, with hazing often occurring at expensive off-campus properties

Tarleton State University (Stephenville):

• As the closest four-year university to Clifton (approximately 60 miles), Tarleton’s growing Greek life presents hazing risks for local students
• While smaller than major state schools, Tarleton has suspended fraternities for alcohol hazing and physical abuse incidents
• Key consideration: Smaller campuses sometimes have less robust oversight mechanisms, making proactive parental involvement even more critical

Fraternity and Sorority National Histories: Why Patterns Matter

The Foreseeability Principle in Hazing Litigation

When a Texas chapter repeats hazing conduct that caused injuries or deaths at other chapters nationwide, courts can find the national organization should have foreseen the risk. This “foreseeability” strengthens negligence claims significantly.

Pi Kappa Alpha National Pattern:

• Stone Foltz death at Bowling Green (2021) – forced drinking
• David Bogenberger death at Northern Illinois (2012) – alcohol poisoning
• Multiple other alcohol hazing incidents nationwide
• Texas chapters at: UT Austin, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, Texas State, UH
• Legal significance: When a Texas Pike chapter uses similar “Big/Little” drinking rituals, nationals can’t claim they didn’t know the dangers

Sigma Alpha Epsilon National Pattern:

• Called “the deadliest fraternity” by some publications due to multiple hazing fatalities
• Carson Starkey death at Cal Poly (2008) – alcohol poisoning
• Multiple severe injury cases including traumatic brain injury at University of Alabama (2023)
• Texas chapters at: UT Austin, Texas A&M, SMU, Baylor, Texas Tech
• Texas incidents: Chemical burns case at Texas A&M (2021), assault case at UT Austin (2024)

Phi Delta Theta National Pattern:

• Max Gruver death at LSU (2017) – “Bible study” drinking game
• Multiple other alcohol hazing incidents
• Texas chapters at: UT Austin, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, SMU
• Legal significance: The Gruver case led to felony hazing legislation—nationals were on clear notice

Pi Kappa Phi National Pattern:

• Andrew Coffey death at Florida State (2017) – “Big Brother” alcohol hazing
• Texas chapters at: University of Houston (Beta Nu chapter now closed), UT Austin
• Current Texas case: Leonel Bermudez at UH involves same national organization

How National Histories Strengthen Texas Cases

1. Prior Notice: Demonstrates national headquarters knew or should have known about dangerous traditions
2. Pattern Evidence: Shows the conduct wasn’t an isolated “rogue” incident but part of organizational culture
3. Punitive Damages Potential: Willful disregard of known dangers can support punitive damages in some cases
4. Insurance Coverage Arguments: Nationals can’t credibly claim hazing was unexpected or unforeseeable
5. Settlement Leverage: Comprehensive pattern evidence increases case value and settlement pressure

For Clifton families, understanding that their child’s local chapter is part of a national network with documented hazing histories is crucial. The same rituals that caused deaths in Ohio, Louisiana, or Florida are being reproduced at Texas campuses where your children attend.

Building a Hazing Case: Evidence, Strategy, and Damages

Critical Evidence in Modern Hazing Cases

Digital Evidence (Most Important Category):

• Group chats: GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, fraternity-specific apps
• Social media: Instagram stories, Snapchat, TikTok videos, Facebook posts
• Text messages/DMs: Between members planning or discussing hazing
• Deleted content: Digital forensics can often recover “deleted” messages
• Location data: Geo-tags, Find My Friends screenshots, location-sharing app data

Medical Documentation:

• Emergency room records (crucial for timing and injury documentation)
• Hospitalization records for serious cases
• Lab results (blood alcohol, creatine kinase for rhabdomyolysis, kidney function tests)
• Psychological evaluations (PTSD, depression, anxiety diagnoses)
• Ongoing treatment records establishing long-term impact

Physical Evidence:

• Photographs of injuries (immediate and progression over days)
• Damaged clothing or personal items
• Objects used in hazing (paddles, alcohol bottles, props)
• Prescription medications for resulting conditions

Institutional Records:

• University conduct files on the organization (obtained via discovery)
• Campus police reports
• National fraternity/sorority risk management files
• Prior incident reports and disciplinary history
• Emails between chapter officers and nationals/advisors

Witness Information:

• Other pledges who experienced the same hazing
• Former members who quit due to hazing
• Roommates, friends, or significant others who observed changes
• Medical professionals who treated injuries

The Damages Recoverable in Hazing Cases

Economic Damages (Quantifiable Financial Losses):

