Hazing in Texas: A Comprehensive Legal Guide for Lufkin Families

When Tradition Turns to Trauma: What Every Lufkin Parent Needs to Know About Campus Hazing

For parents in Lufkin, the pride of sending a child to college at Stephen F. Austin State University, Texas A&M, or any other Texas campus can turn to heartbreak overnight. The phone call no parent wants to receive often starts with, “Mom, Dad—something happened at the fraternity house,” or “I think what we’re doing for the Corps might be too much.” What follows is a confusing maze of university procedures, medical bills, and institutional stonewalling. Hazing isn’t just “boys being boys” or “harmless tradition”—it’s a dangerous, often criminal practice that has hospitalized and killed Texas students.

Right now, in our state, we’re actively litigating one of the most serious hazing cases in recent memory. We represent Leonel Bermudez in his $10 million lawsuit against the University of Houston, the Pi Kappa Phi national fraternity, and 13 individual fraternity leaders. Bermudez, a transfer student hoping to find community at UH, suffered rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure after being forced through extreme workouts, humiliating rituals, and dangerous hazing at the Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu chapter. According to a Click2Houston investigation, his urine turned brown from muscle breakdown, requiring four days of hospitalization with ongoing risk of permanent kidney damage. This is happening right here in Texas, to students from communities like ours.

This comprehensive guide explains what hazing really looks like in 2025, Texas hazing laws, what’s happening at major universities where Lufkin families send their children, and what legal options exist when institutions fail to protect students. We serve families throughout East Texas and across the state from our Houston, Austin, and Beaumont offices, bringing insider insurance knowledge and complex litigation experience to hold powerful organizations accountable.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES

If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

• Call 911 for medical emergencies
• Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• We provide immediate help—that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

In the first 48 hours:

• Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
• Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
  • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
  • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
  • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
• Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
• Do NOT:
  • Confront the fraternity/sorority
  • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
  • Post details on public social media
  • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

• Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
• Universities move quickly to control the narrative
• We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
• Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like Today

Beyond the Stereotypes: Modern Hazing Tactics

Hazing has evolved far beyond the caricatures of “Animal House.” For Lufkin families with students at SFA, Texas A&M, UT Austin, or other Texas campuses, understanding these modern tactics is crucial. Hazing today is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to joining or maintaining membership in a group, where the behavior endangers physical or mental health, humiliates, or exploits. The critical legal point: “I agreed to it” does not automatically make it safe or legal when there’s peer pressure and power imbalance.

Five Categories of Modern Hazing

1. Alcohol and Substance Hazing
This remains the deadliest form. It includes forced “lineup” drinking, “Big/Little” nights with handle deliveries, drinking games with wrong-answer penalties (like the “Bible study” that killed Max Gruver at LSU), and coerced consumption of unknown substances. In the UH Pi Kappa Phi case, Bermudez was forced to consume milk, hot dogs, and peppercorns until vomiting, then immediately forced to sprint.

2. Physical Endurance Hazing
Extreme calisthenics beyond normal conditioning—what fraternities call “smokings.” The UH case involved 100+ push-ups and 500 squats in a single session. Other forms include paddling (still prevalent despite national bans), sleep deprivation (3 AM wake-up calls for “mandatory” activities), food/water restriction, and exposure to extreme elements (being left outside in underwear during cold weather).

3. Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing
This ranges from forced nudity and simulated sexual acts to degrading costumes and racial/sexist role-playing. In the UH case, pledges carried a “pledge fanny pack” 24/7 containing condoms, a sex toy, and other humiliating items. At Texas A&M, a Corps cadet alleged being bound in a “roasted pig” position with an apple in his mouth.

4. Psychological Hazing
Verbal abuse, isolation from non-members, forced confessions, public shaming in meetings, and manipulation that creates dependency on the group. This psychological component often does the most long-term damage, leading to PTSD, depression, and anxiety.

5. Digital Hazing
The newest frontier: 24/7 group chat monitoring, geo-tracking demands, social media humiliation through TikTok challenges or Instagram dares, and coerced creation of compromising content. In the UH case, constant group chat demands created psychological pressure and sleep disruption.

Where Hazing Happens in Texas

While fraternities and sororities receive most attention, hazing occurs across campus organizations:

• Fraternities and Sororities (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, multicultural Greek councils)
• Corps of Cadets/Military Groups (particularly at Texas A&M)
• Athletic Teams (from football to cheerleading)
• Spirit and Tradition Organizations (like Texas Cowboys at UT)
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups
• Academic and Service Organizations

The common thread isn’t Greek letters—it’s power imbalance, tradition worship, and enforced secrecy. These elements allow hazing to persist even when everyone “knows” it’s illegal.

