The Complete Guide to Hazing, Lawsuits, and Accountability for North American Families

If Your Child Was Hazed at a North American University, You’re Not Alone—And You Have Rights

It starts with excitement—your child texts about joining a fraternity, sorority, spirit group, or athletic team at their university. Then the messages change. They’re exhausted at strange hours. They mention “mandatory” events that conflict with classes. They become secretive. Then comes the call no parent wants: your child is in the hospital, or worse. In that moment, you face institutional stonewalling, complex legal questions, and the crushing realization that the organization you trusted with your child’s safety failed them.

Right now, in Texas, we’re fighting one of the most serious hazing cases in the country. Leonel Bermudez, a University of Houston student, suffered rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure after alleged hazing by the Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu chapter. According to media reports, he was forced through extreme workouts, sprayed in the face with a hose “similar to waterboarding,” made to consume milk and hot dogs until vomiting, and carried a degrading “pledge fanny pack” 24/7. His urine turned brown. He was hospitalized for four days. We represent him in this ongoing, high-stakes litigation against the university, the national fraternity, and individual members.

This comprehensive guide is written for families across North America—from New York to California, Florida to Washington—who need to understand what modern hazing looks like, how the law protects (or fails) victims, what we’ve learned from national tragedies, and what legal options exist when institutions fail our children. Whether your child attends a Big Ten school, an SEC university, a small liberal arts college, or any campus in between, the patterns of hazing, cover-up, and institutional resistance are disturbingly similar.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

• Call 911 for medical emergencies
• Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• We provide immediate help—that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

In the first 48 hours:

• Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
• Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
  • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
  • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
  • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
• Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
• Do NOT:
  • Confront the fraternity/sorority
  • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
  • Post details on public social media
  • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

• Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed evidence, coached witnesses)
• Universities move quickly to control the narrative
• We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
• Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like Beyond the Stereotypes

Hazing has evolved far beyond the Hollywood depictions of harmless pranks. In 2025, hazing is a sophisticated system of coercion that leverages digital technology, psychological manipulation, and institutional loopholes to exploit new members while evading detection.

The Modern Definition: Coercion in the Digital Age

Hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to joining, keeping membership, or gaining status in a group, where the behavior endangers physical or mental health, humiliates, or exploits. The critical element isn’t whether someone “agreed”—it’s whether true consent was possible given power imbalances, fear of exclusion, and group pressure.

Categories of Contemporary Hazing

Alcohol and Substance Hazing
The most common—and most deadly—form remains forced consumption. This includes “Big/Little” nights where pledges are given handles of liquor, drinking games with punishment for wrong answers (like the “Bible study” that killed Max Gruver at LSU), and “family tree” challenges where rapid consumption is mandatory. Increasingly, we’re seeing forced consumption of energy drinks mixed with alcohol, prescription stimulants, or other substances to keep pledges awake during multi-day events.

Physical Hazing Beyond Paddling
While paddling persists in some organizations, physical hazing has evolved into “extreme conditioning” disguised as legitimate training. This includes:

• “Smokings” or forced calisthenics until collapse (100+ push-ups, 500 squats as in the UH Pi Kappa Phi case)
• Cold weather exposure in minimal clothing
• Sleep deprivation through mandatory 3 AM meetings
• Food and water restriction as “discipline”
• Chemical exposure (as in the Texas A&M SAE case where pledges suffered burns from industrial cleaner)

Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing
This category includes forced nudity, simulated sexual acts (“elephant walks,” “roasted pig” positions), and degradation rituals. The Northwestern University football scandal revealed sexualized hazing in athletic programs, while the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets faced lawsuits alleging similar misconduct. These acts cause profound psychological harm that often outlasts physical injuries.

Digital Hazing: The 24/7 Pressure Cooker
Modern hazing extends into digital spaces through:

• Group chat monitoring with immediate response demands
• Social media humiliation challenges
• Location tracking via apps like Find My Friends
• Doxing or threatening to expose private information
• “Cyber kidnapping” where pledges must respond to messages at all hours

Psychological Warfare
Systemic verbal abuse, isolation from non-members, forced confessions, public shaming sessions, and manipulation that creates dependency on the abusing organization. This psychological component makes escape feel impossible and reporting seem like betrayal.

