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Hazing. The word itself conjures images of antiquated rituals or scenes from old movies. Yet, for families in New Jersey, the chilling reality of modern hazing is far more insidious and dangerous than any stereotype might suggest. Imagine your child, after weeks of relentless pressure and degrading tasks, finally reaches the “initiation night.” The air is thick with anticipation and fear. They’re forced to drink far beyond their limits, enduring physical abuse and psychological torment. Other students, their “brothers” or “sisters,” chant and film on their phones, their faces a blur of excitement and complicity. Someone gets hurt—a fall, a collapse, choking on their own vomit—but no one calls for help. The fear of “getting the chapter shut down” or “getting in trouble” grips them all, trapping your child between loyalty to the group and their own desperate need for safety. This isn’t a scene from a movie; it’s a modern tragedy that could unfold at any Texas university, affecting students from New Jersey and beyond.

This comprehensive guide to hazing and the law in Texas is specifically written for families in New Jersey and across the Lone Star State who are seeking to understand the harsh realities of hazing. We will delve into what hazing truly looks like in 2025, moving beyond outdated notions. You will learn about the precise legal frameworks—both Texas and federal—that govern hazing incidents. We’ll examine major national cases, drawing crucial lessons that directly apply to New Jersey families whose children attend or plan to attend a Texas institution of higher learning. Crucially, this guide will shed light on hazing patterns and incidents at some of Texas’s most prominent universities—the University of Houston (UH), Texas A&M University (A&M), the University of Texas at Austin (UT), Southern Methodist University (SMU), and Baylor University—and how they connect to broader national organizational histories. Our aim is to provide clarity on the legal options available to victims and families in New Jersey and throughout Texas.

This article offers general information to educate and empower you. It is not specific legal advice. If your child has been affected by hazing, The Manginello Law Firm is here to offer a confidential evaluation of your unique situation. We serve families across Texas, including New Jersey, ensuring that our local knowledge within the state translates into effective advocacy for your family, no matter where you reside.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
    • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
    • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity/sorority
    • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
    • Post details on public social media
    • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
  • Universities move quickly to control the narrative
  • We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like

For families in New Jersey unfamiliar with the nuances of modern campus life, hazing can seem like a relic of the past, confined to exaggerated scenes from movies. However, the reality in 2025 is far more complex and often more dangerous. Hazing has evolved, becoming more subtle, more psychologically damaging, and often intertwined with digital technology. It’s no longer just about overt physical abuse, though that persists; it’s about control, coercion, and the manipulation of a young person’s desire to belong.

Clear, Modern Definition of Hazing

At its core, hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action directed at a student for the purpose of joining, maintaining membership, or gaining status within a group. This includes any activity that endangers their mental or physical health, humiliates them, or exploits them, regardless of whether they “agreed” to participate. The legal and ethical understanding is clear: true consent cannot be given when there’s a significant power imbalance, peer pressure, or an underlying threat of exclusion or punishment.

Main Categories of Hazing

Hazing manifests in various forms, often escalating in severity. Understanding these categories is crucial for parents and students in New Jersey to identify potentially harmful situations.

• Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This is arguably the most common and deadliest form of hazing. It involves:

  • Forced or coerced drinking: Requiring pledges to consume large quantities of alcohol in a short period.
  • Chugging challenges, “lineups,” or games: Activities designed to induce rapid, excessive alcohol consumption.
  • Pressure to consume unknown or mixed substances: Pledges might be dared or forced to ingest unfamiliar drinks or drugs concocted by older members.
  • Forced use of illicit drugs: Though less common, instances of forced marijuana or other drug use during hazing rituals have been documented.

• Physical Hazing: This category involves imposing physical discomfort, pain, or exhaustion on initiates.

  • Paddling and beatings: Direct physical violence, including being hit with paddles or hands.
  • Extreme calisthenics, “workouts,” or “smokings”: Forced exercises beyond safe limits, often used as punishment or to induce exhaustion.
  • Sleep and food/water deprivation: Denying new members adequate rest, meals, or hydration, leading to severe fatigue and health risks.
  • Exposure to extreme environments: Forcing pledges outdoors in harsh weather conditions or confining them to uncomfortable, unsanitary spaces.

• Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: These acts are deeply degrading and can cause profound psychological trauma.

  • Forced nudity or partial nudity: Requiring new members to strip or appear in revealing clothing.
  • Simulated sexual acts: Performing or enduring sexually suggestive poses, actions, or sounds, often in public.
  • Degrading costumes or behaviors: Forcing initiates to wear embarrassing outfits or act in a demeaning manner.
  • Acts with racial, sexist, or homophobic overtones: Exploiting identity to create hostility and humiliation.

• Psychological Hazing: This type targets a student’s mental and emotional well-being, often leaving invisible scars.

  • Verbal abuse and threats: Yelling, insults, demeaning language, and threats of physical harm or social ostracization.
  • Isolation and manipulation: Cutting off communication with outside friends or family, or manipulating initiates through psychological games.
  • Public shaming: Forcing individuals to perform embarrassing acts in public, either in person or online.
  • Forced confessions: Pressuring initiates to reveal personal and intimate details.

• Digital/Online Hazing: A rapidly growing and insidious form, leveraging technology to exert control and humiliation.

  • Group chat dares and demands: Initiates are constantly monitored and required to respond to requests or perform tasks via messaging apps at all hours.
  • Public humiliation via social media: Forcing individuals to post embarrassing content on platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, or Discord.
  • Pressure to create or share compromising images/videos: Coercing new members to produce or transmit inappropriate content.
  • Location tracking: Demanding pledges share their real-time location, eroding privacy and fostering constant surveillance.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

It’s a common misconception that hazing is exclusively a “fraternity problem.” While Greek life historically has been a significant arena for hazing, the practice permeates many types of student organizations. New Jersey families should be aware that hazing can occur in:

• Fraternities and Sororities: This includes Interfraternity Council (IFC), Panhellenic, National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), and multicultural Greek organizations active at universities like UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, and Baylor.
• Corps of Cadets/ROTC: Military-style groups, often with deeply ingrained traditions that can sometimes cross the line into hazing. Texas A&M’s Corps of Cadets, for example, has faced scrutiny over such incidents.
• Spirit Squads and Tradition Clubs: Groups like cheerleading teams, dance teams, and spirit organizations that uphold campus traditions can also engage in hazing.
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to less prominent sports, hazing can be used as a “bonding” method within teams, sometimes with severe consequences.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly benign organizations can have initiation rites that involve hazing.
• Some Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: While typically less common, the desire to “test” new members can manifest as hazing in almost any hierarchical group.

The underlying factors often include deeply ingrained social status, unspoken traditions, and an intense culture of secrecy. These elements allow hazing to persist, even when participants know it is illegal and harmful. The power dynamics often lead new members to endure abusive practices quietly, fearing ostracization or retaliation if they speak up.

Law & Liability Framework (Texas + Federal)

Understanding the legal landscape surrounding hazing in Texas is vital for any New Jersey family whose child attends or plans to attend a university in the state. Texas law, coupled with federal regulations, provides avenues for accountability and justice, both criminally and civilly.

Texas Hazing Law Basics (Education Code)

Under Texas law—which governs cases in New Jersey via a student attending a Texas university—hazing is broadly defined in the Texas Education Code, Chapter 37, Subchapter F. This code specifies that hazing is any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, committed on or off campus, by one person or with others, directed against a student. The act must:

• Endanger the mental or physical health or safety of a student; AND
• Occur for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any student organization.

