Unmasking Hazing in Texas: A Definitive Guide for League City Families

A hushed group of college students gathers in an off-campus house just outside a major Texas university. It’s late, well past midnight, and a mixture of fear and forced camaraderie hangs heavy in the air. For the new recruits, known as pledges, this is “initiation night”—a gateway to belonging that has been hyped for weeks with ominous whispers and cryptic instructions. Older members chant, their voices growing louder, egging on a ritual designed to break down the new class. One pledge, already past his limit, is pressured to consume another full bottle of liquor handed to him by his “big brother.” Others are forced into degrading physical acts, while still more are subjected to ridicule and public humiliation, all captured on smartphones for private group chats. Suddenly, one of the new members stumbles, collapses, and lies motionless. A wave of panic ripples through the room, quickly followed by the chilling command: “No one call 911. We can’t let them shut us down.”

This scenario, tragically, is not a fictional dramatization. It’s a recurring nightmare for families across Texas, including those residing in League City—a vibrant community whose sons and daughters attend some of the state’s most prominent universities. The pressure to belong, the veiled threats, the extreme alcohol consumption, and the desperate cover-ups are all hallmarks of modern hazing, a dangerous practice that continues to endanger students. For families in League City, sending a child off to college is a moment of pride, not fear. Yet, the stark reality is that hazing incidents occur every year, sometimes with devastating, fatal consequences.

This comprehensive guide is written specifically for families in League City, Galveston County, and the broader Harris County area who need to understand the insidious nature of modern hazing. We will explore what hazing truly looks like in 2025, moving beyond outdated stereotypes to reveal the psychological, digital, and physical pressures students face. We will demystify the complex legal landscape in Texas, explaining how state and federal laws define and penalize hazing, and who can be held accountable when harm occurs.

Crucially, we will connect the dots between major national hazing tragedies—cases that have shaped legislation and brought down powerful organizations—and the specific realities faced by students at the University of Houston (UH), Texas A&M University, the University of Texas at Austin (UT), Southern Methodist University (SMU), and Baylor University. Many League City families send their children to these very institutions, making this information directly relevant and critically important. We will delve into the national histories of fraternities and sororities, showing how repeated patterns of dangerous behavior fuel liability and risk, impacting local chapters.

Our mission is to arm you with knowledge and practical advice. The Manginello Law Firm, also known as Attorney911, stands as a Houston-based Texas personal injury firm with deep experience in complex litigation, including hazing and campus abuse cases. We serve families throughout Texas, including League City, and our goal is to empower you with the truth about hazing and to outline the legal options available to victims and their families. This article provides general information, not specific legal advice, and we invite you to contact us for a confidential evaluation tailored to your unique circumstances.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine.” Prioritize their health above all else.
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, and direct messages (DMs) immediately.
    • Photograph any injuries from multiple angles.
    • Save physical items, such as clothing worn during the incident, receipts for forced purchases, or any objects used in the hazing.
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh: who was involved, what happened, when and where it occurred.
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity, sorority, team, or student organization.
    • Sign anything from the university or an insurance company without legal counsel.
    • Post details on public social media platforms.
    • Allow your child to delete messages or “clean up” any evidence.

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears rapidly (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses).
  • Universities often move quickly to control the narrative and conduct internal investigations that may not prioritize your child’s well-being or legal rights.
  • We can help preserve critical evidence and protect your child’s rights from the outset.
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation.

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like

For League City families, understanding modern hazing means shedding old notions of harmless pranks or simple mischief. Today, hazing is a sophisticated, often clandestine, and increasingly dangerous practice that exacts a heavy toll on students’ physical and mental health. It is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to joining, keeping membership, or gaining status in a group, where the behavior endangers physical or mental health, humiliates, or exploits. The critical takeaway is this: “I agreed to it” does not automatically make it safe or legal when there is peer pressure and power imbalance.

Understanding hazing requires looking beyond the obvious. Researchers categorize hazing into three escalating tiers: subtle, harassment, and violent.

Clear, Modern Understanding of Hazing

Hazing is far more than a rite of passage. It is behavior that fundamentally compromises the well-being of a student for the purpose of initiating or maintaining affiliation with an organization. The coercive nature of hazing often negates any semblance of “consent,” as students often participate due to intense pressure, fear of exclusion, or the desire to belong. This dynamic is a core legal consideration.

Main Categories of Hazing

Modern hazing manifests in diverse and often deceptive ways, making it challenging for parents and even students to identify.

• Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This is the most common and often deadliest form of hazing. Students are forced or coerced into excessive drinking, with activities like “chugging challenges,” “lineups,” or drinking games designed to rapidly increase blood alcohol content. They may be pressured to consume entire bottles of liquor, as seen in the tragic Stone Foltz case, or imbibe unknown or mixed substances which can have unpredictable and dangerous effects. This often occurs during “Big/Little” reveal nights, “pledge events,” or “initiation.”

• Physical Hazing: While seemingly old-fashioned, physical hazing remains prevalent. This includes paddling and beatings, often disguised as “discipline.” Extreme calisthenics, referred to as “workouts” or “smokings,” push students far beyond safe physical limits, sometimes leading to severe injuries like rhabdomyolysis—a breakdown of muscle tissue that can cause kidney damage. Sleep deprivation, food and water deprivation, and exposure to extreme cold or heat or dangerous environments (such as being left blindfolded in remote locations) are also forms of physical hazing.

• Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: This particularly degrading form of hazing includes forced nudity or partial nudity, simulated sexual acts (sometimes referred to by euphemisms like “roasted pig” positions), and wearing degrading costumes. These acts often have racial, homophobic, or sexist overtones, using slurs or role-play to demean pledges. The psychological scars of such hazing can last a lifetime.

• Psychological Hazing: Often overlooked, psychological hazing is incredibly damaging. It involves verbal abuse, threats, and deliberate isolation from friends and family. Manipulation tactics, forced confessions, and public shaming on social media or in meetings are common. This tier of hazing often creates an environment of constant anxiety and fear, laying the groundwork for more severe physical hazing.

• Digital/Online Hazing: In the age of constant connectivity, hazing has moved online. Group chat dares, “challenges,” and public humiliation via platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, Discord, and encrypted messaging apps are now common. Students are pressured to create or share compromising images or videos, or to respond instantly to commands in group chats at all hours, leading to severe sleep deprivation and constant stress. Geo-tracking apps may also be used to monitor pledges’ movements, blurring the lines between online and physical control.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

Hazing is not confined to stereotypical fraternity houses. It is a problem that permeates a wide array of student organizations across Texas campuses, including those attended by League City students.

• Fraternities and Sororities: This includes social Greek letter organizations (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, multicultural), where the vast majority of reported hazing incidents occur.
• Corps of Cadets / ROTC / Military-Style Groups: Organizations with hierarchical structures and intense training regimens, such as the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets, have faced allegations of hazing disguised as “tradition” or “discipline.”
• Spirit Squads, Tradition Clubs, and Student Groups: Groups like the Texas Cowboys at UT, or various spirit organizations, have been sanctioned for hazing violations involving forced activities, alcohol misuse, and degrading actions.
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to baseball, cheerleading, and smaller sports clubs, athletic teams are frequently implicated in hazing rituals designed to “toughen up” new members. The Northwestern University football scandal highlighted how deeply entrenched hazing can be in major collegiate athletic programs.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly innocuous groups like marching bands and other performance ensembles have had hazing issues, involving sleep deprivation, forced exercises, and psychological abuse.
• Other Organizations: Some service, cultural, and academic organizations, aiming to foster intense camaraderie, can inadvertently or deliberately cross the line into hazing.

These practices persist due to a toxic cocktail of social status, tradition, and intense secrecy. Students feel immense pressure to prove themselves, endure “what everyone else went through,” and maintain a code of silence to protect the group. This pervasive culture is why League City families must be vigilant and understand that hazing is a risk across virtually any campus organization.

Law & Liability Framework (Texas + Federal)

For League City families seeking justice or simply to understand their rights, navigating the legal landscape around hazing can be daunting. Texas has robust laws against hazing, and federal regulations also play a significant role. It’s crucial to understand these frameworks to pursue accountability effectively.

Texas Hazing Law Basics (Education Code)

In Texas, hazing is not just a campus policy violation; it is a crime with serious consequences. The Texas Education Code, Chapter 37, Subchapter F, explicitly defines and prohibits hazing.

Hazing is defined as any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, and
• Occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students.