Where Hazing Happens: It’s Not Just Greek Life

While fraternities and sororities dominate headlines, hazing occurs across campus organizations:

• Athletic teams (football, basketball, baseball, cheer, swimming)
• Military-style groups (ROTC, Corps of Cadets)
• Marching bands and performance groups
• Spirit and tradition organizations
• Academic and honor societies
• Cultural and identity-based organizations

The common thread is power imbalance, tradition, and secrecy—not Greek letters.

Law & Liability Framework: Understanding Your Rights Across State Lines

Hazing law in North America operates on three levels: state criminal statutes, civil liability principles, and federal requirements. Understanding this framework is crucial for families navigating a hazing crisis.

State Hazing Laws: A Patchwork of Protections

Every state has some form of anti-hazing legislation, but the strength and scope vary dramatically:

Strong Protections (Felony States)
States like Pennsylvania (Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law), Louisiana (Max Gruver Act), Ohio (Collin’s Law), and Florida (Chad Meredith Law) classify hazing resulting in serious injury or death as felonies with significant prison time. These laws often include mandatory reporting, transparency requirements, and enhanced penalties for organizations.

Moderate Protections
Many states, including Texas, have hazing statutes that begin as misdemeanors but elevate to felonies when serious injury or death occurs. Texas Education Code Chapter 37, for example, makes hazing a state jail felony when it causes serious bodily injury. These laws typically include “consent is not a defense” provisions.

Weaker Protections
Some states have outdated or limited statutes that treat hazing as minor misconduct or lack clear enforcement mechanisms. In these jurisdictions, civil litigation often provides the only meaningful accountability.

Key State Law Provisions Families Should Know:

• Criminal penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment
• Organizational liability allowing prosecution of fraternities/sororities themselves
• Good-faith reporter protections for those who call for help
• Mandatory reporting requirements for educational institutions
• Transparency provisions forcing universities to disclose hazing violations

Civil Liability: The Path to Accountability and Compensation

While criminal prosecution punishes offenders, civil litigation achieves accountability and compensation for victims. Multiple theories can apply:

Negligence and Gross Negligence
Organizations owe a duty of care to members and prospective members. Breaching that duty through inadequate supervision, failure to enforce policies, or ignoring known risks creates liability. Gross negligence (conscious disregard for safety) can trigger punitive damages.

Wrongful Death
When hazing causes death, surviving family members can recover for funeral expenses, loss of financial support, and non-economic damages like grief and loss of companionship.

Negligent Hiring, Training, and Supervision
National fraternities and universities can be liable for failing to properly vet, train, or oversee chapters and members.

Premises Liability
Property owners (including universities, housing corporations, and landlords) may be liable for dangerous conditions they knew or should have known about.

Intentional Torts
Assault, battery, false imprisonment, and intentional infliction of emotional distress claims can apply to individual perpetrators.

Federal Overlay: Title IX, Clery, and the Stop Campus Hazing Act

Title IX
When hazing involves sexual harassment or gender-based hostility, Title IX requires universities to investigate and respond appropriately. Even non-sexual hazing may trigger Title IX if it creates a hostile environment based on sex.

Clery Act
Universities must disclose crime statistics and maintain safety policies. Hazing incidents involving assault, alcohol crimes, or other reportable offenses fall under Clery requirements.

Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024)
This federal law requires colleges receiving federal aid to:

• Report hazing incidents more transparently
• Strengthen hazing education and prevention
• Maintain public hazing data (phased implementation through 2026)
• The law represents a significant step toward national transparency

Who Can Be Liable: The Full Universe of Responsible Parties

Civil hazing cases typically involve multiple defendants:

Individual Students
Those who planned, executed, or covered up hazing. Personal liability insurance (often through parents’ homeowner policies) may provide coverage.

Local Chapters
If incorporated, chapters can be sued directly. Even unincorporated associations may face liability.

National Fraternities/Sororities
Headquarters face liability for:

• Inadequate policies or enforcement
• Failure to respond to prior incidents
• Negligent supervision of chapters
• Ratification of dangerous traditions

Nationals typically carry significant liability insurance, making them critical defendants for recovery.

Universities and Governing Boards
Schools may be liable for:

• Deliberate indifference to known risks
• Failure to enforce policies
• Inadequate supervision
• Negligent security

Public universities may assert sovereign immunity defenses, but exceptions exist for gross negligence and certain federal claims.