This definition is crucial because it highlights several key aspects for New Jersey families:

• Location is irrelevant: Whether the hazing occurs on university grounds, at an off-campus house, or during a remote retreat, it is covered by Texas law.
• Harm is dual: Hazing can impact either a student’s physical health (e.g., beatings, forced exercise, forced consumption of alcohol/drugs) or their mental health (e.g., extreme humiliation, intimidation, prolonged sleep deprivation).
• Intent isn’t always required: The act doesn’t have to be maliciously intended; “reckless” behavior (where the individual knew of the risk but disregarded it) is enough to constitute hazing.
• “Consent” is invalid: A critical provision, Texas Education Code § 37.155, explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. This means a student cannot legally “agree” to be hazed, especially when under duress or power imbalance.

The legal repercussions under Texas law can be significant:

• Criminal Penalties: Hazing can result in fines and jail time. It is a Class B misdemeanor by default. However, it escalates to a Class A misdemeanor if it causes bodily injury and a state jail felony if it causes serious bodily injury or death. Furthermore, individuals or organizations who fail to report hazing, or retaliate against someone who does, can also face misdemeanor charges.
• Organizational Liability: Beyond individuals, student organizations themselves can be criminally prosecuted and fined up to $10,000 for hazing if they authorized or encouraged the act, or if an officer (acting in their official capacity) knew about it and failed to report it. Universities also have the authority to revoke recognition and ban organizations.
• Immunity for Good-Faith Reporting: To encourage reporting, Texas law provides immunity from civil or criminal liability for individuals who report a hazing incident in good faith. This protection aims to reduce fear of personal repercussions for those who come forward.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases

New Jersey families should understand the two distinct legal pathways available when hazing occurs:

• Criminal Cases: These are initiated by the state (prosecutors) and aim to punish hazing offenders. Applicable criminal charges can range from hazing misdemeanors and felonies (as outlined above) to other related offenses like furnishing alcohol to minors, assault, battery, and, in tragic fatal cases, even manslaughter or negligent homicide. A criminal conviction serves as a public declaration of wrongdoing and often involves jail time or significant fines.

• Civil Cases: These are brought by the victims themselves or their surviving family members. The primary goal in a civil lawsuit is to obtain monetary compensation for the harm suffered and to hold all responsible parties accountable. Civil claims often involve allegations of:

  • Negligence and Gross Negligence: That individuals or institutions failed in their duty of care.
  • Wrongful Death: When hazing leads to a fatality.
  • Negligent Hiring/Supervision: That a university or national organization failed to properly oversee its employees or chapters.
  • Premises Liability: If hazing occurred on property where the owner was negligent in preventing harm.
  • Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: For severe psychological harm.
    A civil case can proceed independently of a criminal case, meaning financial and institutional accountability can still be pursued even if criminal charges are not filed or convictions are not secured.

Federal Overlay: Stop Campus Hazing Act, Title IX, Clery

Beyond state law, federal regulations play an increasingly important role in addressing hazing, particularly for institutions receiving federal funding.

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This landmark federal legislation compels colleges and universities to be more transparent and proactive about hazing. By and large, phased in by 2026, it will require institutions to:

  • Publicly report hazing incidents, including details about the organizations involved and sanctions imposed.
  • Implement comprehensive hazing prevention programs and educational initiatives.
  • Maintain and disclose anonymous hazing data to foster greater accountability.

• Title IX: This federal law prohibits sex-based discrimination in education. When hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, gender-based humiliation, or creates a hostile environment against a student based on sex, Title IX obligations are triggered. This requires universities to investigate and address such complaints, regardless of where the hazing occurred.

• Clery Act: This federal law mandates that colleges and universities disclose information about crime on and around their campuses. Hazing incidents that involve assault, hate crimes, or alcohol/drug violations often fall under Clery reporting requirements, ensuring greater transparency in campus safety data.

Who Can Be Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit

Determining who is legally responsible in a hazing case is a complex but crucial step in pursuing justice. An experienced attorney can identify all potential parties.

• Individual Students: Those who directly participated in, planned, supplied alcohol for, or failed to intervene in a hazing incident can face personal liability. This includes new members who were pressured to participate and, in turn, hazed others.
• Local Chapter/Organization: The student organization itself (fraternity, sorority, club) can be held liable if it encouraged, authorized, or failed to prevent hazing activities carried out by its members.
• National Fraternity/Sorority: The national headquarters can be liable if it had knowledge of a pattern of hazing within its chapters, failed to adequately enforce its anti-hazing policies, or negligently supervised its local arms. These organizations often have substantial insurance policies.
• University or Governing Board: While public universities in Texas (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) benefit from some level of sovereign immunity, they can still be sued under specific circumstances. These exceptions often involve allegations of gross negligence, deliberate indifference to known patterns of hazing, or violations of federal laws like Title IX. Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections.
• Third Parties: Other entities can also be responsible, including:
  • Property Owners/Landlords: If hazing occurred on their property and they had knowledge of or facilitated the dangerous activities.
  • Alcohol Suppliers: Bars or individuals who unlawfully provided alcohol to minors or to an intoxicated person (under “dram shop” laws).
  • Campus Personnel: Individual employees of the university (e.g., advisors, coaches, administrators) can sometimes be sued for their roles in negligence or cover-ups.

Every case, of course, is fact-specific. It requires a thorough investigation to determine who bears legal responsibility for the harm caused.

National Hazing Case Patterns (Anchor Stories)

To understand the severe implications of hazing in New Jersey and across Texas, it’s vital to look at national precedents. These high-profile cases reveal critical patterns of abuse, accountability, and the devastating consequences that resonate across campuses, including schools where New Jersey families entrust their children.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death Pattern

The overwhelming majority of hazing-related fatalities involve extreme alcohol consumption. These cases often share tragic commonalities: forced drinking, delayed medical attention, and a pervasive culture of secrecy.

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State University, Beta Theta Pi (2017):
  This case highlighted the deadly combination of forced drinking and delayed medical care. During a “bid acceptance” event designed to induce rapid intoxication, 19-year-old Timothy Piazza consumed a dangerous amount of alcohol. Fraternity security cameras captured him falling repeatedly, sustaining severe head injuries. Yet, members waited nearly 12 hours before calling 911, reportedly fearing an investigation. Piazza later died. The aftermath included numerous criminal charges against fraternity members, extensive civil litigation, and the passage of the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law in Pennsylvania, making hazing a more severe offense. For New Jersey families, this case underscores that a social event’s fun facade can mask dangerous, life-threatening coercion.

• Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017):
  Andrew Coffey, a 20-year-old pledge, died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” event. Pledges were given handles of hard liquor and pressured to consume them rapidly. His death led to multiple criminal prosecutions of members and a temporary suspension of all Greek life at FSU. Coffey’s family filed a wrongful death suit, the terms of which remain confidential. This incident painfully demonstrated how traditional “bottle exchange” or “pledge gift” events can be dangerously misinterpreted as bonding instead of life-threatening hazing.

• Maxwell “Max” Gruver – Louisiana State University, Phi Delta Theta (2017):
  Max Gruver, 18, died after a “Bible study” drinking game where pledges were forced to consume severe quantities of alcohol for answering questions incorrectly. His blood-alcohol content was nearly 0.50% at the time of his death. The tragic incident led to criminal convictions of fraternity members and the enactment of the Max Gruver Act in Louisiana, a felony hazing statute. This case vividly illustrates that hazing often happens under euphemistic labels, disguising dangerous activities as harmless games.

• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021):
  During a “Big/Little” night, 20-year-old pledge Stone Foltz was allegedly forced to consume an entire bottle of whiskey. He died from alcohol poisoning. In a significant legal victory for the family, multiple fraternity members were convicted of hazing-related crimes, including involuntary manslaughter, and the family reached a substantial $10 million settlement in 2023. This included $7 million from Pi Kappa Alpha national and ~$3 million from BGSU. The tragedy also spurred the passage of Collin’s Law: The Anti-Hazing Act in Ohio, making hazing a second-degree misdemeanor and a third-degree felony if alcohol/drugs cause physical harm. Foltz’s death is a stark reminder that both individuals and institutions can be held financially liable for the consequences of hazing.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing Pattern

Beyond alcohol, hazing often involves extreme physical exertion, sleep deprivation, and dangerous rituals, sometimes moving to remote locations to avoid detection.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013):
  Michael Deng, 19, died after a brutal hazing ritual known as “the glass ceiling” during an off-campus retreat in the Pocono Mountains. Blindfolded and wearing a heavy backpack, he was repeatedly tackled. Fraternity members delayed calling 911 for hours, trying to cover up the incident. His death resulted in multiple criminal convictions, and, in a landmark decision, the national fraternity was criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter, and banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years. This case demonstrates that “retreats” away from campus oversight are often chosen precisely to facilitate dangerous hazing, and that national organizations are not immune from criminal culpability.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse

Hazing is not confined to Greek letter organizations. Abuse, often fueled by power dynamics and a culture of silence, can be rampant in athletic programs, affecting even the most prestigious institutions.

• Northwestern University Football (2023–2025):
  Former football players at Northwestern alleged widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the program over many years. The allegations included forced nudity, sexually explicit acts, and racial discrimination. This scandal led to the firing of long-time head coach Pat Fitzgerald, who later reached a confidential settlement in a wrongful-termination lawsuit. Multiple former players also filed civil lawsuits against the university and coaching staff. This case highlighted that hazing extends far beyond Greek life into major athletic programs, raising serious questions about institutional oversight and a pervasive “win-at-all-costs” culture.

What These Cases Mean for Texas Families

These national tragedies are not isolated incidents; they represent patterns of behavior that can—and do—occur at universities across the country, including those in Texas where New Jersey families send their children.

• Common Threads: The cases consistently reveal themes of forced substance consumption, physical abuse, psychological torment, deliberate delays in seeking medical care, and a concerted effort to cover up incidents.
• Accountability: They demonstrate that when hazing leads to injury or death, individuals, local chapters, national organizations, and even universities can face severe criminal charges and multi-million dollar civil liabilities. This level of accountability is not just a punishment but a powerful deterrent.
• Precedent for Texas Lawsuits: These landmark cases set legal precedents and inform litigation strategies in Texas. For instance, the arguments of foreseeability and negligent supervision that led to large settlements in the Foltz and Gruver cases can be directly applied to similar incidents originating in New Jersey and occurring at Texas universities like UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, or Baylor.
• Legislative Change: The public outcry and legal actions following these deaths have spurred legislative action in several states, leading to upgraded felony hazing laws. These laws aim to provide stronger protections for students and stricter penalties for perpetrators.

New Jersey families whose children attend Texas universities are not facing these challenges alone. The lessons learned from these national tragedies directly shape how Attorney911 approaches hazing cases in Texas, building strong legal arguments to protect victims and ensure accountability.

Texas Focus: UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor

For New Jersey families, understanding the hazing landscape at specific Texas universities is crucial. While hazing is a nationwide problem, the culture, policies, and histories of individual institutions in Texas can significantly impact how incidents are handled and what legal avenues are available. Our firm has deep experience navigating these complexities.

5.1 University of Houston (UH)

The University of Houston, a vibrant urban campus in the heart of Houston, offers a diverse academic and social environment. Many New Jersey families consider UH for its strong academic programs and dynamic city life. With its mix of commuter and residential students, UH fosters a robust Greek life and numerous student organizations, including cultural groups and sports clubs. These organizations provide valuable community, but can also unfortunately be settings for hazing.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UH serves a large and diverse student body, offering a lively campus experience within a major metropolitan area. Its active Greek life, encompassing multiple fraternities and sororities, plays a significant role in student social life. Students from New Jersey often choose UH for its expansive opportunities and distinct Texas flavor. The proximity to our Houston office means we have a direct understanding of campus dynamics here.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

UH maintains a clear, explicit anti-hazing policy that covers both on-campus and off-campus activities. The policy strictly prohibits any acts endangering mental or physical health for initiation or affiliation purposes, including forced alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, physical mistreatment, and mental distress. Students and parents at UH are encouraged to report hazing through the Dean of Students office, the Office of Student Conduct, or the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD). UH also posts a general hazing statement on its website, outlining its firm stance against such activities.

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

The University of Houston has not been immune to hazing incidents. A notable case involved Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) in 2016. Pledges were allegedly subjected to significant sleep and food deprivation during a multi-day event. One student reportedly suffered a lacerated spleen after a physical altercation or forced action. The chapter faced misdemeanor hazing charges and a university suspension. Later incidents, though not resulting in severe physical injury to the student, involved documented alcohol misuse, policy violations by fraternities, and behaviors “likely to produce mental or physical discomfort.” These led to further suspensions or probationary periods for student organizations. These incidents highlight UH’s willingness to take disciplinary action, but also the persistent challenge of hazing even with policies in place.

5.1.4 How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

For New Jersey families, understanding the jurisdiction is key. Hazing cases at UH might involve investigations by UHPD or, depending on the location of the incident, the Houston Police Department and Harris County authorities. Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in courts with jurisdiction over Harris County, Texas. Potential defendants could include the individual students involved, the local chapter, the national fraternity/sorority, and potentially the university itself or property owners where the hazing occurred. Our Houston-based attorneys are intimately familiar with the legal landscape and court systems in this area.

5.1.5 What UH Students & Parents Should Do

• Report promptly: Utilize UH’s reporting channels (Dean of Students, UHPD) without delay.
• Document everything: Take photos, screenshots of messages, and keep comprehensive notes. Legal advice can help prioritize this.
• Seek medical care: If any injury occurred, ensure it is medically documented; tell the healthcare provider it resulted from hazing.
• Consult a Houston-based hazing lawyer: An attorney experienced in Houston hazing cases can help navigate university investigations, potentially uncover prior complaints, and advise on civil litigation in Harris County courts.

5.2 Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University, located in College Station, is renowned for its rich traditions, strong academic programs, and the deeply ingrained culture of its Corps of Cadets. Many New Jersey families are drawn to A&M for its unique spirit and strong alumni network. However, even within such a tradition-bound environment, hazing remains a serious concern, spanning both Greek life and Corps activities.

5.2.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas A&M’s identity is heavily shaped by its long-standing traditions, particularly the Corps of Cadets, which fosters a distinctive military-style environment. The university also boasts a substantial and active Greek life, alongside numerous other student organizations. For New Jersey families considering Texas A&M, the unique camaraderie and deep-rooted traditions are often appealing, but it’s important to recognize the line between tradition and hazing can sometimes be blurred. Our experience with local dynamics in College Station and Brazos County offers critical insight for families facing these issues.

5.2.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Texas A&M has strict anti-hazing policies applicable to all student organizations, including Greek life and the Corps of Cadets. The university’s policies prohibit any activity that endangers mental or physical health for membership, regardless of location or consent. Reporting channels include the Department of Student Life, the Corps of Cadets leadership, and the Texas A&M University Police Department (TAMU PD). The university takes a public stance against hazing, emphasizing its commitment to student safety.

5.2.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Texas A&M has faced significant hazing controversies. In 2021, a lawsuit involving Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) alleged severe physical hazing. Pledges claimed they were covered in noxious substances including industrial-strength cleaner, eggs, and spit, resulting in severe chemical burns that required skin graft surgeries. The fraternity was suspended, and the pledges filed a lawsuit. The Corps of Cadets has also been a focal point. In a 2023 lawsuit, a cadet alleged egregious hazing, including simulated sexual acts and being bound between beds in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. The university stated it handled the matter internally according to its rules, but the lawsuit sought over $1 million. These cases demonstrate that hazing at A&M can involve extreme, degrading, and dangerous physical acts across different types of organizations.