This definition is critical because it establishes a broad scope for what constitutes hazing under Texas law. Key aspects for League City parents to note:

• Location Doesn’t Matter: Whether the hazing occurs on university property, at an off-campus house in League City, or at a remote retreat, it falls under the purview of Texas hazing law.
• Mental or Physical Harm: The law recognizes that harm isn’t always physical. Psychological hazing that endangers mental health or safety is equally prohibited.
• Intent vs. Recklessness: One doesn’t have to intend to harm a student for an act to be considered hazing. If the act was done recklessly, meaning the person knew or should have known there was a substantial and unjustifiable risk of harm, it can qualify as hazing.
• “Consent Is Not a Defense”: Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that it is not a defense if the person being hazed “consented” to the activity. This is vital because it recognizes the coercive power dynamics inherent in hazing.

Criminal Penalties:
Hazing offenses carry criminal penalties in Texas:

• Hazing that doesn’t cause serious injury is typically a Class B Misdemeanor.
• If hazing causes injury requiring medical treatment, it can be upgraded to a Class A Misdemeanor.
• Most significantly, if hazing causes serious bodily injury or death, it becomes a State Jail Felony, carrying potential incarceration and significant fines.
• Additionally, failing to report hazing if you are a member or officer involved, and retaliating against someone who reports hazing, are also misdemeanor offenses. These provisions encourage accountability and reporting.

Organizational Liability:
Texas law extends criminal liability to organizations themselves. Organizations (fraternities, sororities, teams, clubs) can be criminally prosecuted and fined up to $10,000 per violation if they authorized or encouraged the hazing, or if an officer or member acting in an official capacity knew about it and failed to report it. Universities can also revoke an organization’s recognition, effectively banning them from campus.

Immunity for Good-Faith Reporting:
To encourage reporting, Texas Education Code § 37.154 grants immunity from civil or criminal liability to individuals who, in good faith, report a hazing incident to university authorities or law enforcement. Furthermore, many university policies and Texas law provide amnesty for students who call 911 in a medical emergency, even if underage drinking was involved. These protections are designed to prioritize student safety over fear of individual punishment.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases

When hazing occurs, there are often two distinct legal paths that can be pursued, each with different goals and implications for League City families.

• Criminal Cases: These are initiated and typically prosecuted by the state (the District Attorney’s office) against individuals or organizations. The primary goal of a criminal case is to punish unlawful behavior through fines, imprisonment, or probation. In hazing cases, criminal charges can range from misdemeanor hazing offenses to felony charges like assault, furnishing alcohol to a minor, or even negligent homicide or manslaughter in cases of serious injury or death.

• Civil Cases: These are lawsuits filed by the victims of hazing (or their surviving family members in wrongful death cases) against the individuals and entities responsible for the harm. The objective of a civil lawsuit is to obtain monetary compensation for the damages suffered by the victim, and to hold all responsible parties—including individuals, local chapters, national organizations, and universities—accountable. Civil claims often involve allegations of negligence, gross negligence, wrongful death, negligent hiring or supervision, and premises liability.

It is important for League City families to understand that a criminal conviction is not a prerequisite for filing a civil lawsuit. The standards of proof differ between criminal and civil law, and a civil case can proceed independently, even if criminal charges are not filed or do not result in a conviction. Often, criminal proceedings can provide valuable evidence that aids a civil claim.

Federal Overlay: Stop Campus Hazing Act, Title IX, Clery

Beyond state laws, federal regulations and initiatives also play an increasing role in holding institutions accountable for hazing.

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This landmark federal legislation, signed into law, aims to bring greater transparency and accountability to hazing incidents nationwide. It requires colleges and universities that receive federal funding to:

  • Report Hazing Incidents Publicly: Institutions must disclose findings of hazing violations in their annual crime reports.
  • Strengthen Prevention Efforts: Implement robust hazing prevention and education programs.
  • Maintain Public Data: Collect and make available data on hazing incidents, discipline, and prevention efforts. These requirements are being phased in, with full implementation expected around 2026. This act will provide League City families with more comprehensive and accessible information about hazing risks at various universities.

• Title IX and Clery Act:

  • Title IX: This federal law prohibits sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. When hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, gender-based humiliation, or creates a hostile environment based on sex, Title IX obligations are triggered. Universities have a duty to investigate and respond effectively to such incidents, regardless of whether they occurred on or off campus.
  • Clery Act: The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act requires colleges and universities to disclose information about crime on and around their campuses. While hazing is not a standalone “Clery crime,” incidents often overlap with categories that are reportable, such as assaults, liquor law violations, drug violations, or sexual offenses. The Clery Act helps League City families assess campus safety records by ensuring transparency about certain types of incidents.

Who Can Be Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit

One of the most complex aspects of hazing litigation is identifying all potentially liable parties. An experienced hazing attorney understands how to meticulously investigate and build a case against all responsible entities, maximizing the potential for accountability and compensation for League City families.

• Individual Students: The students who directly planned, facilitated, or participated in the hazing acts, supplied alcohol, or attempted cover-ups can be held personally liable. This includes officers of the local chapter and new member educators.

• Local University Chapter/Organization: The fraternity, sorority, club, or team itself, if it is structured as a legal entity, can be sued. Liability often arises from its direct involvement in planning or permitting the hazing.

• National Fraternity/Sorority: These larger organizations often oversee and regulate their local chapters, collect dues, and issue anti-hazing policies. National organizations can be held liable if:

  • They knew, or reasonably should have known, about the hazing activities or a pattern of hazing.
  • They failed to adequately train, supervise, or discipline local chapters.
  • They had a history of similar incidents across other chapters, establishing “foreseeability.” The existence of clear “anti-hazing” policies alone is often insufficient if those policies are not rigorously enforced.

• University or Governing Board: Universities can be held liable under various legal theories, including:

  • Negligence/Gross Negligence: For failing to adequately supervise student organizations, enforce their own policies, or respond to prior warnings of hazing.
  • Failure to Protect: If the university had a duty to protect students and breached that duty.
  • Title IX Violations: If hazing involved sex-based discrimination or harassment, and the university acted with “deliberate indifference.”
  • Premises Liability: If hazing occurred on university property and the university failed to maintain a safe environment. Public universities in Texas (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) benefit from sovereign immunity, but exceptions often apply in cases of gross negligence or Title IX violations. Private universities (like SMU and Baylor) typically have less immunity protection.

• Third Parties: Depending on the specifics of the incident, other parties may also be held liable:

  • Landlords/Property Owners: If hazing occurred at an off-campus house or venue, the property owner may be liable for failing to address known dangerous activities.
  • Alcohol Providers: Bars, stores, or individuals who illegally furnished alcohol to minors involved in hazing may face “dram shop” liability.
  • Event Organizers/Security Companies: If they failed to provide adequate security or oversight at an event where hazing occurred.

Each hazing case is fact-specific, and an in-depth investigation is required to identify all potentially liable parties and the appropriate legal theories to pursue. The strength of a hazing claim against any of these entities hinges on meticulous evidence collection and legal strategy.

National Hazing Case Patterns (Anchor Stories)

The tragic stories of students who have died or suffered catastrophic injuries due to hazing are not isolated incidents. They are anchor stories—each revealing a pattern, highlighting institutional failures, and often directly leading to legal reforms. For League City families, understanding these national precedents is vital because they shape the legal landscape in Texas and demonstrate the high stakes involved in holding powerful organizations accountable. These cases show that if something similar happened at a Texas university, there is a clear legal path to justice.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death Pattern

Alcohol is the most common factor in fatal hazing incidents nationwide, and the patterns are disturbingly similar.

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State, Beta Theta Pi (2017): Timothy Piazza, a 19-year-old pledge, died after a “bid acceptance” initiation event involving extreme alcohol consumption. He suffered multiple falls, including a traumatic brain injury. Fraternity members delayed calling for help for nearly 12 hours, a shocking act of negligence captured by the chapter’s own security cameras. Following his death, 18 fraternity members were charged with over 1,000 criminal counts, including involuntary manslaughter and aggravated assault. The Piazza family also pursued civil litigation, leading to confidential settlements. Timothy’s death was a catalyst for Pennsylvania to enact the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law, one of the toughest in the nation, making certain hazing offenses felonies. This case showed how extreme intoxication, a deliberate delay in calling 911, and a pervasive culture of silence can lead to devastating legal consequences.

• Andrew Coffey – Florida State, Pi Kappa Phi (2017): Andrew Coffey, a 20-year-old pledge, died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” event. Pledges were given handles of hard liquor and pressured to consume them rapidly. Multiple members were prosecuted, and FSU temporarily suspended all Greek life, overhauling its anti-hazing policies. Coffey’s family filed a wrongful death lawsuit, the terms of which remain confidential. This case underscored how formulaic “tradition” drinking nights are a repeating script for disaster within national organizations.