Third Parties

• Landlords of off-campus houses
• Alcohol providers (dram shop liability)
• Security companies
• Event venues

Insurance Companies
Liability policies held by nationals, universities, housing corporations, and individuals may provide coverage, though insurers often fight hazing claims under “intentional act” exclusions.

National Hazing Case Patterns: The Tragedies That Shape Today’s Legal Landscape

Understanding national cases isn’t academic—it establishes patterns that prove foreseeability and support negligence claims in individual cases. These are not isolated incidents; they’re predictable outcomes of systemic failures.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death: The Most Common Pattern

Timothy Piazza – Penn State, Beta Theta Pi (2017)
During a bid-acceptance event, Piazza consumed life-threatening amounts of alcohol, fell multiple times (captured on chapter security cameras), and received delayed medical attention. Eighteen fraternity members faced over 1,000 criminal charges. The case spurred Pennsylvania’s comprehensive anti-hazing law and demonstrated how surveillance technology can both document and exacerbate tragedies when members prioritize secrecy over safety.

Max Gruver – LSU, Phi Delta Theta (2017)
Gruver died during a “Bible study” drinking game where incorrect answers triggered forced consumption. His blood alcohol concentration reached 0.495%. The case led to Louisiana’s Max Gruver Act, making hazing a felony, and showed how academic-themed events mask dangerous coercion.

Andrew Coffey – Florida State, Pi Kappa Phi (2017)
Coffey died after consuming an entire bottle of liquor during a “Big Brother” event. The tragedy prompted FSU to suspend all Greek life temporarily and overhaul its prevention programs. Pi Kappa Phi nationals suspended operations at 26 chapters, demonstrating how one incident can trigger national scrutiny.

Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021)
Foltz died after being forced to drink a bottle of alcohol during a “Big/Little” event. The case resulted in a $10 million settlement ($7M from Pi Kappa Alpha national, $3M from BGSU) and criminal convictions. Notably, the chapter president was ordered to pay $6.5 million personally—a warning to individual participants.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing: Beyond Alcohol

Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013)
Deng died during a “glass ceiling” ritual at a remote retreat where he was blindfolded, weighted down, and repeatedly tackled. The national fraternity was convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter—a rare instance of organizational criminal liability. The case highlights the dangers of off-campus retreats designed to evade university oversight.

Danny Santulli – University of Missouri, Phi Gamma Delta (2021)
Santulli suffered permanent brain damage after being forced to drink excessive alcohol during a “pledge dad reveal” night. He now requires 24/7 care. His family settled with 22 defendants, showing how multiple parties share liability in catastrophic injury cases.

Phi Kappa Psi – San Diego State University (2024)
A pledge suffered third-degree burns over 16% of his body after being set on fire during a party skit. Four fraternity members face felony charges carrying up to seven years imprisonment. The case demonstrates evolving dangerous methods and the ongoing creativity of abusive hazing.

Athletic Program Hazing: Beyond Greek Life

Northwestern University Football (2023–2025)
Former players alleged sexualized, racist hazing within the football program spanning years. Multiple lawsuits led to head coach Pat Fitzgerald’s firing and a confidential settlement of his wrongful-termination claim. The scandal revealed how multi-million dollar athletic programs can harbor systemic abuse and how institutions prioritize reputation over victim safety.

College of Charleston Swimming (2012–2015)
Hazing involving verbal and physical abuse led to the program’s five-year suspension and a $75,000 settlement for a former team member. The case shows hazing extends to non-revenue sports and can result in program termination.

What These Cases Mean for North American Families

These tragedies establish critical legal principles:

1. Foreseeability: When a national organization has multiple prior incidents, they cannot claim surprise when similar conduct occurs elsewhere.
2. Pattern Evidence: Courts recognize that forced drinking games, physical endurance tests, and degrading rituals are predictable hazards in certain organizational cultures.
3. Institutional Knowledge: Universities and nationals are presumed to know industry standards and prior incidents within their networks.
4. Cover-up Culture: Delayed medical care, destroyed evidence, and witness intimidation significantly increase liability.

For families, this means your child’s case doesn’t exist in isolation. The Stone Foltz settlement informs what’s possible in an alcohol death case. The Danny Santulli settlements show the value of catastrophic injury claims. The Northwestern litigation demonstrates that even powerhouse athletic programs can be held accountable.