Texas Hazing Law: What Lufkin Families Need to Know

Texas Education Code Chapter 37: The Foundation

Texas has specific anti-hazing statutes in the Education Code that govern cases affecting Lufkin families. The law defines hazing as any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, directed against a student that:

• Endangers mental or physical health or safety, AND
• Occurs for pledging, initiation, affiliation, holding office, or maintaining membership

Key provisions for Lufkin families:

Criminal Penalties (§37.152):

• Class B Misdemeanor: Basic hazing (up to 180 days jail, $2,000 fine)
• Class A Misdemeanor: Hazing causing injury requiring medical treatment
• State Jail Felony: Hazing causing serious bodily injury or death

Organizational Liability (§37.153):
Fraternities, sororities, and other organizations can be fined up to $10,000 per violation and face campus bans if they authorize or encourage hazing, or if officers knew and failed to report.

Consent Is NOT a Defense (§37.155):
Texas law explicitly states that victim “consent” does not excuse hazing. Courts recognize that power imbalance and peer pressure negate true voluntary consent.

Good-Faith Reporting Protection (§37.154):
Those who report hazing in good faith to universities or law enforcement receive immunity from civil/criminal liability that might otherwise result. Many Texas universities also have medical amnesty policies protecting those who call 911 in alcohol emergencies.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases: Understanding the Difference

Criminal Cases:

• Brought by the state (district attorney)
• Aim: Punishment (jail, fines, probation)
• Common hazing-related charges: hazing offenses, furnishing alcohol to minors, assault, battery, manslaughter in fatal cases
• Example: In the Pi Delta Psi case at Baruch College, members received jail sentences for the hazing death of Michael Deng

Civil Cases:

• Brought by victims or surviving families
• Aim: Compensation and accountability
• Focus: Negligence, wrongful death, negligent supervision, premises liability, emotional distress
• Example: The Stone Foltz family reached a $10 million settlement with Pi Kappa Alpha and Bowling Green State University

Critical Point: These cases can run simultaneously, and a criminal conviction is not required to pursue a civil case. Civil cases often uncover evidence that supports criminal prosecution.

Federal Overlay: Additional Protections

Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024):
Requires colleges receiving federal aid to report hazing incidents transparently, strengthen prevention programs, and maintain public hazing data by 2026. This will help Lufkin families research campus safety records.

Title IX:
When hazing involves sexual harassment, assault, or gender-based hostility, Title IX obligations trigger independent investigations and potential federal claims.

Clery Act:
Requires reporting certain crimes in campus safety statistics; hazing incidents often overlap with assault or alcohol crimes that must be disclosed.

Who Can Be Liable in a Texas Hazing Lawsuit?

1. Individual Students:
Those who planned, supplied alcohol, carried out acts, or helped cover up. In the UH Pi Kappa Phi case, 13 individual members are named as defendants alongside the organizations.

2. Local Chapter/Organization:
The fraternity/sorority entity itself (if incorporated) and its officers. Chapter presidents, pledge educators, and risk managers often face personal liability.

3. National Fraternity/Sorority Headquarters:
Nationals that set policies, receive dues, and supervise chapters. Liability hinges on what they knew or should have known from prior incidents at other chapters. In the Stone Foltz case, Pi Kappa Alpha national paid $7 million of the $10 million settlement.

4. University/Board of Regents:
Schools may be liable under negligence theories if they had prior warnings, failed to enforce policies, or showed deliberate indifference. Public universities like UH and Texas A&M have some sovereign immunity protections, but exceptions exist for gross negligence.

5. Third Parties:
Property owners (landlords of off-campus houses), alcohol providers (under Texas dram shop law), security companies, or event organizers.

Every case is fact-specific, but experienced hazing attorneys investigate all potential avenues of liability to ensure full accountability.

National Hazing Patterns: Lessons for Texas Families

The Alcohol Poisoning Pattern: Repeated Tragedy

Timothy Piazza – Penn State, Beta Theta Pi (2017):
A bid-acceptance night with extreme drinking led to fatal falls captured on chapter security cameras. Brothers delayed calling 911 for hours. The case resulted in dozens of criminal charges, civil litigation, and Pennsylvania’s Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law. Lesson for Lufkin families: Delay in seeking medical help dramatically increases liability and moral culpability.

Max Gruver – LSU, Phi Delta Theta (2017):
A “Bible study” drinking game where wrong answers meant forced drinking led to a 0.495% BAC and death. The case produced the Max Gruver Act making hazing a felony in Louisiana. Lesson: So-called “games” with alcohol are particularly dangerous and legally indefensible.

Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021):
A “Big/Little” night where the pledge was given an entire bottle of whiskey led to fatal alcohol poisoning. The family reached a $10 million settlement ($7M from national Pi Kappa Alpha, ~$3M from BGSU). Lesson: Universities face significant financial exposure alongside fraternities.