• Medical expenses (past and future)
• Lost income/earning capacity (especially for career-altering injuries)
• Educational costs (withdrawn semesters, transferred schools, lost scholarships)
• Therapy and counseling expenses
• Life care costs for catastrophic injuries (like Danny Santulli’s 24/7 care needs)

Non-Economic Damages (Subjective But Real Harm):

• Physical pain and suffering
• Emotional distress (PTSD, depression, anxiety, humiliation)
• Loss of enjoyment of life
• Damage to reputation and relationships
• For families in wrongful death cases: loss of companionship, grief, funeral expenses

Punitive Damages (When Conduct is Especially Reckless):

• Available when defendants show willful disregard for safety
• Particularly relevant when organizations had prior notice of dangers
• Texas has some statutory caps but exceptions exist for egregious conduct

Recent Settlement and Verdict Context:

• Stone Foltz family: $10+ million total (BGSU $3M + Pike national $7M+)
• Max Gruver family: $6.1 million verdict (plus prior confidential settlements)
• Danny Santulli family: Multi-million dollar settlements with 22 defendants
• These establish that serious hazing cases have substantial value

Overcoming Common Defense Strategies

Fraternities, sororities, and universities employ predictable defense strategies that experienced hazing attorneys anticipate:

Defense: “The Student Consented”

• Our Response: Texas law explicitly states consent is not a defense to hazing (Education Code §37.155). Power imbalances and peer pressure negate true voluntary consent.

Defense: “This Was a Rogue Chapter”

• Our Response: Pattern evidence shows nationals knew about similar conduct at other chapters. Their failure to implement effective oversight makes them liable.

Defense: “It Happened Off-Campus”

• Our Response: Location doesn’t eliminate duty. Nationals and universities maintain control over recognized organizations regardless of where misconduct occurs.

Defense: “We Have Anti-Hazing Policies”

• Our Response: Paper policies mean little without enforcement. We investigate whether policies were truly implemented or just window-dressing.

Defense: “Insurance Doesn’t Cover Intentional Acts”

• Our Response: Even if hazing was intentional, negligent supervision claims may still be covered. We identify all potential insurance sources and fight coverage denials.

Defense: “University Sovereign Immunity”

• Our Response: Exceptions exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, and certain other claims. We sue individuals in personal capacity when appropriate.

Practical Guide for Clifton Parents and Students

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed

Physical Signs:

• Unexplained bruises, burns, cuts, or injuries with inconsistent explanations
• Extreme fatigue and sleep deprivation beyond normal college stress
• Sudden weight changes (from food/water restriction or stress)
• Injuries to specific body parts (hands from paddling, legs from extreme exercise)
• Signs of alcohol poisoning or substance use in a previously non-drinking student

Behavioral and Emotional Changes:

• New secrecy about organizational activities (“I can’t talk about it”)
• Withdrawal from family, high school friends, or non-organization activities
• Personality shifts: new anxiety, depression, irritability, or anger
• Defensive reactions when asked about the organization
• Fear-based language about “getting in trouble” or “letting the chapter down”
• Obsession with pleasing older members

Academic Red Flags:

• Grades dropping suddenly
• Missing classes or falling asleep in class
• Skipping exams or assignments for “mandatory” events
• Losing scholarships or academic standing

Digital Behavior Patterns:

• Constant phone monitoring for group chat messages
• Anxiety when phone buzzes, especially at odd hours
• Deleting messages or clearing browser history obsessively
• Receiving calls/texts at all hours demanding immediate response
• Social media posts showing concerning or humiliating activities

What to Do If You Suspect Hazing

Immediate Actions (First 24 Hours):

1. Prioritize Safety: If your child is in immediate danger, call 911
2. Medical Attention: Get professional evaluation even for “minor” injuries—documentation is crucial
3. Evidence Preservation:
   • Screenshot ALL group chats and messages
   • Photograph injuries from multiple angles (include date stamps)
   • Save physical evidence (clothing, objects, receipts)
   • Write detailed notes of what your child tells you (dates, times, names)

Strategic Decisions (First 48-72 Hours):

1. Legal Consultation: Contact experienced hazing attorneys before making reporting decisions
2. University Reporting: With legal guidance, determine how and when to report to campus authorities
3. Criminal Reporting: Consider whether to involve local police for assault, alcohol, or other crimes
4. Communication Strategy: Plan how to communicate with the organization, university, and others

What NOT to Do:

• Don’t confront the fraternity/sorority directly (they’ll destroy evidence)
• Don’t let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence
• Don’t sign anything from the university or insurance without legal review
• Don’t post details on public social media
• Don’t let your child attend “one last meeting” where they might be pressured

For Students: Is This Hazing? A Self-Assessment Guide

Ask yourself these questions:

1. Am I being forced or strongly pressured to do something I don’t want to do?
2. Would I do this if there were no social consequences for refusing?
3. Is this activity dangerous, degrading, or illegal?
4. Would my parents or the university approve if they knew exactly what was happening?
5. Are new members treated differently than established members?
6. Am I being told to keep secrets or lie about activities?