5.2.4 How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

Legal proceedings for incidents at Texas A&M often involve TAMU PD and local Brazos County law enforcement. Civil lawsuits would fall under the jurisdiction of Brazos County courts. Given the university’s large endowment and the national presence of many organizations involved, cases can be highly complex, potentially drawing in individual perpetrators, local chapters, national organizations, and the university itself. Our firm is well-versed in navigating civil claims in this region of Texas.

5.2.5 What Texas A&M Students & Parents Should Do

• Understand Corps regulations: If your child is in the Corps, familiarize yourself with their specific anti-hazing and conduct policies.
• Document all traditions: Keep a record of any “traditions” that feel coercive or dangerous.
• Report to appropriate channels: Use Texas A&M’s anonymous reporting options, Corps leadership, or TAMU PD.
• Seek legal counsel: Given the intricate nature of A&M’s traditions and the potential for university defense, consulting a lawyer experienced with Texas A&M’s specific organizational structures is highly recommended.

5.3 University of Texas at Austin (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin, a flagship institution in the state, attracts students from across the country, including many New Jersey families drawn to its academic prestige and vibrant campus culture. UT has a sprawling Greek system and numerous influential student organizations, which, despite stringent anti-hazing measures, have unfortunately been sites of hazing.

5.3.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UT Austin is one of the largest universities in Texas, boasting a dynamic city campus and a highly engaged student body. Its extensive Greek life, alongside renowned spirit organizations and athletic programs, forms a cornerstone of its social landscape. Families from New Jersey often choose UT for its strong academics and lively Austin environment, but must also understand the active Greek and campus traditions that can sometimes foster hazing. Our firm has extensive experience with the legal system in Austin and Travis County.

5.3.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Texas at Austin has a consistently updated and robust anti-hazing policy. Critically, UT maintains a public Hazing Violations Log on its website, which transparently lists organizations, dates of incidents, the nature of the conduct, and the resulting sanctions. Reporting can be made through the Dean of Students, the Office of Student Conduct, or the University of Texas Police Department (UTPD). This transparency is a valuable resource for identifying problematic patterns within organizations.

5.3.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UT’s public log serves as a testament to ongoing hazing challenges. For instance, Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) was cited in 2023 for directing new members to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics, leading to probation and mandatory hazing-prevention education. Other student groups, including social organizations and spirit associations like the Texas Wranglers, have been sanctioned for forced workouts, alcohol-related hazing, degrading acts, and punishment-based practices tied to initiation. These repeated entries on the official log highlight a persistent problem across various campus groups. In 2024, a highly publicized lawsuit was filed against Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) after an Australian exchange student reportedly suffered severe injuries at a fraternity party, including a dislocated leg, broken ligaments, fractured tibia, and a broken nose. This chapter was already under previous suspension, further illustrating a pattern of misconduct.

5.3.4 How a UT Austin Hazing Case Might Proceed

Hazing investigations at UT Austin would involve UTPD and/or the Austin Police Department, with civil cases typically heard in Travis County courts. The public Hazing Violations Log is often a critical piece of evidence in civil suits, demonstrating a pattern of misconduct and the university’s knowledge of such issues. Legal claims might target individuals, local chapters, national organizations, and potentially the university itself, particularly regarding the enforcement of its published policies and responses to prior violations.

5.3.5 What UT Austin Students & Parents Should Do

• Review the Hazing Violations Log: Before joining an organization, check UT’s public log for any past hazing incidents.
• Document all communications: Keep records of any discussions with UT administration or UTPD representatives.
• Understand UTPD’s role: Be aware that UTPD can investigate criminal hazing directly.
• Seek Austin-based legal advice: Given the university’s detailed public records and the complexities of the Austin legal environment, legal counsel familiar with local practices is invaluable.

5.4 Southern Methodist University (SMU)

Southern Methodist University, a private institution in Dallas, is known for its beautiful campus, strong academic programs, and vibrant social scene, which includes active Greek life. Many New Jersey families consider SMU for its intimate setting and strong career placement, but like any university with a prominent Greek presence, it must contend with the challenges of hazing.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

SMU cultivates a distinctive campus culture, often associated with its affluent student body and robust Greek system. Fraternities and sororities frequently recruit a large percentage of undergraduates, making Greek life a central component of social engagement. For New Jersey families, SMU offers a blend of tradition, academic rigor, and a strong sense of community within the Dallas metropolitan area. Our firm’s deep roots in the Dallas-Fort Worth area provide valuable local insight into the campus and legal environment.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

SMU maintains a clear anti-hazing policy that emphasizes a strict “no tolerance” approach. The university defines hazing in line with Texas law, prohibiting any acts that endanger mental or physical health for membership purposes. SMU offers a variety of reporting channels, including the Office of Student Conduct, Residence Life, and the SMU Police Department. Anonymous reporting options, such as the Real Response system, are also available, encouraging students to come forward without fear of direct reprisal.

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

SMU has taken disciplinary action against student organizations for hazing. A notable incident in 2017 involved Kappa Alpha Order, which was suspended after allegations of systematic hazing. Reports indicated that new members were subjected to paddling, forced alcohol consumption, and significant sleep deprivation. The suspension led to restrictions on the chapter’s recruiting activities for an extended period. More recently, in early 2025, several SMU fraternities faced investigations by the university and their national organizations due to new allegations of hazing violations at off-campus houses. These recurring issues highlight the ongoing struggle against hazing, even at institutions committed to eradication.

5.1.4 How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

As a private university, SMU does not benefit from sovereign immunity, making it potentially more straightforward to pursue civil litigation against the institution itself compared to public universities. Hazing incidents would typically be investigated by SMU Police and, if criminal activity is suspected, by the Dallas Police Department or Dallas County authorities. Civil lawsuits would be filed in Dallas County courts. Due to SMU’s private nature and the relative lack of public reporting requirements compared to state institutions, civil discovery (the legal process of obtaining evidence) often plays a critical role in uncovering internal records and communications.

5.1.5 What SMU Students & Parents Should Do

• Utilize anonymous reporting: SMU’s anonymous reporting systems can be a safe first step for students.
• Document without fear: Understand that, as a private university, SMU may be more susceptible to legal action, which can compel greater transparency.
• Connect with faculty advisors: Seek trusted faculty or staff who can provide guidance within the SMU system.
• Consult an attorney with experience in private university cases: Legal counsel familiar with SMU’s specific policies and the process of discovery against private institutions is highly beneficial.

5.5 Baylor University

Baylor University, a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas, is known for its distinct Christian mission, strong academic programs, and fervent student spirit. New Jersey families are often drawn to Baylor for its unique faith-based community and commitment to service. Despite its values-driven environment, Baylor has faced scrutiny over student conduct and institutional oversight, particularly in areas like Title IX and, by extension, hazing.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Baylor University prides itself on fostering a caring and supportive Christian community. Its campus culture is rich with traditions, spirited athletic events, and a robust student life that includes Greek organizations and numerous student groups. Students from New Jersey often find Baylor’s close-knit and faith-oriented environment appealing. However, like any institution, Baylor must balance its values and traditions with strict adherence to anti-hazing policies and a commitment to student safety. Our Central Texas location gives us context regarding the Waco legal and community environment.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Baylor University has a clear “zero tolerance” hazing policy that explicitly forbids any act that causes mental or physical discomfort for initiation, affiliation, or membership. Its policy aligns with Texas state law and emphasizes the university’s commitment to a safe campus environment. Reporting channels include the Department of Student Conduct, the Baylor Police Department (BUPD), and an anonymous online reporting form. Baylor’s policies also highlight disciplinary actions that can impact an organization’s recognition and individual students’ enrollment.