• Max Gruver – LSU, Phi Delta Theta (2017): Maxwell Gruver, an 18-year-old pledge, died from alcohol toxicity after a “Bible study” drinking game. Pledges were forced to drink excessively if they answered questions incorrectly. His death directly led to Louisiana enacting the Max Gruver Act, a felony hazing statute with serious penalties. Max’s family also settled a civil suit. This case demonstrated how swift legislative change often follows public outrage and clear proof of lethal hazing practices.

• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021): Stone Foltz, a 20-year-old pledge of Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike), died from alcohol poisoning after being forced to consume an entire bottle of whiskey during a “Big/Little” initiation night. Multiple fraternity members were convicted of hazing-related criminal charges. In 2023, Stone’s family reached a $10 million settlement (comprising $7 million from Pi Kappa Alpha national and approximately $3 million from Bowling Green State University). This significant outcome involved both the national fraternity and the university. The case highlighted how universities can face substantial financial and reputational consequences, alongside national fraternities, illustrating the broad scope of liability.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing Pattern

Beyond alcohol, physical and ritualized hazing rituals continue to cause severe injuries and fatalities.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013): Michael Deng, a 19-year-old pledge, died from traumatic brain injuries at a fraternity retreat in the Pocono Mountains, Pennsylvania. During a ritual called “the glass ceiling,” he was blindfolded, forced to wear a weighted backpack, and tackled repeatedly. Fraternity members delayed calling 911 for hours, trying to cover up the incident. Multiple individuals were convicted, and the national fraternity itself was criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter—a rare instance of a national organization being found guilty. Pi Delta Psi was banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years and fined over $110,000. This case was a landmark for organizational criminal liability and showed that off-campus “retreats” are often chosen specifically to evade oversight and can be as dangerous or worse than on-campus events.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse

Hazing is not exclusive to Greek life; it is a pervasive issue in collegiate sports programs nationwide.

• Northwestern University Football (2023–2025): In a scandal that rocked college athletics, former Northwestern football players alleged widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the program over multiple years. Allegations included forced naked “dry-humping” during practices and other degrading acts. Former head coach Pat Fitzgerald was fired and later filed a wrongful-termination lawsuit against the university, which was reportedly settled confidentially in August 2025. Multiple players have filed lawsuits against Northwestern and various coaching staff members. This case graphically demonstrated that hazing extends far beyond Greek life into major athletic programs, raising critical questions about institutional oversight and the duty of care owed to student-athletes. For League City student-athletes, this serves as a stark reminder that hazing can occur in any high-stakes environment.

What These Cases Mean for Texas Families

These anchor stories reveal critical common threads that directly impact League City families: forced drinking, extreme humiliation, physical violence, deliberate delays or outright denials of medical care, and systematic cover-ups. They illustrate that meaningful reforms and multi-million-dollar settlements often only follow profound tragedy, coupled with determined legal action.

For League City families whose children attend or plan to attend UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, or Baylor, these national lessons are not distant news stories. They are powerful precedents that inform how hazing cases are investigated, litigated, and settled right here in Texas. They show that if a student is harmed, the legal system can, and should, be used to secure accountability, compensation, and ultimately, to help prevent future tragedies.

Texas Focus: UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor

For League City families, understanding hazing at Texas universities requires looking beyond broad national patterns to the specific cultures, policies, and histories of the institutions where their children attend or plan to attend. From our Houston office, we serve families throughout League City, Galveston County, and the greater Harris County area, and we frequently encounter cases involving these major Texas universities.

League City, strategically located near major transportation arteries, is a community where many families have direct ties to the University of Houston (a short drive north into Harris County), Texas A&M (a drive up I-45), and the University of Texas at Austin. Students from League City also attend institutions like Southern Methodist University in Dallas and Baylor University in Waco. Each university has its own unique environment when it comes to student organizations and hazing.

5.1 University of Houston (UH)

The University of Houston, a Tier One research institution and a major education hub within Harris County, is a critical institution for many League City families. Its diverse student body and active Greek life, including Panhellenic, Interfraternity Council (IFC), Multicultural Greek Council (MGC), and National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) organizations, mean a significant number of students participate in activities with hazing risks. The main campus is approximately 30 miles from central League City, making it a common destination for local students.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UH boasts a large urban campus with a significant number of commuter students alongside a growing residential community. Its vibrant Greek life and numerous student organizations reflect the dynamic and multicultural demographics of Houston. Student organizations, ranging from academic and professional to social and cultural, are popular avenues for engagement. The university also has a highly active athletic program, where hazing can sometimes occur.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Houston maintains a strict anti-hazing policy, clearly stating that hazing is prohibited both on and off campus. Their policy specifically bans activities that endanger physical or mental health, including forced consumption of alcohol, drugs, or food, sleep deprivation, physical mistreatment, or any actions designed to produce mental distress, shame, humiliation, or ridicule. UH provides multiple reporting channels accessible to League City families, including the Dean of Students Office, the Student Conduct Office, and the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD). An anonymous reporting option is also available online. UH regularly publishes summaries of hazing incidents and disciplinary actions on its website, though the level of detail can vary.

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UH has faced its share of hazing incidents, underscoring the ongoing challenge even with strong policies.

• 2016 Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) Incident: Pledges of the UH chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha were allegedly subjected to a multi-day hazing event where they were deprived of sufficient food, water, and sleep. One student reportedly suffered a lacerated spleen after being violently slammed onto a table or similar surface. The chapter faced misdemeanor hazing charges filed by the Harris County District Attorney’s Office and was suspended by the university.
• Ongoing Disciplinary Actions: UH’s public records show various fraternities and sororities have faced disciplinary action for hazing, often involving alcohol misuse, physical exercises, servitude, and activities deemed “likely to produce mental or physical discomfort.” These incidents frequently result in probation, suspension, or mandated educational programs.

These examples highlight UH’s willingness to suspend chapters, but also the persistent nature of hazing and the need for vigilance from League City parents.

5.1.4 How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

For a League City family whose child experiences hazing at UH, the legal process will involve specific local entities. Investigations could involve the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD) for on-campus incidents or those directly related to campus activities. For off-campus hazing, the Houston Police Department (HPD) or the Harris County Sheriff’s Office would likely be involved.

Civil lawsuits stemming from hazing at UH would typically be filed in Harris County courts, due to the university’s location. Potential defendants could include the individual students involved, the local chapter, the national fraternity or sorority, and potentially the University of Houston itself. Litigating against a public institution like UH involves navigating Texas’s sovereign immunity laws, which require proving gross negligence or specific exceptions. Property owners of off-campus residences where hazing occurred might also be included. Our firm’s deep roots in Houston and extensive experience in Harris County courts are invaluable in these complex cases.

5.1.5 What UH Students & Parents Should Do

League City families with students at UH should:

• Familiarize themselves with the UH hazing policy via the university’s official website.
• Utilize UH’s anonymous reporting options if they suspect hazing without fear of retaliation.
• Document any suspected hazing incidents with extreme care, gathering screenshots of group chats, photos of injuries, and detailed notes on dates and locations.
• For any serious injury or significant well-being concern, consult with a Houston-based attorney who specializes in hazing. An attorney can help navigate UH’s internal processes, which may not always align with a family’s pursuit of justice and accountability. Our firm has specific experience with litigation in Harris County, including cases against large institutions in the area.

5.2 Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University, a beloved institution for many Texans, including those in League City, presents a unique cultural environment with a strong emphasis on tradition, loyalty, and community. While College Station is about 90 miles northwest of League City, many League City residents are proud Aggies, and their children frequently attend Texas A&M, often joining its active Greek life or the revered Corps of Cadets.

5.2.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas A&M’s identity is heavily shaped by its long-standing traditions, the Aggie Spirit, and the renowned Corps of Cadets, which stands as the largest uniformed body of students outside the federal service academies. Alongside the Corps, A&M has a significant Greek life presence across its Interfraternity Council (IFC), Collegiate Panhellenic Council (CPC), Multicultural Greek Council (MGC), and National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) organizations. The culture of deep-seated traditions and group allegiance, while fostering strong bonds, also creates an environment where hazing can be justified under the guise of “earning your Aggie Ring” or “building character.”

5.2.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Texas A&M has a zero-tolerance policy for hazing, emphasizing that it is illegal under Texas law and strictly forbidden by the university. Their policy explicitly covers acts that endanger physical or mental health for the purpose of initiation or affiliation, whether on or off campus. Reporting channels include the Dean of Student Life, the Office of Student Conduct, and the Texas A&M University Police Department (UPD). The university also provides an online “Hazing Prevention Portal” and anonymous reporting options. For Corps of Cadets members, specific reporting protocols exist through the Corps leadership structure.