Physical and Ritualized Hazing: Brutal Traditions

Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013):
A blindfolded, weighted “glass ceiling” ritual at a remote retreat caused fatal head injuries with delayed medical care. The national fraternity was criminally convicted, banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years, and members received jail sentences. Lesson: Off-campus retreats don’t eliminate liability—they often increase it through isolation.

Athletic Program Hazing: Beyond Greek Life

Northwestern University Football (2023–2025):
Former players alleged sexualized, racist hazing within the football program over years. Multiple lawsuits led to head coach Pat Fitzgerald’s firing and confidential settlements. Lesson: Hazing permeates athletic programs with similar power dynamics and institutional protection.

What These Cases Mean for Lufkin Families

These national precedents create legal pathways for Texas families. When hazing at Texas A&M, SFA, or other campuses follows similar patterns—forced drinking, delayed medical care, institutional cover-ups—the legal arguments and settlement ranges are established. These cases also demonstrate that juries award significant damages when institutions ignore known dangers.

Texas University Focus: Where Lufkin Families Send Their Children

Stephen F. Austin State University: Lufkin’s Backyard Campus

Campus & Culture Snapshot:
Just 30 minutes from downtown Lufkin, SFA hosts active Greek life with Interfraternity Council, Panhellenic Council, and National Pan-Hellenic Council chapters. As the closest university to many Lufkin families, SFA represents both convenience and concern when hazing issues arise.

Hazing Policy & Reporting:
SFA prohibits hazing as defined by Texas law and requires all student organizations to comply. Reporting channels include the Dean of Students Office, University Police Department, and online reporting forms. Like all public Texas universities, SFA must comply with Chapter 37 reporting requirements.

Documented Incidents & Response:
While specific recent public reports are limited, SFA has faced hazing allegations in past years, particularly around physical endurance tests and alcohol-related incidents. The university’s disciplinary process typically involves investigation by Student Affairs, potential interim suspension of organizations, and sanctions ranging from probation to permanent removal.

How a SFA Hazing Case Might Proceed:

• Jurisdiction: Nacogdoches County courts and potentially federal court in the Eastern District of Texas
• Investigating Agencies: SFA University Police, Nacogdoches Police Department
• Potential Defendants: Individual students, local chapters, national organizations, possibly SFA if negligence is shown
• Local Legal Considerations: Lufkin families have the advantage of proximity for meetings, evidence gathering, and court appearances

What SFA Students & Lufkin Parents Should Do:

1. Document everything immediately—SFA’s rural location doesn’t eliminate digital evidence
2. Report through both campus channels (Dean of Students) and local law enforcement if crimes occurred
3. Preserve medical records from Nacogdoches Memorial Hospital or local providers
4. Contact experienced counsel who understands both campus processes and East Texas legal venues
5. Remember: Geographic closeness to home doesn’t guarantee institutional support—SFA faces the same pressures as larger schools to protect its reputation

Texas A&M University: The Aggie Tradition

Campus & Culture Snapshot:
Many Lufkin students pursue the Aggie tradition at College Station, entering both Greek life and the famous Corps of Cadets. Texas A&M’s culture of tradition and loyalty can unfortunately enable hazing under the guise of “building character.”

Hazing Policy & Reporting:
A&M maintains strict anti-hazing policies through Student Conduct Services and the Corps of Cadets Commandant’s Office. The university publishes aggregate hazing data but less detailed reports than UT Austin.

Documented Incidents & Response:

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon Lawsuit (2021): Pledges alleged being covered in industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, and spit, causing severe chemical burns requiring skin graft surgeries. The chapter was suspended and faced a $1 million lawsuit.
• Corps of Cadets Lawsuit (2023): A cadet alleged degrading hazing including simulated sexual acts and being bound in “roasted pig” position with an apple in his mouth, seeking over $1 million in damages.
• Multiple Greek Life Suspensions: Various fraternities have faced probation or suspension for hazing violations involving alcohol, physical punishment, and humiliation.

How an A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed:
Brazos County courts handle most cases, with potential federal claims in the Southern District. The Corps’ military-style structure adds complexity regarding chain of command liability. A&M’s status as a public university triggers sovereign immunity arguments but doesn’t eliminate liability for gross negligence.

What A&M Students & Lufkin Parents Should Do:

1. Understand both Greek life AND Corps reporting channels—they operate separately
2. Document Corps-specific traditions that cross into hazing
3. Seek medical care at St. Joseph Health or College Station medical centers with clear hazing documentation
4. Act quickly—A&M’s vast campus community can make evidence disappear rapidly
5. Consider that Aggie loyalty may pressure witnesses to remain silent—legal protection can overcome this

University of Texas at Austin: Transparency and Tradition

Campus & Culture Snapshot:
UT Austin’s massive Greek community and powerful tradition organizations create both opportunity and risk. The university’s relative transparency provides families more information than some schools.