Hazing Across North America: State-by-State Realities and University Responses

While our firm is Texas-based and currently litigating the high-profile UH Pi Kappa Phi case, we serve families across North America through consultation, co-counsel arrangements, and lead representation for cases with Texas connections. The patterns we see in Texas repeat nationwide because the same national organizations, insurance companies, and institutional dynamics operate everywhere.

Major University Systems with Documented Hazing Issues

Southeastern Conference (SEC) Schools
The SEC’s intense Greek life and athletic cultures have produced numerous hazing cases:

• University of Alabama: Sigma Alpha Epsilon traumatic brain injury lawsuit
• Louisiana State University: Max Gruver’s death and subsequent legislation
• University of Georgia: Multiple fraternity suspensions for hazing violations
• University of Florida: Ongoing hazing investigations across Greek and athletic programs

Big Ten Conference
Traditional Greek systems and major athletic programs create hazing risks:

• Penn State University: Timothy Piazza’s death and subsequent reforms
• Ohio State University: Multiple fraternity suspensions, Collin’s Law implementation
• University of Michigan: Hazing incidents in marching bands and Greek life
• Northwestern University: Football program scandal with multiple lawsuits

Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC)

• Florida State University: Andrew Coffey’s death and Greek system overhaul
• University of North Carolina: Fraternity hazing investigations and suspensions
• Clemson University: Athletic team hazing allegations and disciplinary actions

Pac-12 Conference

• University of Southern California: Greek life hazing investigations
• University of California system: Multiple incidents across campuses
• University of Oregon: Fraternity suspensions for alcohol and physical hazing

Ivy League and Elite Institutions
Even prestigious schools face hazing challenges:

• Harvard University: Orchestra suspensions for hazing
• Cornell University: Multiple fraternity investigations
• Dartmouth College: Greek life reforms following hazing incidents

How Universities Respond: Patterns of Institutional Behavior

Our experience across states reveals consistent university responses:

Initial Denial and Minimization
Universities often characterize incidents as “isolated,” “student misconduct,” or “policy violations” rather than acknowledging systemic problems.

Internal Investigation Control
Schools conduct their own investigations, often without victim representation, then use findings to limit liability exposure rather than ensure accountability.

Settlement Pressure
Early, low-ball settlement offers often come with confidentiality requirements that silence victims and prevent pattern recognition.

Regulatory Compliance Focus
Many institutions prioritize meeting minimum legal requirements over genuine culture change or victim support.

Reputation Management
Public relations considerations frequently influence disciplinary decisions and transparency levels.

The Insurance Landscape: A National Problem

The same insurance companies defend fraternities and universities nationwide. Their playbook remains consistent:

• Deny coverage under “intentional act” exclusions
• Delay proceedings to pressure financially strained families
• Use internal medical exams to minimize injury severity
• Argue comparative negligence (“the victim participated”)

Our insurance insider advantage—Mr. Lupe Peña’s former experience as a national insurance defense attorney—applies equally whether the case is in Texas, Ohio, or California. We know how these companies value claims, set reserves, and negotiate because we used to work on their side.

Fraternities & Sororities: National Histories That Establish Patterns and Foreseeability

When evaluating a hazing case, we don’t just look at the local chapter—we investigate the national organization’s complete history. This research establishes pattern evidence and proves that the harm was foreseeable.

National Organizations with Documented Hazing Patterns

Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike)

• Stone Foltz: Bowling Green State University, alcohol poisoning death (2021)
• David Bogenberger: Northern Illinois University, alcohol poisoning death (2012)
• Multiple chapter suspensions nationwide for alcohol and physical hazing
• Pattern: “Big/Little” events with forced drinking remain consistent despite national policies

Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE)

• Traumatic brain injury lawsuit: University of Alabama chapter
• Chemical burns case: Texas A&M University, industrial cleaner injuries
• Assault allegations: University of Texas at Austin chapter
• Multiple deaths historically leading to 2014 elimination of pledge program (largely reinstated later)
• Pattern: Physical endurance tests combined with substance abuse

Phi Delta Theta

• Max Gruver: LSU, “Bible study” drinking game death (2017)
• Multiple chapter suspensions for alcohol hazing
• Pattern: Academic-themed events masking dangerous drinking rituals

Pi Kappa Phi

• Andrew Coffey: Florida State University, “Big Brother” night death (2017)
• Leonel Bermudez: University of Houston, rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure (2025)
• Pattern: Physical endurance combined with humiliation rituals