5.2.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) Lawsuit (Around 2021): This highly publicized civil lawsuit involved two male pledges alleging severe physical hazing by the Texas A&M chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE). They claimed older members forced them to endure strenuous physical activity in a garage, where substances including industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, and spit were poured on them. This resulted in severe chemical burns that required emergency skin graft surgeries. The pledges sued the fraternity for over $1 million, alleging negligence and gross negligence. While the specific outcome of the lawsuit was not publicly disclosed, the university suspended the SAE chapter for two years. This case highlights the extreme and dangerous forms physical hazing can take, moving beyond traditional alcohol abuse.

• Corps of Cadets Lawsuit (2023): A former Air Force ROTC cadet and band member in the Corps of Cadets filed a lawsuit against Texas A&M, alleging degrading and physically abusive hazing. The cadet claimed he was subjected to simulated sexual acts, including being tied between two beds in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. He sought over $1 million in damages, alleging that the university failed to protect him despite its anti-hazing policies. Texas A&M publicly stated it had addressed the matter internally under its regulations. This incident underscores that hazing is not confined to Greek life and can manifest in highly traditional and structured organizations like the Corps.

5.2.4 How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

For League City families, hazing incidents at Texas A&M often present unique challenges stemming from the powerful culture of the university and the deep-seated loyalty of its alumni. Investigations could involve the Texas A&M University Police Department (UPD), especially for incidents on campus or within the Corps. For off-campus hazing, the Bryan Police Department or College Station Police Department (and the Brazos County Sheriff’s Office) would have jurisdiction.

Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in Brazos County. Because Texas A&M is a public university, cases against the institution directly would need to address sovereign immunity. However, claims against individual students, the local chapter, the national organization, and potentially even Corps leadership could proceed. Our firm has experience navigating the complexities of large institutional defendants and understanding the nuances of how such institutions respond to allegations of misconduct.

5.2.5 What Texas A&M Students & Parents Should Do

League City families connected to Texas A&M should:

• Review Texas A&M’s specific hazing policies, particularly as they apply to the Corps of Cadets and Greek life.
• Be aware of A&M’s unique cultural emphasis on tradition and “earning your place,” which can sometimes be exploited to justify hazing.
• Document any changes in their student’s behavior or physical well-being, especially during “initiation” or “pledge” periods.
• For serious concerns, contact an attorney with experience in hazing litigation. Given A&M’s public university status, understanding the intricacies of sovereign immunity and how to pursue claims against state entities is crucial. Preserve evidence as quickly as possible, recognizing that “the Spirit of Aggieland” can sometimes foster a strong code of silence amongst students.

5.3 University of Texas at Austin (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin, the flagship institution of the UT System, is a premier destination for many high-achieving students from League City. Situated approximately 170 miles northwest of League City, UT Austin’s vibrant campus, extensive Greek life, and competitive athletic programs mean that hazing is an unfortunate reality that League City families must understand.

5.3.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UT Austin has a colossal, dynamic campus with a reputation for both academic excellence and an energetic social scene. Its Greek system is one of the largest in the nation, encompassing Panhellenic, IFC, NPHC, and other multicultural organizations. Beyond Greek life, UT is home to numerous spirit organizations, highly competitive sports teams, and various academic and professional clubs, all of which have seen hazing incidents. The university’s size, coupled with the city of Austin’s sprawling off-campus housing environment, creates challenges for oversight.

5.3.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Texas at Austin has a comprehensive anti-hazing policy that aligns with Texas state law, prohibiting any act causing mental or physical harm for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. UT’s policy covers both on and off-campus activities and is diligently enforced by the Office of Student Conduct and Ethical Development. Critically, UT Austin is known for its relatively high transparency regarding hazing incidents. The university maintains a public “Hazing Violations” page on its website (deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sfl/hazingviolations.php), which lists organizations, the nature of their violations, and the disciplinary sanctions imposed. This public log is an invaluable resource for League City parents.

5.3.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UT Austin’s public hazing log showcases a consistent pattern of violations across various types of organizations:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) (2023): The UT chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha was found responsible for hazing after new members were directed to consume milk to the point of vomiting and perform strenuous calisthenics. The chapter was placed on probation, lost social privileges, and mandated to implement new hazing-prevention education. This incident, just two years after the fatal Pike hazing at Bowling Green State, highlights the national pattern of dangerous behavior within this organization.
• Texas Wranglers (Spirit Organization) (Multiple Incidents): This prominent spirit organization has faced multiple sanctions for hazing, including forced workouts, alcohol hazing, and other forms of physical and psychological abuse, leading to suspensions and probationary periods.
• Tau Kappa Epsilon (TKE) (2022): Cited for alcohol hazing and physical activities causing mental and physical discomfort, reaffirming that these issues persist across many fraternities.
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) (January 2024): The UT Austin chapter faced a lawsuit seeking over $1 million after an Australian exchange student alleged assault during a party, resulting in severe injuries including a dislocated leg, broken ligaments, a fractured tibia, and a broken nose. The chapter was already under suspension for prior hazing/safety violations, demonstrating a pattern of institutional negligence.

These documented cases are crucial because they not only show violations but also reveal patterns of behavior, demonstrating that the university often has prior knowledge of an organization’s propensity for hazing, which can be central to negligence claims.

5.3.4 How a UT Austin Hazing Case Might Proceed

For League City families, addressing hazing at UT Austin will involve the University of Texas Police Department (UTPD) for incidents occurring on campus or the Austin Police Department (APD) for off-campus events. Civil lawsuits would likely be filed in Travis County, where Austin is located.

Like UH and Texas A&M, UT Austin is a public university and may invoke sovereign immunity. However, the university’s detailed public hazing log and transparent reporting can inadvertently strengthen a plaintiff’s case. Prior violations listed on the log can serve as powerful evidence of UT’s knowledge of an organization’s hazing history, making arguments for negligence or gross negligence significantly more compelling. Defendants could include individuals, the local chapter, the national organization, and potentially the university itself.

5.3.5 What UT Austin Students & Parents Should Do

League City families with students at UT Austin should:

• Regularly review UT’s Hazing Violations page (deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sfl/hazingviolations.php) to stay informed about active organizations, disciplinary actions, and patterns of misconduct.
• Understand that UT’s transparency can be a powerful tool for building a case if hazing occurs, as it clearly documents the university’s knowledge of prior incidents.
• Report any hazing concerns directly through UT’s official channels (Dean of Students, UTPD, or anonymous reports).
• If hazing results in significant harm, consult with an attorney experienced in hazing and complex institutional litigation. Legal counsel can help navigate UT’s internal processes and leverage documented disciplinary history to pursue accountability through civil action.

5.4 Southern Methodist University (SMU)

Southern Methodist University, a private institution in Dallas, is a popular choice for League City students seeking a more intimate campus experience within a major metropolitan area. Located approximately 270 miles north of League City, SMU’s affluent student body and strong Greek life create a distinct environment where hazing incidents unfortunately also occur.

5.4.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

SMU is known for its beautiful campus, academic rigor, and vibrant social scene heavily influenced by its extensive Greek system. With numerous fraternities and sororities under the Panhellenic Council, Interfraternity Council (IFC), and National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), Greek life plays a central role in student social circles. The culture often emphasizes philanthropy, social events, and strong alumni networks, but also provides fertile ground for the competitive and sometimes coercive practices associated with hazing.

5.4.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

SMU maintains a strict anti-hazing policy that is consistent with Texas law, prohibiting any activity that causes mental or physical harm, discomfort, or embarrassment for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. As a private institution, SMU generally has more latitude in its disciplinary actions against student organizations. The university provides several reporting channels, including the Dean of Students, the Office of Student Conduct, and the SMU Police Department. They also promote anonymous reporting systems, including a platform called “Real Response,” to encourage students to come forward without fear.

5.4.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Like other major universities, SMU has had its share of hazing incidents that point to ongoing challenges:

• Kappa Alpha Order Incident (2017): SMU’s chapter of Kappa Alpha Order was suspended after allegations of severe hazing, including reports of pledges being paddled, forced to consume excessive alcohol, and deprived of sleep. The national organization also suspended the chapter for a period. The university’s response included a multi-year suspension for the chapter, with significant restrictions on its ability to recruit new members upon its eventual return.
• Ongoing Monitoring: SMU’s Student Affairs office actively monitors Greek life and other student organizations for hazing compliance, often imposing probationary periods, social restrictions, or required educational programs in response to violations. While SMU doesn’t maintain as publicly detailed a hazing log as UT Austin, our firm’s discovery processes can uncover internal incident reports and disciplinary records.