Hazing Policy & Reporting:
UT maintains one of Texas’ most transparent hazing reporting systems at hazing.utexas.edu, listing organizations, violations, and sanctions. Reports go through the Office of the Dean of Students, Student Conduct and Academic Integrity, or UT Police.

Documented Incidents & Response:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (2023): New members directed to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics, resulting in probation and mandatory hazing prevention education
• Texas Wranglers & Other Spirit Groups: Multiple sanctions for forced workouts, alcohol-related hazing, and punishment-based practices
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (2024): Australian exchange student alleged assault causing dislocated leg, broken ligaments, fractured tibia, and broken nose, with lawsuit seeking over $1 million

How a UT Hazing Case Might Proceed:
Travis County courts handle most litigation, with Austin police often involved in off-campus incidents. UT’s public records can be valuable evidence showing pattern of violations. The university’s detailed public logs help establish prior knowledge in negligence claims.

What UT Students & Lufkin Parents Should Do:

1. Check UT’s public hazing log for prior incidents involving the same organization
2. Utilize Austin’s sophisticated medical facilities (Dell Seton, St. David’s) with clear documentation
3. Report to both UTPD and Austin PD if crimes occurred off-campus
4. Use UT’s transparency as leverage—they’ve committed to public accountability
5. Document the significant financial investment in UT education when calculating damages

Southern Methodist University: Private Campus Challenges

Campus & Culture Snapshot:
SMU’s affluent student body and strong Greek presence create a particular culture where social status pressures can enable hazing. As a private university, SMU faces different legal standards than public institutions.

Hazing Policy & Reporting:
SMU prohibits hazing through its Student Code of Conduct and provides anonymous reporting via Real Response. The university’s Greek Life office oversees investigations with less public transparency than UT.

Documented Incidents & Response:

• Kappa Alpha Order (2017): New members reportedly paddled, forced to drink, and deprived of sleep, leading to multi-year suspension
• Multiple Greek Investigations: Periodic suspensions for alcohol hazing, physical punishment, and humiliation rituals, often resolved with confidential outcomes

How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed:
Dallas County courts handle litigation, with SMU’s private status eliminating sovereign immunity defenses. However, confidentiality in disciplinary proceedings can make evidence gathering challenging without legal intervention.

What SMU Students & Lufkin Parents Should Do:

1. Utilize SMU’s anonymous reporting but understand its limitations
2. Document the financial investment in private education when assessing damages
3. Recognize that social pressure at affluent campuses can be particularly intense—legal support provides necessary backbone
4. Seek medical documentation at Dallas’s advanced medical facilities
5. Consider that SMU’s reputation protection may be aggressive—early legal counsel is essential

Baylor University: Faith, Football, and Accountability

Campus & Culture Snapshot:
Baylor’s Christian identity and football culture create unique dynamics where hazing can hide behind “team building” or “character development.” The university’s recent history with institutional accountability issues informs current approaches.

Hazing Policy & Reporting:
Baylor prohibits hazing through its Student Policies and Procedures, with reporting to the Student Conduct Administration. The university has strengthened policies following past scandals but maintains less public transparency.

Documented Incidents & Response:

• Baseball Team Hazing (2020): 14 players suspended following hazing investigation, with staggered suspensions during the season
• Greek Life Incidents: Periodic disciplinary actions for alcohol hazing and physical punishment, often resolved internally with limited public disclosure

How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed:
McLennan County courts handle litigation, with Baylor’s private religious status adding First Amendment considerations. The university’s commitment to reform following past scandals may affect settlement approaches.

What Baylor Students & Lufkin Parents Should Do:

1. Document any dissonance between Christian values and hazing behaviors
2. Utilize Waco medical facilities with clear documentation of hazing-related injuries
3. Understand that Baylor’s desire to protect its renewed reputation may affect response
4. Consider both campus conduct processes and legal action—they’re not mutually exclusive
5. Recognize that football and athletic program hazing may involve different reporting channels

Fraternity and Sorority Histories: National Patterns Matter for Texas Cases

Why National Histories Create Liability

When a Texas chapter repeats hazing methods that have caused deaths or injuries at other campuses, that pattern shows foreseeability—the national organization knew or should have known the risks. This transforms what might be considered “local chapter misconduct” into organizational negligence with potentially punitive damages.