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Baylor has had its share of challenges. While less publicly detailed than some state universities, incidents of hazing have led to disciplinary actions. In 2020, for example, the Baylor baseball team faced a significant hazing scandal, resulting in the suspension of 14 players. The suspensions were staggered across the early season, impacting team performance and underscoring the university’s response to athletic hazing. This incident was particularly noteworthy given Baylor’s broader historical scrutiny regarding oversight and student welfare, stemming from past issues related to Title IX and its football program. These events highlight that even a faith-based institution may struggle with upholding standards against ingrained abusive practices.

5.1.4 How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

As a private university, Baylor does not have the protection of sovereign immunity, meaning civil lawsuits can be filed against the institution directly. Investigations into hazing incidents would typically involve BUPD and, if criminal conduct is alleged, the Waco Police Department or McLennan County authorities. Civil actions would proceed in McLennan County courts. Given Baylor’s prior experiences with high-profile litigation related to institutional oversight, hazing claims against the university are likely to involve robust legal defense, making the expertise of an experienced lawyer crucial for New Jersey families contemplating such action.

5.1.5 What Baylor Students & Parents Should Do

• Be vigilant about “traditions”: Understand the difference between genuine Baylor traditions and practices that could escalate to hazing.
• Document and report internally: Utilize Baylor’s reporting mechanisms for any suspected hazing incidents, preserving all records of communication.
• Maintain privacy: As a private institution, internal investigations might be less transparent. Students should be cautious about what they say and to whom.
• Engage experienced legal counsel: Given Baylor’s history of complex institutional litigation, families should consult an attorney with thorough experience in cases against private universities to navigate the legal process effectively.

6. Fraternities & Sororities: Campus-Specific + National Histories

For New Jersey families, understanding the connection between a local fraternity or sorority chapter and its national organization is critical when hazing occurs. While the incident may happen at a specific campus chapter, the national organization often bears a significant degree of responsibility due to its oversight, policies, and historical patterns of behavior.

6.1 Why National Histories Matter

Most fraternities and sororities present at Texas institutions like UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, and Baylor are part of larger national organizations. These national headquarters are not merely symbolic; they are sophisticated entities that:

• Set policies: They issue comprehensive anti-hazing directives, risk management guidelines, and codes of conduct that local chapters are expected to follow.
• Receive dues: Chapters pay fees to the national organization, which in turn provides support, training, and oversight.
• Manage branding and reputation: Nationals are acutely aware of their public image and the impact that hazing incidents can have on their recruitment and financial standing.
• Possess historical data: Most crucially, national organizations have extensive records of hazing incidents, suspensions, and lawsuits from chapters across the country. They have seen firsthand the devastating consequences of forced drinking nights, degrading rituals, and physical abuse. This means that a national headquarters often has prior knowledge of common hazing patterns that occur within its own organization.

When a local chapter in Texas repeats hazing behaviors—especially types that have led to deaths or severe injuries at other chapters nationwide—it can be argued that the national organization had foreseeability. They knew, or should have known, that such practices were dangerous based on their own history. This significantly strengthens legal arguments for negligence and, in some cases, punitive damages against national entities.

6.2 Organization Mapping (Synthesized)

Many of the fraternities and sororities active in Texas have been implicated in hazing-related incidents across the nation. While we cannot list every chapter present on every campus, here are some prominent organizations and their documented national hazing histories (as detailed in public records and news reports), which can inform legal strategy for New Jersey families:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike): Nationally, Pi Kappa Alpha has a deeply troubling record with hazing fatalities. The 2012 death of David Bogenberger at Northern Illinois University from severe alcohol poisoning during a hazing event led to a $14 million settlement for his family. More recently, the 2021 death of Stone Foltz at Bowling Green State University from forced alcohol consumption resulted in a $10 million settlement split between the national fraternity and the university. These incidents demonstrate a clear pattern of ritualized heavy drinking. At UH in 2016, a Pi Kappa Alpha chapter was suspended following allegations of pledges being sleep-deprived and physically harmed, including a lacerated spleen incident.

• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE): Often cited as “America’s deadliest fraternity” due to a string of alcohol-related deaths, SAE has faced widespread scrutiny. The 2008 death of Carson Starkey at Cal Poly from alcohol poisoning during hazing prompted his family to create a national anti-hazing foundation. In 2021, at Texas A&M, pledges alleged they suffered severe chemical burns after industrial-strength cleaner was poured on them during hazing, leading to a lawsuit seeking $1 million. In 2024, a lawsuit against a UT Austin SAE chapter alleged assault resulting in severe injuries to an exchange student. These cases illustrate a national pattern of dangerous physical activities and excessive alcohol use.

• Phi Delta Theta: This fraternity garnered national attention following the 2017 death of Maxwell “Max” Gruver at Louisiana State University. Max died from alcohol toxicity after being forced to participate in a “Bible study” drinking game. Criminal charges and civil litigation followed, and Louisiana passed the Max Gruver Act. This tragic event highlighted the coercive nature of alcohol hazing.

• Pi Kappa Phi: The 2017 death of Andrew Coffey at Florida State University due to acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” revealed another instance of dangerous drinking rituals within a national fraternity. While Pi Kappa Phi national has taken steps to curb hazing, incidents like these demonstrate the persistent challenge.

• Kappa Alpha Order: This fraternity has faced numerous hazing accusations and penalties across the country. At SMU in 2017, a Kappa Alpha Order chapter was suspended for systematic hazing involving paddling, forced drinking, and sleep deprivation. While not always leading to fatalities, these incidents show a consistent pattern of physical and psychological abuse.

• Omega Psi Phi: Historically Black Greek letter organizations often face unique pressures, with a history of physical hazing that nationals have worked to eradicate. The 1997 severe beating of Joseph Snell at Bowie State University during hazing resulted in a $375,000 verdict against the national organization, highlighting physical abuse within some chapters. In 2023, a federal lawsuit against an Omega Psi Phi chapter at the University of Southern Mississippi alleged repeated beatings with wooden paddles during “Hell Night” causing injuries requiring emergency surgery.

• Phi Gamma Delta (FIJI): The 2021 catastrophic injury of Danny Santulli at the University of Missouri is a stark reminder of hazing’s extreme potential for harm. Santulli sustained severe, permanent brain damage after being forced to consume excessive alcohol, leading to settlements with 22 defendants. This case shows how individual actions within a chapter can lead to life-altering outcomes and significant liability.

• Sigma Chi: This national fraternity has also dealt with hazing incidents. In 2024, a legal case at the College of Charleston resulted in a family receiving more than $10 million in damages after their child experienced physical beatings, forced consumption of drugs and alcohol, and psychological torment. This significant verdict underscores the legal consequences of severe hazing.

6.3 Tie Back to Legal Strategy

For New Jersey families, connecting these national histories to a specific incident in Texas is a powerful legal strategy. It argues that:

• Foreseeability: National organizations cannot credibly claim ignorance when similar hazing tactics have caused injury or death at other chapters, or are common knowledge within the Greek system.
• Constructive Knowledge: Even if a national headquarters didn’t have direct, explicit knowledge of a specific chapter’s hazing at a given moment, their historical pattern of similar incidents implies they should have anticipated and prevented such conduct.
• Negligent Supervision: Showing a pattern of previous hazing incidents, especially if previous sanctions were minimal or unenforced, can demonstrate negligent supervision by the national organization or the university.
• Insurance Coverage: Documented histories of widespread hazing within an organization can weaken their insurance carriers’ arguments that hazing is an unforeseeable “rogue act” and therefore excluded from coverage. This is where Attorney911’s insurance insider advantage, thanks to Lupe Peña’s background, becomes invaluable.