5.4.4 How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

For League City families with students at SMU, hazing cases would involve the SMU Police Department for incidents on campus. For off-campus hazing, the Dallas Police Department or Dallas County Sheriff’s Office would have jurisdiction.

Civil lawsuits against SMU would typically be filed in Dallas County. As a private university, SMU does not benefit from sovereign immunity, making it potentially easier to pursue claims directly against the institution (compared to public universities). Lawsuits would target individual students, the local chapter, the national organization, and Southern Methodist University itself. Our firm has significant experience with complex litigation in major Texas metropolitan areas, including Dallas, and understands how to navigate the unique dynamics of private university culture.

5.4.5 What SMU Students & Parents Should Do

League City families affiliated with SMU should:

• Be especially attuned to behavioral changes and any secretive conduct from students involved in Greek life, given the social pressures prevalent on campus.
• Familiarize themselves with SMU’s specific hazing reporting mechanisms, particularly anonymous options, to ensure concerns can be raised discreetly.
• Document any alleged hazing incidents meticulously, collecting digital evidence where possible.
• In cases of serious harm, promptly seek legal counsel from an attorney experienced in hazing litigation against private universities. Legal guidance can help navigate internal university investigations and protect the victim’s rights in pursuing civil remedies against all responsible parties.

5.5 Baylor University

Baylor University, a private Baptist university in Waco, holds a distinct place among Texas institutions. While further afield, approximately 180 miles north of League City, many League City families are drawn to its Christian mission and strong academic programs. Its Greek life, athletic programs, and numerous student organizations mean that hazing remains a concern within a campus culture that strongly emphasizes values, but has also faced significant scrutiny over past institutional misconduct.

5.5.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Baylor projects a strong Christian identity, integrating faith with learning and fostering a close-knit community. Simultaneously, it maintains active Greek fraternities and sororities, competitive athletic teams, and various student organizations. This co-existence often creates a dynamic tension; while the university champions ethical conduct, informal peer pressures and the desire for affiliation can sometimes lead to hazing activities that contradict its stated values. Baylor’s recent history includes a major scandal involving mishandling of sexual assault allegations within its football program, which cast a harsh spotlight on institutional oversight and accountability.

5.5.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Baylor University strictly prohibits hazing, defining it broadly to include any act that causes mental or physical harm, or degrades an individual for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. Their policy aligns with Texas law and applies to all student organizations, whether on or off campus. Baylor provides reporting channels through the Dean of Students, the Department of Student Activities, the Baylor University Police Department (BUPD), and an anonymous hotline/online reporting system. The university publicly outlines its commitment to a “zero tolerance” hazing environment.

5.5.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Baylor’s commitment to anti-hazing policies has been tested by various incidents:

• Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020): Following an internal investigation, 14 players from the Baylor baseball team were suspended due to hazing violations. The suspensions were staggered through the early part of the season, indicating a widespread issue within a prominent athletic program. The details of the hazing were not fully disclosed, but the multiple suspensions underscored the severity of the findings.
• Past Greek Life Incidents: Baylor’s disciplinary records (which are not as publicly granular as UT’s) have included various fraternities and sororities facing sanctions for alcohol-related hazing, physical humiliation, and other misconduct, leading to probationary periods and temporary suspensions.

These incidents are particularly notable against Baylor’s backdrop of previous institutional crises, underscoring the ongoing challenge of ensuring student safety and accountability, even at a religiously affiliated private institution that promotes strong moral principles.

5.2.4 How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

For League City families whose children encounter hazing at Baylor, investigations would involve the Baylor University Police Department (BUPD) for on-campus incidents, or the Waco Police Department and McLennan County Sheriff’s Office for off-campus events.

Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in McLennan County. As a private university, Baylor does not have sovereign immunity, making it subject to direct claims for negligence, gross negligence, and other torts. Claims could target individual students, the local chapter, the national organization (if Greek life), and Baylor University itself. Given Baylor’s history of high-profile lawsuits, the institution is acutely aware of its legal obligations and public perception regarding student safety. Our team understands how to pursue claims against private universities, especially when there is a history of institutional governance issues.

5.2.5 What Baylor Students & Parents Should Do

League City families sending students to Baylor should:

• Be aware of the unique dynamics where deeply held traditions and the pursuit of belonging intersect with the university’s strong moral code.
• Educate themselves on Baylor’s anti-hazing policies and utilize the anonymous reporting options if they suspect misconduct.
• Document any signs or direct evidence of hazing, paying attention to the unique forms it may take within a faith-based institution’s student organizations.
• If hazing results in significant harm, promptly consult with an attorney experienced in hazing litigation against private universities. Legal counsel can assist in navigating Baylor’s internal investigation processes and determine the best approach to achieve justice and accountability, leveraging an understanding of the university’s broader history and legal vulnerabilities.

Fraternities & Sororities: Campus-Specific + National Histories

When hazing occurs at a Texas university, League City families often discover that the problem extends far beyond the local campus. Many fraternities and sororities operating at UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, and Baylor are chapters of large national organizations. Understanding the national history of these groups is not just academic; it is a critical component of building a strong legal case by demonstrating foreseeability and a pattern of organizational negligence, especially when a local chapter repeats dangerous acts seen in other states.

Why National Histories Matter

National fraternities and sororities are not passive observers. They establish policies, provide training, collect dues, and often have the authority to suspend or revoke chapter charters. The reason many of these national headquarters have extensive anti-hazing policies, risk management guidelines, and “mandatory training” is precisely because they have seen deaths, catastrophic injuries, and multi-million-dollar lawsuits from prior hazing incidents across their network.

When a local chapter in Texas repeats a hazing “script” that led to injury or death at another chapter in a different state, it can be powerful legal evidence. This pattern demonstrates that the national organization had prior notice of the inherent dangers of those specific hazing acts, yet failed to adequately prevent them. This foreknowledge can strengthen arguments for gross negligence against the national fraternity, often influencing settlement negotiations and insurance coverage disputes.

Organization Mapping: National Hazing Patterns at Texas Campuses

Without listing every single chapter present at the five universities, we can identify several prominent fraternities and sororities with a documented national history of hazing that have also had incidents (or continue to have active chapters) at these Texas institutions.

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike):

  • Identity: A large national fraternity with chapters at UH, Texas A&M, and UT Austin.
  • National Hazing History: Infamous for the Stone Foltz death (Bowling Green, 2021), where a pledge died from alcohol poisoning after being forced to drink a bottle of liquor. Earlier, in 2012, David Bogenberger died from alcohol hazing at Northern Illinois. These incidents highlight a disturbing pattern of dangerous alcohol-related hazing, particularly with “Big/Little” events.
  • Relevance to Texas: The UT Austin chapter of Pike was sanctioned in 2023 for hazing involving forced milk consumption and calisthenics, demonstrating that these patterns persist even after national tragedies.

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE / ΣΑΕ):

  • Identity: A large national fraternity with chapters at UH, Texas A&M, and UT Austin.
  • National Hazing History: SAE has faced multiple hazing-related deaths and severe injuries nationwide over decades. Notable incidents include the alcohol-related death of Carson Starkey (Cal Poly, 2008), which led SAE to famously, (though often ineffectively) ban traditional pledging. More recently, a traumatic brain injury lawsuit was filed against a chapter at the University of Alabama (2023).
  • Relevance to Texas: The Texas A&M chapter faced a $1 million lawsuit around 2021 for severe chemical burns to pledges from industrial cleaner. The UT Austin chapter faced a lawsuit in January 2024 for severe injuries to a student during a party while already under suspension for prior violations. These cases illustrate a national pattern of serious physical and alcohol-related misconduct often repeated at Texas chapters.

• Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ):

  • Identity: A large national fraternity with chapters at UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, and Baylor.
  • National Hazing History: Responsible for the tragic Max Gruver death (LSU, 2017), where a pledge died from alcohol poisoning during a “Bible study” drinking game. This incident directly led to Louisiana’s felony hazing statute.
  • Relevance to Texas: The presence of Phi Delta Theta chapters at multiple major Texas universities means the national organization’s history of lethal alcohol hazing is directly relevant to students and parents here.

• Pi Kappa Phi (ΠΚΦ):

  • Identity: Another major national fraternity with chapters at UH and Texas A&M.
  • National Hazing History: Implicated in the Andrew Coffey death (Florida State, 2017) where a pledge died from alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” ritual involving high-volume drinking.
  • Relevance to Texas: The continued operation of chapters at UH and Texas A&M implies the national has a clear internal understanding of the risks associated with such “traditions.”