Major National Organizations at Texas Campuses

Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) – Present at UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor:

• National Pattern: Multiple alcohol hazing deaths including Stone Foltz (BGSU, $10M settlement) and David Bogenberger (NIU, $14M settlement)
• Texas Implications: Nationals had clear notice about “Big/Little” drinking dangers yet similar patterns continue at Texas chapters
• Legal Strategy: Prior incidents establish foreseeability and support negligence claims against nationals

Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) – Present at UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor:

• National Pattern: Multiple hazing deaths nationwide; eliminated traditional pledge process in 2014 due to pattern
• Texas Incidents: Chemical burns lawsuit at Texas A&M ($1M sought); assault lawsuit at UT
• Legal Strategy: National’s own 2014 policy change admits recognition of danger, strengthening plaintiff arguments

Pi Kappa Phi – Present at UH, Texas A&M, UT:

• National Pattern: Andrew Coffey alcohol hazing death at Florida State
• Active Texas Case: Our representation of Leonel Bermudez against UH chapter for rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure
• Legal Strategy: Similar forced consumption and physical punishment patterns despite national knowledge

Phi Delta Theta – Present at UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor:

• National Pattern: Max Gruver alcohol hazing death at LSU
• Legal Strategy: Louisiana’s felony Max Gruver Act shows recognized extreme danger

Kappa Alpha Order – Present at Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor:

• National Pattern: Multiple paddling and physical hazing incidents
• Texas Incident: SMU chapter suspension for paddling, forced drinking, sleep deprivation
• Legal Strategy: Physical punishment traditions despite national policies against hazing

How National Patterns Strengthen Texas Cases

1. Foreseeability Evidence: Prior incidents at other chapters show nationals knew the risks
2. Negligent Supervision Claims: Nationals failed to adequately monitor or intervene despite knowledge
3. Punitive Damage Arguments: Repeated patterns despite tragedies show conscious disregard
4. Insurance Coverage Fights: Pattern evidence counters “unforeseen accident” defenses
5. Settlement Leverage: Nationals facing multiple claims may settle to avoid discovery revealing systemic issues

For Lufkin families, this means evidence from Oregon, Ohio, or Louisiana hazing cases can directly support claims against the same organizations operating at Texas campuses.

Building a Hazing Case: Evidence, Damages, and Strategy

Critical Evidence Categories

Digital Communications (Most Important):

• GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage threads showing planning, coordination, and aftermath
• Deleted messages recovered through digital forensics
• Social media posts, stories, and comments documenting events
• Location data and timestamps placing individuals at scenes
• In the UH case, group chats revealed the “pledge fanny pack” rules and punishment threats

Photos & Videos:

• Images of injuries immediately after and over subsequent days
• Event photos/videos showing forced drinking, physical punishment, or humiliation
• Security camera footage from houses, surrounding businesses, or doorbell cameras
• Social media content showing “fun” that was actually coercive

Internal Organization Documents:

• Pledge manuals, “tradition” documents, or initiation scripts
• Chapter meeting minutes discussing activities
• National policies and training materials showing what should have been prevented
• Communications between local chapters and nationals

University Records:

• Prior conduct files obtained through public records requests or discovery
• Campus police incident reports
• Clery Act reports showing pattern of incidents
• Internal emails among administrators about the organization
• UT Austin’s public hazing log provides starting point for pattern evidence

Medical & Psychological Records:

• Emergency room documentation specifying hazing as cause
• Hospitalization records for injuries like rhabdomyolysis, broken bones, or alcohol poisoning
• Psychological evaluations diagnosing PTSD, depression, or anxiety
• Toxicology reports showing blood alcohol levels
• Long-term treatment plans for permanent injuries

Witness Testimony:

• Other pledges who experienced the same treatment
• Former members who left due to hazing
• Roommates, RAs, or friends who observed changes or injuries
• Medical providers who treated injuries
• Experts on group dynamics, coercion psychology, and institutional negligence

Damages in Hazing Cases

Economic Damages (Calculable Losses):

• Medical expenses (emergency care, hospitalization, surgery, therapy)
• Future medical needs (ongoing treatment, medications, long-term care)
• Lost income from missed work or delayed career entry
• Educational costs (missed semesters, lost scholarships, transfer expenses)
• For catastrophic injuries like traumatic brain damage: lifetime care costing millions

Non-Economic Damages (Subjective but Real Harm):

• Physical pain and suffering from injuries
• Emotional distress, trauma, humiliation
• Loss of enjoyment of life (can’t participate in activities they loved)
• Damage to relationships and social life
• For families in wrongful death cases: loss of companionship, guidance, and support

Punitive Damages (When Defendants Act Especially Badly):

• Available when conduct shows gross negligence, malice, or conscious disregard
• Requires evidence of prior warnings ignored, cover-ups attempted, or particularly cruel acts
• Texas has caps on punitive damages in many cases but exceptions exist for egregious conduct

Wrongful Death Damages (When Hazing Is Fatal):

• Funeral and burial expenses
• Lost financial support the deceased would have provided
• Loss of companionship, love, and guidance for family members
• Emotional suffering of parents and siblings
• Punitive damages when conduct warrants