By understanding these national patterns, Attorney911 can build a stronger case for families in New Jersey, proving that what happened to their child was not a random act, but a foreseeable consequence of systemic failures.

7. Building a Case: Evidence, Damages, Strategy

When hazing leaves a lasting impact on a student and their family, building a strong legal case is paramount to securing justice and accountability. For New Jersey families, understanding the type of evidence required, the potential damages that can be recovered, and the strategic approach of experienced hazing attorneys is critical. Attorney911 leverages extensive experience in complex litigation to navigate these challenges.

7.1 Evidence

Evidence is the backbone of any hazing case. Modern hazing leaves a digital footprint, often more damning than traditional physical evidence. Collecting and preserving it requires a swift and strategic approach, as time is often of the essence before it can be deleted or compromised. For New Jersey families whose children are far from home, digital evidence becomes even more crucial for documenting events. Attorney911’s video, “Use Your Cellphone to Document a Legal Case” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs), offers invaluable insights into effective digital evidence capture.

• Digital Communications: These are often the most critical pieces of evidence, providing real-time insight into the hazing.

  • Group Messaging Apps: Platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Signal, Telegram, Discord, and even fraternity/sorority-specific apps are where plans are made, orders are given, and events are documented. Screenshots must capture entire threads, with timestamps and participant names clearly visible.
  • Text Messages and Direct Messages (DMs): One-on-one communications between members planning or discussing hazing, or between an initiated member and a pledge, can reveal crucial intent and coercion. It’s imperative to export, screenshot, and preserve these entire conversations.
  • Emails: Official or unofficial communications related to chapter events, new member education, or alleged hazing can provide a paper trail.

• Photos & Videos: Visual evidence captures the reality of hazing in a way words often cannot.

  • Member-filmed Content: It is alarmingly common for perpetrators to film hazing events for their own entertainment or as proof of completion. These videos, whether raw footage, shared on social media, or circulated privately, are powerful evidence.
  • Surveillance Footage: Security cameras at chapter houses, university buildings, or nearby businesses might capture movements during hazing events.
  • Injuries: Photographs of bruises, burns, cuts, or other physical injuries must be taken immediately and regularly to show progression, ideally with a ruler or common object for scale.
  • Locations: Photos of the venue, including any damage, unsafe conditions, or items used in hazing (e.g., alcohol bottles, degrading costumes).

• Internal Organization Documents: These reveal the official (and sometimes unofficial) rules and expectations.

  • Pledge Manuals/Handbooks: These may explicitly or implicitly outline hazing activities.
  • Ritual Scripts: Documents detailing initiation ceremonies can expose problematic practices.
  • Communications: Emails, texts, or memos between local chapter leaders and national headquarters, or among chapter members, discussing “new member education.”
  • Anti-Hazing Policies: Ironically, the national organization’s own anti-hazing policies can be used against them if it can be demonstrated that the policies were not enforced, or were merely a “paper policy.”

• University Records: Institutions generate a wealth of data relevant to hazing.

  • Prior Conduct Files: Documenting past hazing violations, probations, or suspensions of the same organization. For UT Austin, the public Hazing Violations Log (https://hazing.utexas.edu) is a prime example.
  • Incident Reports: Filed with campus police or student conduct offices, these records indicate when the university was aware of potential issues.
  • Clery Reports: Annual security reports can show patterns of alcohol violations, assaults, or other crimes often associated with hazing.
  • Title IX Complaints: If the hazing involved sexual harassment or assault, Title IX records could be relevant.

• Medical and Psychological Records: These document the direct impact on the victim.

  • Emergency Room/Hospital Records: Detailing immediate injuries, treatments, and toxicology results (e.g., blood alcohol content, drug screens).
  • Specialist Notes: From orthopedists, neurologists (for brain injuries), or gastroenterologists (for internal organ damage, such as rhabdomyolysis from extreme physical hazing).
  • Psychological Evaluations: Diagnosing conditions like PTSD, depression, anxiety, or suicidal ideation that directly result from the trauma of hazing.

• Witness Testimony: Eyewitness accounts are crucial for corroborating evidence and adding human context.

  • Other Pledges/New Members: Often reluctant but can provide powerful, firsthand accounts.
  • Current or Former Members: Especially those who may have left the organization due to hazing.
  • Bystanders: Anyone who observed the hazing or its aftermath, such as resident assistants (RAs), coaches, or other students.

7.2 Damages

Hazing inflicts profound and multifaceted harm, and the legal system seeks to compensate victims and their families for these losses. For New Jersey families, understanding the types of damages recoverable can provide a clearer picture of what a successful outcome might look like. Attorney911 details the scope of these liabilities on our Wrongful Death Claim Lawyer page (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/).

• Economic Damages (Quantifiable Financial Losses): These cover out-of-pocket expenses and measurable financial setbacks.

  • Medical Expenses: Including past bills (ER, hospitalization, surgery, therapy, psychiatric care, medications) and projected future costs (ongoing therapy, long-term care plans for catastrophic injuries like the permanent brain damage in the Danny Santulli case).
  • Lost Income & Earning Capacity: Compensation for wages lost due to illness or injury, the cost of missed tuition/fees, lost scholarships, and, crucially, the reduction in lifetime earning potential if hazing causes permanent physical or psychological disability.
  • Other Economic Losses: Costs for specialized educational support, relocation expenses if a student must transfer schools due to trauma, or property damage sustained during an incident.

• Non-Economic Damages (Subjective Losses, Legally Compensable): These address the intangible suffering and impact on quality of life.

  • Physical Pain & Suffering: Covering the actual pain of injuries and ongoing discomfort.
  • Emotional Distress & Psychological Harm: Including diagnosed conditions like PTSD, severe anxiety, depression, humiliation, and the profound loss of trust. Psychological evaluations are critical here.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: Compensating for the inability to engage in previously cherished activities, the disruption of personal relationships, and the overall diminished college experience.

• Wrongful Death Damages (For Families): In the tragic event of a hazing fatality, Texas law permits the recovery of damages for surviving family members.

  • Funeral and Burial Costs: Direct expenses related to the loss.
  • Loss of Financial Support: If the deceased would have contributed to family income or supported dependents.
  • Loss of Companionship, Love, and Society: Compensating parents, spouses, or children for the profound void left by the victim’s absence.
  • Mental Anguish: Addressing the severe emotional suffering of the family.

• Punitive Damages (When Applicable): These are intended to punish defendants for egregious conduct and deter similar actions in the future. They are awarded when clear and convincing evidence demonstrates the defendant’s malice, gross negligence, or reckless indifference. Cases involving a pattern of ignoring warnings, attempts at cover-up, or particularly cruel hazing are often candidates for punitive damages. In Texas, while punitive damages are potentially available, specific statutory caps may apply in certain situations, which an experienced attorney can help navigate.

7.3 Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

Understanding the various layers of liability and insurance is key to successful hazing litigation.

• Institutional Defendants: National fraternities, sororities, and universities often possess significant financial resources and liability insurance. However, their insurers frequently attempt to deny coverage, arguing that hazing, being an “intentional act,” falls under policy exclusions.
• Insurance Insider Advantage: This is where Attorney911’s unique legal strength comes into play. Lupe Peña, one of our key attorneys, previously worked as an insurance defense attorney at a national firm (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/). She understands the intricate tactics insurance companies use to minimize payouts, exploit loopholes, and deny claims. Her background provides us with unparalleled insight into “their playbook,” allowing us to anticipate defense strategies and aggressively pursue maximum compensation for our clients.
• Our Strategy: Rather than getting bogged down in initial denials, our team works to establish that even if the hazing involved intentional acts, the deeper negligence lies in the institution’s failure to supervise, enforce policies, or respond to prior warnings. This “negligent supervision” argument often compels insurers to cover damages or at least provide a defense. We identify all potential insurance policies, including those held by individuals, local chapters, and national organizations, to ensure comprehensive recovery for our clients. Attorney911’s experience with large-scale litigation against billion-dollar corporations, like our involvement in the BP Texas City explosion litigation (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/refinery-accident-lawyer/), further demonstrates our capacity to confront well-resourced defendants.