If you answered YES to any question, it’s likely hazing.

Your Rights as a Texas Student:

• You have the right to leave any organization at any time
• Texas law protects those who report hazing in good faith
• You cannot be punished for calling 911 in a medical emergency
• “Consent” is not a defense if what you’re experiencing meets the legal definition of hazing

Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Hazing Case

Based on our experience representing hazing victims across Texas, these are the most common—and most damaging—errors families make:

MISTAKE #1: Letting Your Child Delete Evidence

• Why it’s wrong: Digital evidence is the heart of modern hazing cases. Deleted messages look like cover-ups and can be construed as obstruction
• Correct approach: Preserve EVERYTHING immediately—screenshots, photos, videos. Assume nothing is unimportant

MISTAKE #2: Confronting the Organization Directly

• Why it’s wrong: They immediately lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses, and prepare defenses
• Correct approach: Document everything quietly, then consult an attorney who can approach strategically

MISTAKE #3: Signing University “Resolution” Agreements

• Why it’s wrong: Universities often pressure quick settlements that waive legal rights for minimal compensation
• Correct approach: Never sign anything without attorney review. “Internal resolution” rarely provides real accountability

MISTAKE #4: Posting on Social Media

• Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys monitor everything. Inconsistencies hurt credibility, and you might waive privacy protections
• Correct approach: Keep details private. Let your attorney control public messaging

MISTAKE #5: Waiting for University Investigations

• Why it’s wrong: Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate, statutes of limitations run, and universities control narratives
• Correct approach: Preserve evidence immediately and consult counsel. University process ≠ legal accountability

MISTAKE #6: Talking to Insurance Adjusters Unrepresented

• Why it’s wrong: Recorded statements get used against you. Early settlement offers are always lowball
• Correct approach: “My attorney will contact you” is the only response

MISTAKE #7: Underestimating the Opposition

• Why it’s wrong: National fraternities and universities have unlimited legal budgets and experienced defense firms
• Correct approach: Hire counsel with comparable resources and experience. This isn’t a DIY situation

Why Attorney911 for Texas Hazing Cases

Our Unique Qualifications for Hazing Litigation

When your family faces a hazing crisis, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how powerful institutions fight back—and how to win anyway. Here’s why Attorney911 is uniquely qualified for Texas hazing cases:

Insurance Insider Advantage (Mr. Lupe Peña’s Defense Background):
Mr. Lupe Peña (he/him) spent years as an insurance defense attorney at a national firm. He knows exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies:

• Value (and undervalue) hazing claims
• Use delay tactics to pressure families
• Fight coverage under “intentional act” exclusions
• Deploy independent medical exams to minimize injuries
  “We know their playbook because we used to run it.”

Complex Institutional Litigation Experience (Ralph Manginello’s BP Credential):
Ralph Manginello was one of the few Texas attorneys involved in the BP Texas City explosion litigation—taking on a billion-dollar corporation with unlimited legal resources. That same experience applies directly to hazing cases against:

• National fraternities with deep pockets
• University systems with entire legal departments
• Insurance companies with endless litigation budgets
  “We’re not intimidated by powerful defendants. We’ve faced them before.”

Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death Track Record:
We’ve recovered millions for families in catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases, working with:

• Economists to value lifetime care needs
• Life care planners for severe injury cases
• Medical experts to establish causation and damages
  “We don’t settle cheap. We build cases that force accountability.”

Criminal + Civil Hazing Expertise:
Ralph Manginello’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) means we understand:

• How criminal hazing charges interact with civil litigation
• How to advise witnesses and former members with dual exposure
• Defense strategies that work in both arenas
  “We see the whole picture, not just one legal track.”

Investigative Depth and Resources:
We deploy resources most firms reserve for their largest cases:

• Digital forensics experts to recover deleted messages
• Medical experts specializing in hazing injuries (rhabdomyolysis, TBI, PTSD)
• Investigators who understand Greek life culture and dynamics
• Access to comprehensive Texas Greek organization databases
  “We investigate like your child’s life depends on it—because it does.”