Strategic Considerations for Texas Families

Timing is Critical:

• Texas generally has a 2-year statute of limitations for personal injury claims
• Evidence disappears quickly: deleted messages, graduated witnesses, destroyed documents
• Universities move swiftly to control narratives—early legal intervention preserves rights

Multiple Legal Tracks:

• Criminal prosecution (state brings charges)
• Civil lawsuit (family seeks compensation)
• University disciplinary process (campus sanctions)
• These can proceed simultaneously or sequentially

Insurance Coverage Complexities:

• Fraternity and university insurers often argue hazing is excluded as “intentional conduct”
• Multiple policies may apply: chapter insurance, national insurance, university insurance, individual homeowners policies
• Insurance insider knowledge is crucial—we know how insurers fight these claims

Privacy vs. Accountability Balance:

• Many families prefer confidential settlements to protect their child’s privacy
• Public litigation can force institutional change but sacrifices privacy
• We work with families to determine their priorities and craft strategy accordingly

The Power of Investigation:

• Early investigation preserves disappearing evidence
• Digital forensics recovers deleted communications
• Public records requests uncover prior incidents
• Witness interviews conducted before memories fade or pressure silences people

Practical Guides for Lufkin Families

For Parents: Warning Signs and Action Steps

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed:

• Unexplained injuries, bruises, or burns with inconsistent explanations
• Extreme fatigue beyond normal college stress
• Sudden personality changes: anxiety, depression, withdrawal
• Secretive behavior about organization activities
• Constant phone monitoring for group chat messages
• Financial strain from unexpected “fines” or required purchases
• Academic decline from missed classes or inability to concentrate

How to Talk to Your Child:

1. Choose a private, calm setting without distractions
2. Use open-ended questions: “How are things with your fraternity/sorority/team?”
3. Express concern without accusation: “I’ve noticed you seem exhausted lately”
4. Emphasize safety over loyalty: “Your health matters more than any organization”
5. Offer unconditional support: “No matter what happened, we’re here for you”

If Your Child Is Injured:

1. Medical care first: Even if they resist, get professional evaluation
2. Document everything: Photos of injuries, screenshots of messages, notes of what they say
3. Preserve evidence: Don’t wash clothing, don’t delete messages, save physical items
4. Contact an attorney within 48 hours: Evidence disappears quickly
5. Avoid confrontation: Don’t contact the organization directly—let your lawyer handle communication

Dealing with the University:

• Document all communications (emails, calls, meetings)
• Ask specific questions: “What prior incidents involve this organization?” “What is your investigation timeline?”
• Request written summaries of meetings
• Don’t sign anything without legal review
• Remember: The university’s interests (reputation protection) may conflict with your interests (accountability)

For Students: Recognizing and Escaping Hazing

Is This Hazing? Ask Yourself:

• Would I do this if I had a real choice without social consequences?
• Is this dangerous, degrading, or illegal?
• Would the university approve if they knew exactly what was happening?
• Are older members making new members do things they don’t do themselves?
• Am I being told to keep secrets from outsiders?
• Do I feel scared to say no?

If you answer “yes” to any, it’s likely hazing.

How to Exit Safely:

1. In immediate danger: Call 911, then get to a safe location
2. To resign membership: Send a clear email/text: “I resign my membership effective immediately.” Copy a trusted adult
3. Avoid “one last meeting”: They may pressure or retaliate
4. Document threats: Save any retaliation messages
5. Seek support: University counseling, trusted professors, family

Good-Faith Reporting Protections:
Texas law and most university policies protect those who report hazing or call for medical help, even if they were involved. Don’t let fear of “getting in trouble” prevent saving a life.

Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

1. Deleting Evidence
What families think: “We don’t want this embarrassing stuff saved”
Why it’s wrong: Looks like cover-up; may be obstruction; makes case impossible
What to do instead: Preserve everything—embarrassing content shows coercion

2. Confronting the Organization Directly
What families think: “I’ll give them a piece of my mind”
Why it’s wrong: They lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses
What to do instead: Document quietly, then call an attorney

3. Signing University “Resolution” Forms
What universities do: Pressure quick settlements with waiver of rights
Why it’s wrong: You may accept pennies on the dollar of true value
What to do instead: “I need my attorney to review this before I sign”

4. Posting on Social Media
What families think: “People should know what happened”
Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys screenshot everything; inconsistencies hurt credibility
What to do instead: Document privately; let your attorney control messaging

5. Waiting for University Investigation
What universities promise: “We’re handling this internally”
Why it’s wrong: Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate, statute runs
What to do instead: Preserve evidence now; university process ≠ real accountability

6. Talking to Insurance Adjusters
What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process”
Why it’s wrong: Recorded statements are used against you; settlements are lowball
What to do instead: “My attorney will contact you”

7. Letting Your Child “Clean Up”
What students want: “I just want this to go away”
Why it’s wrong: Destroys critical evidence; enables cover-up culture
What to do instead: Explain that accountability helps prevent future victims

Frequently Asked Questions for Lufkin Families

“Can we sue a Texas university for hazing?”
Yes, under specific circumstances. Public universities (UH, Texas A&M, UT, SFA) have sovereign immunity protections but exceptions exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, and when suing individuals personally. Private universities (SMU, Baylor) have fewer immunity barriers. Each case requires specific analysis—contact us at 1-888-ATTY-911 for case evaluation.

“Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
It can be. Basic hazing is a Class B misdemeanor, but becomes a state jail felony if it causes serious bodily injury or death. The UH Pi Kappa Phi case involving rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure could support felony charges given the severity of injury.

“What if my child ‘agreed’ to the activities?”
Texas Education Code §37.155 explicitly states: Consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts recognize that “agreement” under peer pressure, power imbalance, and fear of exclusion isn’t true voluntary consent. This is why fraternities’ “but they wanted to do it” defense typically fails.

“How long do we have to file a lawsuit?”
Generally 2 years from the date of injury or death in Texas, but the “discovery rule” may extend this if the harm or its cause wasn’t immediately known. In cases involving cover-ups, the statute may be tolled (paused). Time is critical—call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately to preserve your rights.

“What if the hazing happened off-campus?”
Location doesn’t eliminate liability. Universities and nationals can still be liable based on sponsorship, control, knowledge, and foreseeability. Many major cases (Pi Delta Psi retreat, Sigma Pi unofficial house) occurred off-campus with multi-million-dollar outcomes.

“Will my child’s name be public?”
Most hazing cases settle confidentially before trial. We can request sealed court records and confidential settlement terms. We prioritize your family’s privacy while pursuing accountability. The choice between private settlement and public litigation is yours to make with our guidance.

“How much does a hazing case cost?”
We work on contingency fee—we don’t get paid unless we win your case. You pay no upfront fees. We cover investigation costs, expert fees, and litigation expenses, recovering them from the settlement or verdict. This makes experienced representation accessible regardless of financial situation.

“What’s the first step?”
Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for a free, confidential consultation. We’ll listen to your story, explain your options, and help you decide on the best path forward. There’s no obligation to hire us, and everything you share is protected by attorney-client privilege.

Why Attorney911 for Texas Hazing Cases

Our Unique Qualifications for Hazing Litigation

When your Lufkin family faces a hazing crisis, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how universities, national fraternities, and insurance companies fight these cases—and how to win anyway.

Insurance Insider Advantage (Lupe Peña):
Mr. Peña spent years as an insurance defense attorney at a national firm, representing the very companies that insure fraternities and universities today. He knows exactly how they:

• Value and undervalue hazing claims
• Use delay tactics to pressure families
• Argue coverage exclusions for “intentional acts”
• Set reserves and negotiate settlements
  As Mr. Peña says: “We know their playbook because we used to run it.”

Complex Institutional Litigation Experience (Ralph Manginello):

• BP Texas City Explosion Litigation: One of few Texas firms involved, facing billion-dollar defendants with unlimited legal budgets
• Federal Court Admitted: United States District Court, Southern District of Texas
• HCCLA Membership: Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association credential signals elite criminal defense capability crucial when hazing involves criminal charges
• 25+ Years Practice: Handling catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases with multi-million-dollar results

Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death Experience:
We’ve recovered millions for families in complex wrongful death cases, working with economists to value young lives and lifetime care needs. We don’t settle cheap—we build cases that force accountability.

Dual Civil/Criminal Hazing Expertise:
Ralph’s HCCLA membership means we understand both sides of hazing cases. We can:

• Advise on criminal exposure for involved students
• Navigate interactions between criminal prosecution and civil litigation
• Represent witnesses needing protection from retaliation
• Handle cases where criminal charges are pending or possible

Investigative Depth and Expert Network:

• Digital Forensics: Recovering deleted messages, social media evidence, and electronic records
• Medical Experts: Specialists in rhabdomyolysis, traumatic brain injury, PTSD, and toxicology
• Greek Life Experts: Understanding organizational dynamics and national policies
• Economists and Life Care Planners: Valuing long-term impacts and future needs
• Institutional Experts: Analyzing university policies and enforcement failures

East Texas Understanding and Accessibility:
While based in Houston with offices in Austin and Beaumont, we serve Lufkin and East Texas families with:

• Understanding of local values and concerns
• Knowledge of SFA and regional campus dynamics
• Accessibility for meetings and coordination
• Spanish-language services through Mr. Peña’s fluency

Our Approach: Empathy, Investigation, Accountability

We Start by Listening:
We know this is one of the hardest things a family can face. Our first job is to listen without judgment, understand what happened, and explain your options clearly.