• Beta Theta Pi (ΒΘΠ):

  • Identity: A national fraternity with chapters at UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, and Baylor.
  • National Hazing History: The infamous Timothy Piazza death (Penn State, 2017) tragically highlighted extreme alcohol hazing, falls, and deliberate delay in seeking medical aid. This case brought national attention to the severe dangers and cover-up culture in fraternity hazing.
  • Relevance to Texas: The national’s experience with the Piazza case informs its duty to prevent similar incidents at its Texas chapters.

• Kappa Alpha Order (KA):

  • Identity: A national fraternity with chapters at Texas A&M and SMU.
  • National Hazing History: Has faced numerous hazing allegations and suspensions across the country for physical hazing, alcohol abuse, and degradation.
  • Relevance to Texas: The SMU chapter was suspended in 2017 for alleged paddling, forced alcohol consumption, and sleep deprivation, directly reflecting these national patterns.

• Sigma Chi (ΣΧ):

  • Identity: A national fraternity with chapters at UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, and Baylor.
  • National Hazing History: The chapter at College of Charleston (2024) recently faced a lawsuit resulting in a $10 million+ settlement for a pledge who alleged physical beatings, forced drugs/alcohol, and psychological torment. Another incident at UT Arlington in 2020 involved a pledge hospitalized with alcohol poisoning.
  • Relevance to Texas: These cases underline the national organization’s ongoing hazing challenges that are also present within its Texas chapters.

• Kappa Sigma (ΚΣ):

  • Identity: A national fraternity with chapters at UH, Texas A&M, and UT Austin.
  • National Hazing History: Tragically intertwined with the death of Chad Meredith (University of Miami, 2001), who drowned after being persuaded by fraternity members to swim across a lake while intoxicated. His family received a $12.6 million jury verdict.
  • Relevance to Texas: The Texas A&M chapter has been embroiled in ongoing litigation since 2023 due to allegations of severe hazing resulting in conditions like rhabdomyolysis—a severe muscle breakdown from extreme physical exertion. This directly showcases the national patterns impacting local Texas chapters.

• Omega Psi Phi (ΩΨΦ):

  • Identity: A historically Black fraternity (NPHC) with chapters at UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, and Baylor.
  • National Hazing History: While often rooted in historically different traditions, Omega Psi Phi has faced recurrent hazing allegations. Joseph Snell received a $375,000 verdict in 1997 after suffering severe beatings and burns during hazing, establishing a precedent for holding the national organization liable. More recently, in April 2023, a former student at the University of Southern Mississippi filed a federal lawsuit alleging “Hell Night” beatings with wooden paddles leading to emergency surgery.
  • Relevance to Texas: These cases demonstrate that hazing is a nationwide problem across all Greek councils, and the national entity’s history of incidents will factor into claims against its Texas chapters.

Tie Back to Legal Strategy

This cross-state pattern is critical for League City families considering legal action. When a national organization, like Pi Kappa Alpha or Sigma Alpha Epsilon, hasfaced repeated hazing incidents (especially involving similar types of dangerous behavior) across different university chapters, it becomes extremely difficult for them to argue that a new incident in Texas was “unforeseeable” or that the local chapter was “rogue.”

In civil litigation, this pattern evidence allows our firm to argue that the national organization not only had a duty to implement strong anti-hazing policies but also a duty to effectively enforce them, monitor chapters, and intervene aggressively when red flags appeared. Their knowledge of prior tragedies means they are on notice of the potential for harm. This context influences:

• Settlement Leverage: National organizations, facing a clear pattern of negligence, are often more inclined to negotiate higher settlements to avoid public trials and potentially larger jury verdicts and punitive damages.
• Insurance Coverage Disputes: Insurers for national fraternities and universities often try to deny coverage by claiming “hazing” or “intentional acts” are excluded. Our deep understanding of how these insurers operate (leveraging Lupe Peña’s insider knowledge) allows us to challenge these exclusions effectively by arguing negligent supervision, which is typically covered.
• Potential for Punitive Damages: In egregious cases, where a national organization or university showed reckless indifference to a known pattern of dangerous hazing, juries may award punitive damages to punish the defendants and deter future misconduct.

By meticulously researching and presenting the national and campus-specific histories of these organizations, Attorney911 builds comprehensive cases that demonstrate systematic failures, forcing all responsible parties to take accountability for the harm caused to League City students.

Building a Case: Evidence, Damages, Strategy

For League City families whose child has been harmed by hazing, the path to justice involves a meticulously built legal case. This process is complex, requiring not only a deep understanding of Texas law and university policies but also sophisticated investigative techniques to uncover often hidden evidence. Our firm excels at this, understanding that a strong case hinges on robust evidence, a clear articulation of damages, and a strategic approach to litigation.

Evidence

The modern hazing case is often won or lost based on digital evidence. However, a comprehensive investigation involves gathering many forms of proof.

• Digital Communications: In 2025, group chats and direct messages are often the most fertile ground for evidence. Messages from platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, Slack, and even private fraternity/sorority apps can reveal planning, peer pressure, explicit instructions, evidence of coercion, and subsequent cover-up attempts. We meticulously preserve and analyze these communications, including deleted messages, which can often be recovered through digital forensics. We also look at Instagram DMs, Snapchat messages, and TikTok comments for clues. The content—text, photos, videos, voice notes—provides a real-time record of events. Attorney911’s video on using your phone to document evidence (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) explains best practices for preserving screenshots and photos.

• Photos & Videos: Beyond text, visual evidence is incredibly powerful. This includes videos or photos taken by members during the hazing events themselves (even if later deleted), footage shared in group chats or posted on social media (even if privacy settings are tight), and security camera or Ring/doorbell footage from houses or venues where hazing occurred. We’ve seen harrowing content from cases like Timothy Piazza’s, where internal security cameras provided irrefutable proof.

• Internal Organization Documents: Subpoenas in civil cases can compel the production of crucial internal documents. These include pledge manuals, initiation scripts, lists of ritual “traditions,” risk management policies, emails or texts from officers discussing “what we’ll do to pledges,” and the national organization’s anti-hazing training materials. These documents help establish intent, knowledge, and failure to enforce policies.

• University Records: Through discovery and public records requests (for public universities like UH, Texas A&M, and UT Austin), we seek vital university records. This includes prior conduct files, probation or suspension records for the involved organization, letters of warning about hazing, incident reports filed with campus police or student conduct offices, and Clery Act reports. These records are critical for demonstrating that the university had prior knowledge of an organization’s hazing propensity and failed to act. UT Austin’s public hazing log, for instance, serves as invaluable evidence.

• Medical and Psychological Records: These records are essential for documenting the full extent of the victim’s injuries and suffering. We gather emergency room and hospitalization records, surgical reports, physical therapy and rehabilitation notes, and toxicology reports (for alcohol or drug testing). Crucially, we also obtain psychological evaluations—for PTSD, depression, anxiety, or suicidal ideation—to document the profound mental and emotional trauma hazing often inflicts. These records are key to quantifying both economic and non-economic damages.

• Witness Testimony: The accounts of other pledges, active members, roommates, Resident Assistants (RAs), coaches, trainers, or bystanders can be pivotal. Sometimes, former members who quit or were expelled due to hazing are willing to come forward, their testimony offering critical insider perspectives. We meticulously interview and prepare witnesses, understanding the fear of retaliation and social pressures that often accompany hazing.

Damages

The legal system aims to make victims “whole” again by awarding damages that compensate for their losses. Hazing cases often involve significant damages due to the severity of the physical and psychological harm inflicted. For League City families, understanding these categories is crucial.

• Medical Bills & Future Care: This covers all past medical expenses (ambulance, ER, hospitalization, surgeries, medications) and, more critically, projected future medical care. This includes ongoing physical or occupational therapy, long-term rehabilitation, psychiatric care, and medications for PTSD, depression, or anxiety. For catastrophic injuries like brain damage (as in the Danny Santulli case), a “life care plan” can be developed to cover 24/7 care for the victim’s lifetime, potentially amounting to tens of millions of dollars.

• Lost Earnings / Educational Impact: Hazing can disrupt a student’s education, leading to missed semesters, academic withdrawal, or loss of scholarships. This translates to lost future earning potential, especially if a permanent injury or psychological trauma affects their ability to pursue their chosen career. We work with vocational experts and economists to calculate these long-term financial impacts.

• Non-Economic Damages: These compensate for the subjective, intangible harms. They include:

  • Physical Pain and Suffering: Both past and future pain from injuries.
  • Emotional Distress: The profound psychological toll, including humiliation, shame, loss of dignity, fear, anxiety, nightmares, and flashbacks. This can also include “survivor’s guilt” if friends were also hazed or if someone died.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: Compensation for the victim’s inability to participate in activities they once loved (sports, hobbies, social life) or the loss of their normal college experience and relationships.