Our Connection to Clifton and Central Texas

While our offices are in Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, we serve families throughout Texas, including Clifton, Bosque County, and all Central Texas communities. We understand the particular concerns of rural and small-town families whose children attend Texas universities:

• Geographic Realities: We know Clifton students commonly attend Tarleton State, Texas A&M, Baylor, and other regional universities
• Community Values: We respect the close-knit nature of Bosque County and Central Texas communities
• Practical Logistics: We make the legal process accessible regardless of where you live in Texas
• Norwegian Heritage Awareness: We appreciate Clifton’s unique cultural identity as the “Norwegian Capital of Texas”

What to Expect When You Contact Us

Your Free, Confidential Consultation:

1. We Listen: We’ll hear your story without judgment or interruption
2. Evidence Review: We’ll examine any evidence you’ve preserved (photos, messages, medical records)
3. Legal Options Explained: We’ll outline all available pathways—criminal reporting, civil lawsuit, both, or neither
4. Realistic Assessment: We’ll give honest feedback about case strengths and challenges
5. Cost Transparency: We explain our contingency fee structure—you pay nothing unless we recover compensation
6. No Pressure: Take time to decide. We never pressure immediate retention

Our Investigation Process:

1. Immediate Evidence Preservation: We act quickly to secure digital and physical evidence before it disappears
2. Database Cross-Reference: We check our Texas Greek organization databases for prior incidents involving the same group
3. Expert Consultation: We engage appropriate medical and investigative experts early
4. Strategic Planning: We develop a customized approach based on your family’s specific situation and goals
5. Regular Communication: We update you at least every 2-3 weeks, more frequently as developments warrant

Frequently Asked Questions for Clifton Families

Q: Can we sue a university for hazing in Texas?
A: Yes, under specific circumstances. Public universities (like Texas A&M, UT Austin, Tarleton State) have some sovereign immunity protections, but exceptions exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, and certain other claims. Private universities (like Baylor, SMU) have fewer immunity hurdles. Every case is fact-specific—contact us at 1-888-ATTY-911 for case analysis.

Q: Is hazing a felony in Texas?
A: It can be. Texas classifies hazing as a Class B misdemeanor by default, but it becomes a state jail felony if the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Individual officers can also face charges for failing to report hazing.

Q: What if my child “agreed” to the activities?
A: Texas Education Code §37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing charges. Courts recognize that “consent” under peer pressure and power imbalance isn’t true voluntary consent.

Q: How long do we have to file a lawsuit?
A: Generally 2 years from the date of injury or death in Texas, but exceptions exist. The “discovery rule” may extend this if the harm wasn’t immediately apparent. In cases involving cover-ups, the statute may be tolled (paused). Time is critical—evidence disappears quickly.

Q: What if the hazing happened off-campus?
A: Location doesn’t eliminate liability. Universities and nationals can still be liable based on sponsorship, control, and foreseeability. Many major hazing cases (like the Pi Delta Psi retreat death) occurred off-campus and still resulted in substantial judgments.

Q: Will my child’s name be public?
A: Most hazing cases settle confidentially before trial. We prioritize your family’s privacy and can request sealed court records when litigation is necessary.

Q: What will this cost our family?
A: We work on a contingency fee basis—you pay no upfront costs, and we only receive a fee if we recover compensation for you. Initial consultations are always free.

Q: Do you serve Spanish-speaking families?
A: Yes. Mr. Lupe Peña speaks fluent Spanish and can consult with Spanish-speaking families directly. Hablamos Español.

Call to Action for Clifton and Central Texas Families

If you or your child has experienced hazing at any Texas university—whether at nearby Tarleton State, major destinations like Texas A&M or Baylor, or any other campus—we want to help your family find answers and accountability.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC (Attorney911) brings together exactly what hazing cases require: insurance insider knowledge, complex litigation experience against massive institutions, multi-million dollar wrongful death expertise, and deep understanding of Texas Greek life dynamics.

We offer:

• Immediate response for evidence preservation
• Comprehensive investigation using our Texas Greek organization databases
• Strategic approach to maximize accountability and compensation
• Empathetic support through one of the most difficult experiences a family can face
• Proven results in serious injury and wrongful death cases

Contact us today for a free, confidential consultation:

• Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• Direct: (713) 528-9070
• Cell: (713) 443-4781
• Email: ralph@atty911.com or lupe@atty911.com (Spanish services)
• Website: https://attorney911.com

Whether you’re in Clifton, Valley Mills, Meridian, Cranfills Gap, or anywhere in Bosque County or Central Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. The institutions involved have experienced legal teams—you should too.

Call us today. Let’s discuss what happened, explore your legal options, and develop a strategy to protect your child’s rights and future.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com (Ralph Manginello) | lupe@atty911.com (Lupe Peña – Spanish services available)