Phi Gamma Delta (FIJI)

• Danny Santulli: University of Missouri, permanent brain damage (2021)
• Multiple chapter suspensions for alcohol-related hazing
• Pattern: “Pledge reveal” events with excessive alcohol

Kappa Sigma

• Chad Meredith: University of Miami, alcohol-related drowning (2001)
• Multiple hazing incidents across chapters
• Pattern: Alcohol consumption combined with dangerous activities

How National Histories Strengthen Local Cases

Establishing Foreseeability
When a national organization has multiple prior incidents involving similar conduct (forced drinking, physical endurance tests, etc.), they cannot plausibly claim the local chapter’s actions were unforeseeable. This defeats a key defense and supports negligence claims.

Proving Inadequate Policies or Enforcement
If nationals had anti-hazing policies but failed to enforce them meaningfully—or if punishments for prior violations were minimal—this shows systemic failure rather than rogue individuals.

Supporting Punitive Damages Claims
Knowledge of prior incidents combined with inadequate response can demonstrate conscious disregard for safety, supporting claims for punitive damages designed to punish and deter.

Identifying Insurance Coverage
National organizations typically carry substantial liability insurance. Establishing their responsibility helps ensure recovery isn’t limited to individual students’ minimal assets.

Pattern Evidence for Discovery
Knowledge of similar incidents at other chapters helps us request specific documents in discovery—prior incident reports, risk management files, internal communications about hazing—that might not otherwise be identified.

Building a Hazing Case: Evidence, Strategy, and Realistic Expectations

Successfully pursuing a hazing claim requires systematic evidence collection, strategic legal positioning, and understanding what truly drives case value. Here’s what families should know about the process.

Critical Evidence Categories

Digital Communications (The Modern Smoking Gun)

• Group chats: GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, Slack
• Social media: Instagram DMs, Snapchat, TikTok, Facebook
• Deleted message recovery: Digital forensics can often retrieve “permanently” deleted content
• Metadata: Timestamps, location data, participant identification
• Our video on using your phone to document evidence explains best practices

Photographic and Video Evidence

• Injury documentation: Progressive photos showing bruising, swelling, healing
• Event footage: Videos taken during hazing by participants
• Security cameras: House systems, doorbell cameras, university cameras
• Social media posts: Even deleted posts may exist in other users’ feeds or cloud backups

Medical Documentation

• Emergency records: ER reports, ambulance run sheets, vital signs
• Laboratory results: Toxicology screens, kidney function tests (critical in rhabdomyolysis cases like UH Pi Kappa Phi), blood alcohol levels
• Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, MRIs documenting injuries
• Psychological evaluations: PTSD, depression, anxiety diagnoses
• Future care plans: For catastrophic injuries requiring lifelong treatment

Organizational Records

• Chapter documents: Pledge manuals, meeting minutes, tradition binders
• National communications: Emails with headquarters, risk management reports
• University files: Prior incident reports, disciplinary records, investigation findings
• Insurance policies: Coverage details for all potential defendants

Witness Information

• Other victims: Often afraid to come forward initially but may cooperate as cases develop
• Former members: Those who quit or were expelled often have valuable perspective
• Bystanders: Roommates, neighbors, other students
• Experts: Medical professionals, Greek life culture experts, economists

Strategic Case Development

Immediate Evidence Preservation
Within 48 hours, we:

1. Secure digital evidence before deletion
2. Document injuries through medical evaluation
3. Identify and contact potential witnesses
4. Send preservation letters to universities and organizations
5. Watch our evidence preservation video for detailed guidance

Comprehensive Defendant Identification
We map all potentially liable parties:

• Individual perpetrators
• Chapter officers
• Housing corporations
• National headquarters
• University entities

1. Insurance carriers
2. Third-party vendors

Insurance Coverage Analysis
Using our insider knowledge of insurance defense tactics, we:

• Identify all potential policy coverage
• Anticipate coverage disputes
• Develop arguments to overcome “intentional act” exclusions
• Pursue bad faith claims when insurers wrongfully deny coverage

Damages Quantification
We work with experts to document:

• Economic damages: Medical expenses, lost earnings, future care costs
• Non-economic damages: Pain and suffering, emotional distress, loss of enjoyment
• Punitive exposure: When conduct justifies punishment beyond compensation

Realistic Timelines and Expectations

Immediate Phase (0-3 Months)