8. Practical Guides & FAQs

When hazing impacts a family, immediate, actionable guidance is indispensable. For New Jersey families, navigating a crisis from a distance requires clear steps and reliable information. Here, we offer practical advice for parents, students, and witnesses, aiming to empower you with knowledge and a clear path forward.

8.1 For Parents

For New Jersey parents, the distance from your child’s Texas university can magnify anxieties during a hazing crisis. Knowing what to look for and what to do is paramount.

• Warning Signs of Hazing: Be attuned to any sudden or extreme changes.

  • Unexplained injuries or repeated “accidents”: Look for bruises, burns, or cuts, especially if explanations sound vague or inconsistent.
  • Extreme fatigue or sleep deprivation: Constant late nights, early mornings, or an inability to rest can be indicators.
  • Drastic changes in mood or behavior: Anxiety, depression, irritability, withdrawal from friends or family, or an uncharacteristic secrecy about group activities.
  • Constant phone use for group chats: An excessive need to respond instantly to group messages, often accompanied by visible anxiety when the phone pings.
  • Fear of missing “mandatory” events: Even if framed as optional, a student’s distress over missing group activities suggests coercion.
  • Academic red flags: A sudden drop in grades, missed classes, or inability to concentrate due to group demands.

• How to Talk to Your Child: Approach the conversation with empathy, not accusation.

  • Ask open-ended questions: Instead of “Are they hazing you?”, try “How are things really going with [Organization Name]?” or “Is there anything about this process that feels uncomfortable or difficult?”
  • Emphasize safety over status: Reassure them that their well-being is your priority, not their membership in any group.
  • Listen actively and without judgment: Create a safe space for them to confide in you. Let them know you will support them regardless of what they’ve experienced or participated in. If they mention alcohol or drug use, focus on their safety, not punishment.

• If Your Child is Hurt: Immediate action is crucial.

  • Get them medical care immediately: Do not delay. When seeking care, ensure your child or you explicitly state the injuries or illness resulted from hazing. This aids documentation.
  • Document everything: Take clear, timestamped photos of any injuries from multiple angles. Screenshot every relevant text message, group chat, social media post, or email. Write down a detailed account of what your child tells you, including names, dates, times, and locations. Save any physical items like damaged clothing or objects used in the hazing.

• Dealing with the University:

  • Document every communication: Keep meticulous records of all emails, phone calls, and meetings with university officials (e.g., Dean of Students, Student Conduct, university police).
  • Inquire about prior incidents: Ask specifically whether the organization in question has a history of hazing violations or disciplinary actions. Some universities, like UT Austin, publicly log these.
  • Do not sign anything: Avoid signing any university-provided waivers, agreements, or “internal resolution” forms without first consulting an attorney. These documents can inadvertently waive your legal rights.

• When to Talk to a Lawyer:

  • If your child has suffered significant physical or psychological harm.
  • If you feel the university or organization is minimizing the incident or trying to suppress information.
  • If there is evidence of a cover-up or retaliation. Our firm offers a confidential consultation to help New Jersey families understand their options.

8.2 For Students/Pledges

This information speaks directly to you if you are experiencing or witnessing hazing at your Texas university.

• Is This Hazing or Just Tradition?: Ask yourself:

  • Am I being forced or pressured to do something I don’t want to do?
  • Would the university or my parents approve if they knew exactly what was happening?
  • Am I being told to keep secrets, lie, or hide this from outsiders?
  • Does this activity feel unsafe, humiliating, or personally degrading?
  • Am I being made to do things older members don’t have to do?
  • If you answered yes to any of these, it’s likely hazing. Your consent, given under pressure, is not valid.

• Why “Consent” Isn’t the End of the Story: In Texas, if something is hazing, your “agreement” to participate does not make it legal. The law (Texas Education Code § 37.155) explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. This is because lawmakers understand that in situations involving initiation or affiliation, young people often feel immense pressure to comply, fearing exclusion, punishment, or social ruin. Your desire to belong does not give others the right to harm you.

• Exiting and Reporting Safely:

  • If you are in immediate danger: Call 911 or campus police without hesitation. Get to a safe place (your dorm, a trusted friend’s home). In Texas, laws often protect you from prosecution for calling for help in a medical emergency, even if alcohol was involved.
  • If you want to quit: You have the absolute right to leave any organization at any time. You do NOT need permission. Inform a trusted adult (parent, RA, counselor) first. If you fear retaliation, tell the university (Dean of Students) and/or campus police.
  • Preserve evidence: Screenshot all relevant messages, photos, and videos. Save them outside of the app (e.g., email them to yourself or a family member). See Attorney911’s video “Use Your Cellphone to Document a Legal Case” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) for crucial tips.

• Good-Faith Reporting and Amnesty: Texas law encourages reporting hazing. If you report a hazing incident in good faith, you are typically immune from civil or criminal liability related to that report. Many universities in Texas also have “medical amnesty” policies, meaning if you call for help for yourself or a friend in an alcohol or drug-related emergency, you or your friend will not face disciplinary action for substance use violations.

8.3 For Former Members/Witnesses

If you were once a part of an organization where hazing occurred, your perspective and testimony can be invaluable in preventing future tragedies and holding perpetrators accountable. You may feel conflicted, guilty, or fearful of repercussions, but your voice can make a difference.

• Your Role in Prevention: Your unique insight into internal practices, codes of silence, and evidence destruction can expose systemic hazing. Your testimony could prevent another student from enduring what you or others went through.
• Navigating Your Personal Situation: If you have concerns about your own past involvement, or fear legal repercussions, it is prudent to seek independent legal advice. An attorney can help you understand your rights and responsibilities. Some witnesses, if they have legal exposure, may seek immunity agreements or other protections in exchange for their testimony, which your legal counsel can help negotiate.
• Lawyers Can Help: An attorney can serve as an intermediary with law enforcement and university officials, ensuring your rights are protected while facilitating your cooperation. Our firm’s expertise, including Ralph Manginello’s affiliations with the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA), means we understand how criminal charges and civil litigation interact, providing comprehensive guidance.

8.4 Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

For New Jersey families pursuing accountability for hazing in Texas, a single misstep can compromise a strong case. Attorney911’s video, “Client Mistakes That Can Ruin Your Injury Case” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY), outlines common errors. Here’s what to meticulously avoid:

1. Letting Your Child Delete or “Clean Up” Evidence:

   • What parents think: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble, or for embarrassing things to come out.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Digital evidence (texts, photos, videos) is gold. Deleting it makes your case significantly weaker and can be construed as obstruction of justice or tampering with evidence by defense attorneys.
   • What to do instead: Immediately preserve everything, even if it’s embarrassing. A lawyer will help filter what’s relevant.

2. Confronting the Fraternity/Sorority Directly:

   • What parents think: “I’m going to give them a piece of my mind and demand answers.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Direct confrontation will cause the organization to immediately lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses, and prepare their defense, shutting down your direct access to information.
   • What to do instead: Document everything, then contact an attorney before any direct engagement.