• Wrongful Death Damages (for Families): In the most tragic hazing cases, where a student dies, surviving family members (parents, children, spouse) can recover substantial damages. These include funeral and burial costs, loss of financial support the deceased would have provided, and most significantly, compensation for the profound grief, loss of companionship, love, and emotional support experienced by the family.

• Punitive Damages: In cases of extreme recklessness, willful misconduct, or malice, punitive damages may be awarded. These are not compensatory but are designed to punish the defendants and deter similar conduct in the future. In Texas, punitive damages are available but often capped. However, demonstrating prior knowledge and a blatant disregard for safety can make a strong case for imposing them.

Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

Hazing cases often involve multiple defendants, each with their own legal counsel and, crucially, insurance policies.

• Insurance Coverage: National fraternities and universities typically carry substantial liability insurance policies. However, insurers frequently try to deny coverage by claiming that hazing or “intentional acts” are excluded. This leads to complex battles over policy language and legal interpretation. Lupe Peña’s background as a former insurance defense attorney is invaluable here; she understands the strategies insurance companies employ to limit payouts.
• Identifying All Coverage Sources: An experienced hazing attorney meticulously identifies all potential insurance policies, including those held by the local chapter, the national organization, individual members (homeowner’s policies may sometimes apply), the university, and even event venues. This ensures all possible avenues for compensation are explored.
• Navigating Exclusions: We challenge insurance companies’ attempts to exclude hazing from coverage by arguing, for example, that while the hazing act itself may have been intentional, the national organization’s or university’s negligent supervision or failure to enforce policies led to the harm, and this negligence is covered.

Our strategic approach combines rigorous investigation, legal precision, and fierce advocacy to ensure all responsible parties are held accountable and League City families receive the full compensation they deserve.

Practical Guides & FAQs

When hazing impacts a family, immediate, actionable guidance is essential. For League City parents, students, and even former members, knowing what to do—and what not to do—can make all the difference.

8.1 For Parents: Recognizing & Responding to Hazing

League City parents are acutely aware of the challenges their children face in college. Knowing the warning signs of hazing and how to respond effectively can be life-saving.

• Warning Signs of Hazing: Be alert for patterns, not isolated incidents. Look for:

  • Unexplained injuries or “accidents”: Bruises, burns, cuts that don’t have a clear, consistent explanation, or repeated “falls” or “sports injuries” outside of normal activity.
  • Sudden exhaustion, sleep deprivation: Constant late nights, early mornings, or calls demanding immediate responses that interrupt sleep.
  • Drastic mood changes: Increased anxiety, depression, irritability, hostility, or social withdrawal from non-Greek friends or family.
  • Secrecy and defensiveness: Refusal to discuss “pledge activities” or getting angry when asked, saying, “I can’t talk about it,” or “It’s a secret.”
  • Changes in appearance: Significant weight loss or gain, neglect of personal hygiene, or looking disheveled.
  • Academic decline: Grades dropping, missing classes, or an inability to focus on studies due to mandatory pledge events.
  • Financial strain: Unexpected requests for money, unexplained fines, or needing to purchase excessive alcohol or items for older members.
  • Digital behavior: Obsessive checking of phone for group messages, anxiety when phone buzzes, or deleting messages immediately after viewing.

• How to Talk to Your Child: Approach the conversation calmly, empathetically, and without judgment.

  • Start with open-ended questions: “How are things going with the fraternity/sorority? Are you enjoying it?”
  • Emphasize safety and well-being over social status: “Your health and safety are my top priority, not whether you get initiated.”
  • Reassure them that you will support them no matter what and that they can confide in you without fear of judgment.
  • Ask specific, non-accusatory questions: “Are they respectful of your time for classes and sleep? Do you ever feel uncomfortable or pressured to do things you don’t want to do?”

• If Your Child is Hurt or Being Hazed:

  • Seek Medical Attention Immediately: Their physical and mental health comes first. Document everything they tell the medical staff (e.g., “I was forced to drink this,” “I was paddled here”).
  • Document Everything Yourself: Take clear photos of injuries, screenshot any relevant group chats or messages, and write down a detailed timeline of events (who, what, when, where). Preserve clothing worn during the incident if it has any relevant stains or damage.
  • Contact Us Immediately: Call Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 within the first 24-48 hours. Evidence can disappear quickly, and universities will begin their own investigations.

• Dealing with the University:

  • Document Every Communication: Keep a detailed record of all interactions with university officials (Dean of Students, student conduct, campus police, Greek life advisors). Note names, dates, times, and what was discussed.
  • Ask Direct Questions: Inquire about prior incidents involving the specific organization and what disciplinary actions were taken. This information, if available, can be crucial for establishing a pattern of negligence.
  • Do Not Sign Anything Without Legal Counsel: Universities may present release forms or internal resolution agreements that could waive your child’s legal rights.

• When to Talk to a Lawyer:

  • If your child has suffered significant physical injuries or psychological trauma.
  • If you suspect a cover-up, stonewalling, or minimizing of the incident by the university or organization.
  • If you need help preserving evidence, understanding legal rights, or navigating official channels.

8.2 For Students / Pledges

For students in League City facing peer pressure, it can be incredibly difficult to identify hazing or know how to escape it.

• Is This Hazing or Just Tradition? Ask yourself:

  • “Am I being forced or pressured to do something I genuinely don’t want to do?”
  • “Would I do this activity if no one else was here, and there were no consequences for refusal?”
  • “Is this activity dangerous, illegal, or degrading?”
  • “Would older members do this specific activity themselves?”
  • “Am I being told to keep secrets or lie about this to my family, friends, or the university?”
  • If the answer is YES to any of these, it is very likely hazing, regardless of how others label it. Remember, Texas law explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing.

• Why “Consent” Isn’t the End of the Story: Despite what older members might say, your “agreement” to participate in hazing is often legally meaningless. The law recognizes the immense power dynamics, fear of exclusion, and the psychological manipulation that occurs in these situations. You can’t truly consent when you’re under duress or facing implicit threats to your membership or social standing.

• Exiting and Reporting Safely:

  • Immediate Danger: If you are in physical danger or witness a medical emergency, call 911 immediately. Most schools and Texas law provide good-faith reporter immunity, meaning you will not get in trouble for seeking help.
  • Leaving the Organization: You have the legal right to de-pledge or resign at any time. Inform a trusted adult outside the organization first (parent, RA, academic advisor). You can then send a clear email or text to the chapter president stating your resignation. You do not need to attend “one last meeting” where you might be pressured or intimidated.
  • Reporting Safely:
    • On Campus: Dean of Students, Office of Student Conduct, Title IX Coordinator (if sexual harassment is involved), Campus Police, or the university’s anonymous reporting line.
    • Off Campus: Local Police (Dallas, Houston, Waco, Austin, College Station, or League City PD), or the National Anti-Hazing Hotline at 1-888-NOT-HAZE.
    • Legal Counsel: A lawyer specializing in hazing cases can offer confidential advice and help protect you from retaliation.

• Good-Faith Reporting and Amnesty: Many schools and Texas law (Texas Education Code § 37.154) encourage calling for help in emergencies by offering protections for students who report, even if they were involved in alcohol use or other violations. This means your safety is prioritized.

8.3 For Former Members / Witnesses

You may carry immense guilt or fear of consequences from an incident you participated in or witnessed. Please know that your testimony and evidence can be crucial to preventing future harm and saving lives.

• Your Role in Accountability: While you may have been part of the problem, you can also be an essential part of the solution. Your unique perspective and knowledge of internal workings can bring invaluable justice to victims.
• Legal Advice: If you are concerned about your own legal exposure (criminal or civil), it is critical to seek independent legal advice. Our criminal defense experience (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/criminal-defense-lawyers/) allows us to advise witnesses on their rights and options when facing potential criminal charges or civil liability.
• Cooperation: While navigating your own legal position, understand that cooperating with investigators or victims’ attorneys can be an important step toward personal accountability and healing.

8.4 Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

For League City families, navigating the immediate aftermath of a hazing incident is fraught with peril. The actions you take (or fail to take) in the critical hours and days following an incident can profoundly impact your child’s physical and emotional recovery, as well as the strength of any potential legal case. Avoid these common, often well-intentioned, mistakes:

1. Letting Your Child Delete Messages or “Clean Up” Evidence:

   • What parents think: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble” or “I want to protect their privacy.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Digital evidence, especially group chats (GroupMe, WhatsApp, Snapchat, iMessage) and social media content, is often the most damning proof of hazing. Deleting it makes your case nearly impossible, looks like a cover-up to investigators, and can even carry its own legal repercussions.
   • What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately. Take full screenshots of every relevant message thread, ensuring sender names, timestamps, and context are visible. Forward important emails. Save photos/videos. Our team can help with digital forensics to recover deleted information, but original captures are best.