• Evidence collection and preservation
• Medical treatment and documentation
• Initial liability assessment
• Preservation demands to potential defendants

Investigation Phase (3-9 Months)

• Formal discovery requests
• Depositions of key witnesses
• Expert consultations and reports
• Settlement negotiations may begin

Litigation Phase (9-24+ Months)

• Formal lawsuit filing if settlement fails
• Intensive discovery including document production, depositions, expert testimony
• Mediation and settlement conferences
• Trial preparation

Resolution

• Most cases settle confidentially during litigation
• Trials are rare but sometimes necessary for accountability
• Settlement funds typically cover medical expenses, provide compensation, and fund future needs

Practical Guides for Parents, Students, and Witnesses

For Parents: Recognizing and Responding to Hazing

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed

Physical Indicators:

• Unexplained bruises, burns, or injuries with inconsistent explanations
• Extreme fatigue beyond normal college stress
• Weight changes from food/water restriction
• Sleep deprivation symptoms
• Signs of alcohol poisoning or substance use in non-users

Behavioral Changes:

• Suddenly secretive about organization activities
• Withdrawal from family and non-member friends
• Personality shifts: anxiety, depression, irritability
• Defensiveness about the organization
• Fear of “getting the chapter in trouble”
• Constant phone checking for group chat demands

Academic Red Flags:

• Grades dropping suddenly
• Missing classes for “mandatory” events
• Academic probation or lost scholarships

How to Talk to Your Child

1. Choose the right time: Private, calm, without judgment
2. Use open questions: “How are things really going with [organization]?”
3. Listen without interruption: Let them share at their pace
4. Validate their experience: “That sounds really difficult”
5. Prioritize safety: “Your health matters more than membership”
6. Offer unconditional support: “We’ll figure this out together”

If Your Child Is Injured

1. Medical care first: Even if they resist, injuries require professional evaluation
2. Document everything: Photos, medical records, their account of what happened
3. Preserve evidence: Phones, clothing, objects from the incident
4. Contact an attorney: Before talking to university officials or insurance adjusters
5. Avoid social media: Public posts can compromise legal strategy

Working with the University

• Document all communications
• Ask specific questions about prior incidents involving the organization
• Request copies of policies and procedures
• Don’t sign settlement offers without legal review
• Recognize that university interests may conflict with your child’s wellbeing

For Students: Safety, Exit Strategies, and Rights

Is This Hazing? A Quick Self-Assessment

• Do you feel unsafe, humiliated, or coerced?
• Would you participate without social pressure or fear of exclusion?
• Is the activity hidden from outsiders?
• Would the organization’s national headquarters approve?
• Are older members making you do things they don’t do themselves?

If you answered yes to any, it’s likely hazing.

Exiting Safely

1. Tell someone outside first: Parent, trusted friend, counselor
2. Send written resignation: Email/text to chapter president: “I resign effective immediately”
3. Avoid “one last meeting”: This is often an opportunity for pressure or intimidation
4. Document any retaliation: Threats, harassment, property damage
5. Utilize campus resources: Dean of Students, counseling center, campus police

Your Legal Rights

• Consent is not a defense: Even if you “agreed,” hazing is still illegal
• Good-faith reporter protections: Many states protect those who report or seek help
• Right to medical privacy: You control who sees your medical records
• Protection from retaliation: Harassment after reporting may be additional crimes
• Statute of limitations: Generally 2-3 years from injury, but varies by state

Evidence Collection for Students

• Screenshots: Group chats, DMs, social media posts (full threads with timestamps)
• Photos: Injuries, locations, objects used in hazing
• Medical records: Request copies of all treatment documentation
• Witness list: Names and contact information for others present
• Personal notes: Write down everything while memories are fresh

For Former Members and Witnesses: Coming Forward

If You Participated and Now Regret It

1. Consult an attorney: Understand your potential exposure
2. Consider cooperation: Your testimony could prevent future harm
3. Document what you know: Write down details, locate relevant communications
4. Explore restorative options: Some pursue accountability through testimony rather than silence

If You Witnessed Hazing

1. Document what you saw: While memories are fresh
2. Preserve evidence: Screenshots, photos, recordings if legally permissible
3. Report anonymously: Many campuses have confidential reporting options
4. Consider coming forward: Your testimony could be critical for accountability