We Investigate Thoroughly:
Hazing cases are won through evidence. We investigate aggressively:

• Immediate evidence preservation before deletion
• Digital forensics for recovered communications
• Public records requests for prior incidents
• Witness interviews before memories fade
• Expert analysis of medical and psychological harm

We Fight for Full Accountability:
We don’t just seek compensation—we pursue accountability that prevents future harm. This means:

• Identifying all responsible parties: individuals, chapters, nationals, universities
• Uncovering cover-ups and institutional failures
• Seeking reforms through settlement conditions when appropriate
• Being trial-ready so institutions know we’re serious

We Protect Your Family’s Well-Being:

• Managing communication so you don’t face institutional pressure alone
• Shielding your child from retaliation and harassment
• Pursuing confidentiality when that serves your family’s needs
• Connecting you with counseling and support resources
• Keeping you informed at every step (we commit to regular updates)

Call to Action for Lufkin Families

Your Next Step: Confidential Consultation

If hazing has impacted your family at SFA, Texas A&M, UT, or any Texas campus, you don’t have to face this alone. The institutions involved have legal teams and insurance adjusters working to minimize their exposure. You need equivalent expertise on your side.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a free, confidential, no-obligation consultation. We’ll:

• Listen to your story without judgment
• Review any evidence you’ve preserved
• Explain your legal options clearly
• Answer your questions about process, timeline, and costs
• Help you decide on the best path forward for your family
• There’s no pressure to hire us—take time to decide after understanding your options

What to Expect in Your Consultation

We Listen First:
We won’t rush you or interrupt. We need to understand what happened from your perspective.

We Explain Your Options:

• Potential claims and defendants
• Criminal reporting considerations
• University disciplinary processes
• Realistic timelines and outcomes
• Costs (contingency fee—no recovery, no fee)

We Answer Your Questions:
Nothing is off-limits. Common questions include:

• “How long will this take?”
• “Will my child have to testify?”
• “Can we afford this?”
• “What’s the best outcome we can expect?”
• “How do we protect my child’s privacy?”

We Provide Next Steps:
If you choose to work with us, we’ll immediately begin:

• Evidence preservation protocols
• Investigation planning
• Communication strategies with universities/insurers
• Medical record collection
• Expert consultations as needed

Contact Us Today

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Legal Emergency Lawyers™
Serving Lufkin and East Texas Families

Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070
24/7 Availability: (713) 443-4781

Email:
Ralph Manginello: ralph@atty911.com
Lupe Peña: lupe@atty911.com

Website: https://attorney911.com

Spanish Language Services:
Hablamos Español—contact Mr. Lupe Peña directly for consultation in Spanish

Office Locations:
Houston • Austin • Beaumont
Serving all of Texas including Lufkin and East Texas

You’re Not Alone

Lufkin families have faced hazing crises at campuses across Texas. From SFA to Texas A&M, from UT Austin to private universities, we’ve helped families navigate these painful situations. We understand the particular values and concerns of East Texas communities, and we bring that understanding to every case.

Whether you’re certain about legal action or just need information to make decisions, we’re here to help. The call is free, the consultation is confidential, and the advice is straightforward.

Call 1-888-ATTY-911 today. Let’s discuss how we can help your family find answers, accountability, and a path forward.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com

Plain Text Links to Key Resources

News Coverage of Leonel Bermudez / UH Pi Kappa Phi Case:

1. Click2Houston investigation: https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2025/11/21/only-on-2-lawsuit-alleges-severe-hazing-at-university-of-houstons-pi-kappa-phi-chapter-fraternity/
2. ABC13 coverage: https://abc13.com/post/waterboarding-forced-eating-physical-punishment-lawsuit-alleges-abuse-faced-injured-pledge-uhs-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity/18186418/
3. Hoodline summary: https://hoodline.com/2025/11/university-of-houston-and-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity-face-10m-lawsuit-over-alleged-hazing-and-abuse/

Attorney911 Educational Videos:
4. Using your phone to document evidence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs
5. Texas statutes of limitations: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c
6. Client mistakes that can ruin your case: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY
7. How contingency fees work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc

Attorney911 Main Website:
8. Contact and information: https://attorney911.com

Texas University Hazing Resources:
9. UT Austin Public Hazing Log: https://hazing.utexas.edu
10. Texas A&M Student Conduct: https://studentconduct.tamu.edu
11. SFA Dean of Students: https://www.sfasu.edu/deanofstudents
12. SMU Conduct Process: https://www.smu.edu/studentaffairs/studentconduct
13. Baylor Student Policies: https://www.baylor.edu/student_policies/