2. Confronting the Fraternity/Sorority Directly:

   • What parents think: “I’m going to give them a piece of my mind for hurting my child.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Direct confrontation will immediately trigger a “cat out of the bag” effect. The organization will lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses on their statements, and prepare their defenses. You will likely be stonewalled or receive carefully worded denials.
   • What to do instead: Document everything in detail. Then, contact an experienced hazing attorney BEFORE any direct contact with the organization. Your attorney can manage communications strategically.

3. Signing University “Release” or “Resolution” Forms:

   • What universities do: Following an incident, universities may pressure families to sign waivers, “non-disclosure agreements,” or “internal resolution” documents, sometimes framed as protecting your child’s privacy or ensuring a swift disciplinary process.
   • Why it’s wrong: These documents often include clauses that waive your right to pursue further legal action or make public statements about the incident. Settlements offered by universities in these internal processes are usually far below the actual value of a catastrophic injury or wrongful death case.
   • What to do instead: Do NOT sign anything from the university without having an independent attorney review it first. Your attorney protects your legal rights.

4. Posting Details on Social Media Before Talking to a Lawyer:

   • What families think: “I want people to know what happened to my child and warn others.”
   • Why it’s wrong: While understandable, anything you post online can and will be used by defense attorneys. Inconsistencies between public statements and later legal testimony can severely damage your credibility. It can also, inadvertently, disclose privileged information or invite backlash.
   • What to do instead: Document everything privately. Your attorney will help you strategize public messaging, if any, ensuring it supports your case without compromising it.

5. Letting Your Child Go Back for “One Last Meeting”:

   • What fraternities say: “Come talk to us before you do anything drastic” or “You owe us an explanation.”
   • Why it’s wrong: These “meetings” are rarely about genuine remorse or reconciliation. They are often designed to pressure the victim, intimidate them, or extract statements that could be used against them in an investigation or lawsuit.
   • What to do instead: Once you are considering legal action, all communication with the organization should be directed through your attorney. This protects your child from further psychological harm and legal traps.

6. Waiting “to See How the University Handles It”:

   • What universities promise: “We’re investigating this internally; please let us handle this.”
   • Why it’s wrong: While universities do have a role in internal investigations and student discipline, their primary objective is often to protect the institution’s reputation and manage legal exposure. Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate and scatter, and legal statutes of limitations can expire while you wait. The university’s disciplinary process is separate from your right to legal compensation and accountability.
   • What to do instead: Preserve evidence NOW. Consult with a hazing attorney immediately. University processes alone are rarely sufficient for true accountability and compensation in serious hazing cases.

7. Talking to Insurance Adjusters Without a Lawyer:

   • What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process the claim quickly” or “We need to understand your damages.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Insurance adjusters, whether for the university, the national fraternity, or individuals, are not on your side. Their goal is to minimize payout. Recorded statements can be twisted and used against you, and early settlement offers are invariably low-ball attempts.
   • What to do instead: Politely decline to speak with any insurance adjuster directly. State that your attorney will contact them.

The Manginello Law Firm’s YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@Manginellolawfirm) offers valuable insights into these and other critical mistakes, including a video specifically titled “Client Mistakes That Can Ruin Your Injury Case” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY). We emphasize proactive client education to empower League City families and protect their rights effectively.

8.5 Short FAQ

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
  Yes, under specific circumstances. Public universities in Texas (such as UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin) benefit from a degree of sovereign immunity, but exceptions exist for gross negligence, willful misconduct, and violations like Title IX. Private universities (like SMU and Baylor) have fewer immunity protections. Every case is fact-specific, and an experienced attorney is crucial to determine viability.

• “Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
  Yes, it absolutely can be. While basic hazing is a Class B misdemeanor, it becomes a state jail felony under Texas law if it causes serious bodily injury or death. This means individuals convicted could face significant jail time. Also, failing to report hazing or retaliating against a reporter are misdemeanor offenses.

• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
  Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. The law recognizes that “agreement” under duress, peer pressure, and fear of exclusion is not true voluntary consent. Your child cannot legally consent to be hazed.

• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
  Generally, the statute of limitations in Texas for personal injury and wrongful death claims is two years from the date of injury or death. However, certain factors like the “discovery rule” (when the harm or its cause was reasonably discovered) or fraudulent concealment can sometimes extend this period. Time is critical: evidence disappears, witnesses’ memories fade, and organizations may destroy records. We strongly advise contacting Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately. You can also watch our video explaining the statute of limitations at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c.

• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
  The location of hazing does not eliminate liability. Many major hazing cases that resulted in multi-million dollar judgments (like the Pi Delta Psi case at a remote retreat or the Sigma Pi case at an unofficial house) occurred off-campus. Universities and national organizations can still be held liable based on their sponsorship, control, knowledge, and the foreseeability that hazing would occur in such a setting.

• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  We understand the desire for privacy. While serious hazing cases can become public, most hazing lawsuits are resolved through confidential settlements before trial. We prioritize your family’s privacy and work to minimize public exposure while diligently pursuing justice and accountability. You can also watch our video titled “Will You Keep Me Updated on My Case?” at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JrQowOLv1k to learn more about our commitment to client communication and discretion.

About The Manginello Law Firm + Call to Action

When your family faces a hazing case, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how powerful institutions fight back—how fraternities, sororities, Corps programs, and athletic departments operate behind closed doors—and how to win anyway. At The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, operating as Attorney911, the Legal Emergency Lawyers™, we bring unparalleled experience and strategic depth to hazing litigation that distinguishes us in Texas.

From our Houston office, we serve families throughout Texas, including League City, Galveston County, and the greater Harris County area. We understand that hazing at Texas universities, whether at UH just up the road, or Texas A&M, UT, SMU, or Baylor, profoundly impacts families just like yours.

Our firm’s unique qualifications for complex hazing cases include:

• Insurance Insider Advantage: Our associate attorney, Lupe Peña (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), previously worked as an insurance defense attorney for a national firm. She knows exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies value (and undervalue) hazing claims, their delay tactics, coverage exclusion arguments, and settlement strategies. We know their playbook because we used to run it, giving us an invaluable edge in forcing fair settlements.

• Complex Litigation Against Massive Institutions: Our managing partner, Ralph Manginello (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/), has a distinguished background, including being one of the few Texas firms involved in the BP Texas City explosion litigation. This experience taking on multi-billion dollar corporations with unlimited resources directly translates to hazing cases against national fraternities, universities, and their formidable defense teams. We are not intimidated by powerful defendants.

• Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death and Catastrophic Injury Experience: We have a proven track record of securing multi-million dollar settlements and verdicts in complex wrongful death and catastrophic injury cases. We meticulously evaluate future medical needs, lost earning capacity, and the profound non-economic toll through collaboration with economists, life care planners, and medical experts. We don’t settle cheap; we build cases that compel accountability. Learn more about our wrongful death practice at https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/.

• Criminal + Civil Hazing Expertise: Ralph’s membership in the prestigious Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) provides a crucial understanding of how criminal hazing charges interact with civil litigation. This dual expertise means we can advise individuals, witnesses, or former members on their legal rights and options when facing criminal exposure, ensuring a cohesive strategy across both legal spheres.

• Investigative Depth: We investigate hazing cases like a high-stakes emergency, because they are. We partner with digital forensics experts to recover deleted group chats, social media, and other crucial electronic evidence. We subpoena national fraternity records for patterns of prior misconduct and uncover university files through skilled discovery and public records requests. Our network of medical experts, psychologists, and vocational specialists ensures every aspect of harm is meticulously documented and valued.

We understand that hazing is one of the hardest things a family can face. Our job is to get you answers, hold the right people accountable, and help prevent this from happening to another family. We pursue thorough investigation and real accountability, balancing victim privacy with the pursuit of justice.

If you or your child experienced hazing at any Texas campus – whether at UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, Baylor, or another institution – we want to hear from you. League City families and those throughout the surrounding region have the right to answers and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We’ll listen to what happened, explain your legal options, and help you decide on the best path forward, without any pressure to hire us on the spot.

What to expect in your free consultation:

• We will listen to your story without judgment.
• We will review any evidence you have (photos, texts, medical records).
• We will explain your legal options: a criminal report, a civil lawsuit, both, or neither.
• We will discuss realistic timelines and what to expect from the legal process.
• We will answer your questions about our contingency fee structure—we don’t get paid unless we win your case. Watch our video explaining contingency fees at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc.

Whether you’re in League City or anywhere across Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. Call us today.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com

Hablamos Español – Contact Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com for a confidential consultation in Spanish.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com