Legal Protections for Witnesses

• Whistleblower protections: Vary by state but often exist
• Confidentiality options: Courts can sometimes protect witness identities
• Immunity possibilities: Prosecutors may offer immunity for testimony
• Civil lawsuit protection: Witnesses generally cannot be sued for truthful testimony

Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Hazing Case

1. Letting Evidence Disappear

• Mistake: Allowing your child to delete messages or “clean up” their phone
• Why it’s devastating: Looks like cover-up, eliminates crucial evidence
• What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately, even embarrassing content

2. Premature Confrontation

• Mistake: Confronting the fraternity/sorority before consulting an attorney
• Why it’s devastating: Alerts them to destroy evidence, coach witnesses, lawyer up
• What to do instead: Document quietly, then let your attorney control communications

3. Signing University Documents

• Mistake: Signing “resolution agreements” or releases from the university
• Why it’s devastating: May waive legal rights, accept inadequate settlements
• What to do instead: “I need to have my attorney review this before signing”

4. Social Media Disclosure

• Mistake: Posting details about the incident publicly
• Why it’s devastating: Defense attorneys monitor social media; inconsistencies hurt credibility
• What to do instead: Document privately; let legal strategy guide public messaging

5. Delaying Medical Attention

• Mistake: Waiting to see if injuries “get better on their own”
• Why it’s devastating: Gaps in treatment undermine injury claims; conditions may worsen
• What to do instead: Seek immediate medical evaluation, follow all recommendations

6. Talking to Insurance Adjusters

• Mistake: Giving recorded statements to insurance representatives
• Why it’s devastating: Statements are used to minimize claims; early lowball settlements
• What to do instead: “Please contact my attorney” is a complete sentence

7. Waiting for University Resolution

• Mistake: “Let’s see how the university handles it first”
• Why it’s devastating: Statute of limitations runs, evidence disappears, witnesses graduate
• What to do instead: Parallel tracks—university process AND legal consultation

Watch our video on client mistakes that can ruin your injury case for more detailed guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions About Hazing Lawsuits

Can we sue a university for hazing?
Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities have some sovereign immunity protections, but exceptions exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, and certain federal claims. Private universities have fewer immunity barriers. Each case requires specific analysis of control, knowledge, and response.

Is hazing a felony?
It depends on the state and severity. Many states, including Texas, make hazing a felony when it causes serious bodily injury or death. Other states have weaker classifications. The national trend is toward felony statutes following high-profile deaths.

What if our child “agreed” to the activities?
Consent is not a legal defense to hazing in most jurisdictions. Courts recognize that power imbalances, peer pressure, and fear of exclusion make true voluntary consent impossible in these contexts. State laws like Texas Education Code §37.155 explicitly state consent is not a defense.

How long do we have to file a lawsuit?
Generally 2-3 years from the date of injury or discovery of harm, but this varies by state. The “discovery rule” may extend time if the full extent of harm wasn’t immediately known. In cases involving fraud or cover-up, statutes may be tolled (paused). Time is critical—contact an attorney immediately.

What if the hazing happened off-campus?
Location doesn’t eliminate liability. Universities and national organizations can still be responsible based on sponsorship, control, and knowledge. Many major cases (Pi Delta Psi retreat, Sigma Pi unofficial house) occurred off-campus and resulted in substantial judgments.

Will our child’s name be public?
Most hazing cases settle confidentially before trial. We can request sealed court records and confidential settlement terms. While some cases inevitably attract media attention, we prioritize your family’s privacy throughout the process.

How much does a hazing lawsuit cost?
We work on contingency—no upfront costs, no fee unless we recover compensation. This makes quality legal representation accessible regardless of financial circumstances. Watch our contingency fee explanation video for details.

What’s a realistic timeline?
Most cases resolve within 6-24 months through settlement. Complex cases or those requiring trial may take longer. The immediate phase (evidence preservation, medical treatment) is most critical for long-term success.

Can we pursue criminal and civil cases simultaneously?
Yes, and we often recommend it. Criminal prosecution holds individuals accountable through the state, while civil litigation provides victim compensation and institutional accountability. The processes are separate but can inform each other.

What if the fraternity/sorority has already been suspended?
Suspension doesn’t eliminate liability—it may actually demonstrate institutional knowledge of problems. We investigate what the organization knew before suspension, how they responded, and whether suspension was adequate given the risks.