3. Signing University “Release” or “Resolution” Forms:

   • What universities do: Often pressure families to accept internal “resolutions” or sign documents that waive legal rights in exchange for limited campus discipline.
   • Why it’s wrong: You might inadvertently sign away your right to file a civil lawsuit, and the “settlement” or “resolution” offered by the university is likely far below the true value of your damages.
   • What to do instead: Never sign anything without an attorney reviewing it thoroughly.

4. Posting Details on Social Media Before Talking to a Lawyer:

   • What families think: “I want people to know what happened and warn others.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Anything posted online can be used against you. Defense attorneys track social media for inconsistencies, and public posts can compromise privacy and legal strategy.
   • What to do instead: Document privately. Your attorney will strategize on public statements, if any.

5. Letting Your Child Go Back for a “One Last Meeting”:

   • What organizations say: “Just come talk to us before you do anything drastic; let’s resolve this internally.”
   • Why it’s wrong: This is an attempt to pressure, intimidate, or extract statements that can be used to weaken a potential legal case.
   • What to do instead: Once you are considering legal action, all communications should go through your attorney.

6. Waiting “to See How the University Handles It”:

   • What universities promise: “We’re investigating; please let us handle this internally to protect your child.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Evidence rapidly disappears, witnesses graduate, and organizations work to control the narrative. University disciplinary processes often prioritize institutional image over victim compensation and comprehensive justice.
   • What to do instead: Preserve evidence now, consult an attorney immediately, and understand that the university’s internal process is not the same as real accountability or legal recovery.

7. Talking to Insurance Adjusters Without a Lawyer:

   • What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process the claim quickly and fairly.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Insurance adjusters represent the interests of the defendants, not yours. Recorded statements can be used to deny or minimize your claim, and early settlement offers are almost always lowball.
   • What to do instead: Politely decline to speak with them and refer them to your attorney by saying, “My attorney will contact you.”

8.5 Short FAQ

New Jersey families often have pressing questions when facing the complexities of hazing in Texas. Here are some of the most common inquiries:

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
  Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities in Texas (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) have some sovereign immunity protection, but exceptions exist for gross negligence, willful misconduct, and violations of federal laws like Title IX. Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections. Every case depends on its specific facts—contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a case-specific analysis.

• “Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
  It can be. While hazing is typically a Class B misdemeanor, it becomes a state jail felony under Texas law if it results in serious bodily injury or death. Individuals who know about hazing and fail to report it can also face misdemeanor charges. Our Criminal Defense Lawyers page at https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/criminal-defense-lawyers/ provides more context on how our firm navigates criminal elements.

• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
  Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts and prosecutors understand that “agreement” given under peer pressure, a desire for belonging, or fear of exclusion is not true voluntary consent.

• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
  Generally, you have 2 years from the date of injury or death to file a personal injury or wrongful death lawsuit in Texas. However, certain legal principles, like the “discovery rule” (where the clock starts when you discover the harm and its cause) or fraudulent concealment, can sometimes extend this period. Time is critical—evidence disappears, witnesses’ memories fade, and the statute of limitations is a strict deadline. Call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately to protect your rights. Our video “Is There a Statute of Limitations on My Case?” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c) explains this in more detail.

• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
  The location of hazing (on-campus, off-campus, private residence, or remote retreat) does not eliminate liability. Universities and national fraternities can still be held responsible based on their sponsorship, oversight, knowledge, and whether the hazing was foreseeable. Many major national hazing cases, such as Michael Deng’s death in the Pocono Mountains (Pi Delta Psi), involved off-campus incidents that still resulted in multi-million-dollar judgments against both chapters and national organizations.

• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  Most hazing cases settle confidentially before going to trial. Our firm prioritizes your family’s privacy and works to ensure that your child’s name and details remain private unless public disclosure is strategically beneficial to achieve greater accountability or deter future hazing.

9. About The Manginello Law Firm + Call to Action

When your family faces a hazing case, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how powerful institutions fight back—and how to win anyway. New Jersey families whose children have experienced hazing at any Texas campus need advocates who are not only grounded in Texas law but also possess the strategic depth to take on well-funded defendants.

Why Attorney911 for Hazing Cases

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, operating as Attorney911, brings a unique blend of expertise, tenacity, and empathy to hazing litigation. We are a Houston-based Texas personal injury firm with deep experience in serious injury, wrongful death, and institutional accountability cases across the state. We serve families throughout Texas, including New Jersey and surrounding areas, understanding that hazing at Texas universities affects families far from campus.

Our firm’s qualifications are particularly suited for the complexities of hazing cases:

• Insurance Insider Advantage (Lupe Peña): Our Associate Attorney, Lupe Peña, brings a critical edge. As a former insurance defense attorney at a national firm (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), she understands the intricate strategies that fraternity and university insurance companies use to minimize or deny hazing claims. Her expertise allows us to anticipate their delay tactics, counter their coverage exclusion arguments, and negotiate from a position of profound insight, because we know their playbook inside and out.

• Complex Litigation Against Massive Institutions (Ralph Manginello): Led by Managing Partner Ralph Manginello (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/), our firm is not intimidated by powerful defendants. Our involvement in high-stakes litigation, such as the BP Texas City explosion litigation (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/refinery-accident-lawyer/), demonstrates our capacity to challenge billion-dollar corporations and win. This experience is invaluable when confronting national fraternities, universities, and their formidable legal teams.

• Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death & Catastrophic Injury Experience: We have a proven track record in obtaining significant results in complex wrongful death and catastrophic injury cases. We understand how to work with economists to properly value future medical needs, lost earning capacity, and the profound non-economic damages families endure. We don’t settle cheap; we build cases that compel true accountability, ensuring victims receive the resources for long-term recovery.

• Dual Criminal & Civil Hazing Expertise: Ralph Manginello’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) gives our firm a vital understanding of how criminal hazing charges interact with civil litigation. This dual perspective is crucial for advising clients on all aspects of their case, whether they are victims, witnesses, or former members concerned about their own exposure.

• Investigative Depth: Modern hazing often leaves digital breadcrumbs. We employ cutting-edge investigative techniques and collaborate with experts in digital forensics, medicine, and psychology to uncover hidden evidence—deleted group chats, internal chapter records, and previously undisclosed university files. We investigate like your child’s life depends on it, because it does.

We understand that facing a hazing incident is one of the hardest things a family can endure. Our job is to get you answers, hold the responsible parties accountable, and help prevent this from happening to another family. We pursue thorough investigation and real accountability, not just quick settlements. We bridge the gap between empathy for your situation and aggressive legal action to achieve justice.

Call to Action

If you or your child experienced hazing at any Texas campus—whether it’s UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, or Baylor—we want to hear from you. Families in New Jersey and throughout the surrounding region have the right to answers and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We’ll listen to what happened, explain your legal options without judgment, and help you decide on the best path forward for your family.

What to expect in your free consultation:

• We’ll listen to your story empathetically and thoroughly.
• We’ll review any evidence you’ve gathered (photos, texts, medical records) and advise on further preservation.
• We’ll explain your legal options, discussing whether a criminal report, a civil lawsuit, both, or neither is appropriate based on your specific situation.
• We’ll provide a realistic outlook on timelines and what the legal process entails.
• We’ll answer all your questions about our contingency fee structure—meaning we don’t get paid unless we win your case (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc).
• There is no pressure to hire us on the spot; take the time you need to decide.
• Everything you tell us is confidential.

Whether you’re in New Jersey or anywhere across Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. Don’t let precious time erode your chances for justice. Evidence disappears quickly, and memories fade.

Call Attorney911 today.

• Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• Direct: (713) 528-9070
• Cell: (713) 443-4781
• Website: https://attorney911.com
• Email: ralph@atty911.com

Hablamos Español: Contact Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com for consultation in Spanish. Servicios legales en español disponibles.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC. Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com