Why Attorney911 for National Hazing Cases

When your family faces a hazing crisis, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how fraternities, sororities, and universities operate—and how to hold them accountable even when they fight back with unlimited resources.

Our Texas Foundation with National Reach

While our physical offices are in Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, we serve families across North America through:

• Lead counsel representation for cases with Texas connections (Texas-based nationals, insurance companies, or incidents)
• Co-counsel arrangements with local attorneys in your state
• Consultation and case evaluation for families anywhere
  –Free initial consultations regardless of location

Our ongoing litigation in the Leonel Bermudez University of Houston Pi Kappa Phi case demonstrates our active, serious engagement with hazing litigation right now. This isn’t theoretical expertise—it’s what we do every day.

Unique Advantages for Hazing Cases

Insurance Insider Advantage
Mr. Lupe Peña spent years as an insurance defense attorney at a national firm. He knows exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies:

• Value and undervalue hazing claims
• Use delay tactics to pressure families
• Argue coverage exclusions for “intentional acts”
• Deploy independent medical exams to minimize injuries
• We know their playbook because we used to run it.

Complex Institutional Litigation Experience
Ralph Manginello’s involvement in BP Texas City explosion litigation—taking on billion-dollar corporations with unlimited legal resources—prepared us for fights against national fraternities and major universities. We’re not intimidated by deep-pocketed defendants.

Multi-Million Dollar Results
We have recovered millions for clients in wrongful death and catastrophic injury cases. This experience matters when valuing:

• Lifetime care needs for brain injuries
• Future earning capacity loss for young victims
• Non-economic damages for trauma and suffering
• Punitive exposure when conduct justifies punishment

Dual Civil/Criminal Capability
Ralph’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) means we understand both sides of hazing cases. We can:

• Advise witnesses and former members with criminal exposure
• Navigate parallel criminal and civil proceedings
• Understand how criminal investigations impact civil cases

Spanish Language Services
Mr. Peña speaks fluent Spanish, ensuring Hispanic families receive clear, culturally sensitive representation. Se habla Español.

Our Investigation Process: Leaving No Stone Unturned

Digital Forensics Mastery
We recover deleted messages, analyze metadata, and preserve social media evidence before it disappears. In today’s hazing cases, the smoking gun is often in a GroupMe chat or Instagram DM.

National Pattern Research
We investigate not just your local chapter, but the national organization’s complete history. Prior incidents establish foreseeability and defeat “rogue chapter” defenses.

Expert Network
We work with:

• Medical experts specializing in hazing injuries (rhabdomyolysis, TBI, PTSD)
• Greek life culture experts
• Economists for lifetime care and earning capacity calculations
• Digital forensics specialists
• Psychologists documenting emotional harm

Comprehensive Defendant Mapping
We identify all potentially liable parties:

• Individual perpetrators and officers
• Chapter housing corporations
• National headquarters and insurance
• University entities and their insurers
• Third-party vendors and property owners

What Families Can Expect Working With Us

Immediate Response
When you call 1-888-ATTY-911, you reach us directly—not a call center. We understand hazing emergencies require urgent attention.

Thorough Case Evaluation
We listen to your story, review available evidence, and provide honest assessment of your options—without pressure to proceed.

Clear Communication
We explain legal concepts in plain English, maintain regular contact, and ensure you understand each step. Watch our communication commitment video.

Strategic Partnership
You’re involved in major decisions. We work with you, not just for you, developing strategy that aligns with your family’s goals—whether that’s maximum compensation, public accountability, policy change, or some combination.

No Fee Unless We Win
Contingency fee structure means:

• No upfront costs
• No hourly bills
• No fee unless we recover compensation
• This aligns our interests completely with yours

Your Next Steps: From Crisis to Accountability

If hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to navigate this alone. The institutions involved have teams of lawyers and public relations professionals protecting their interests. You deserve the same level of representation protecting your child’s rights and your family’s future.

What to Do Right Now

1. Prioritize Safety and Health

   • Medical attention for any injuries
   • Mental health support for trauma
   • Safe environment away from pressure or retaliation

2. Preserve Evidence

   • Screenshot all relevant communications
   • Photograph injuries and locations
   • Save physical evidence
   • Write detailed notes while memories are fresh

3. Document Everything

   • Medical visits and diagnoses
   • Communications with the organization
   • University interactions
   • Financial impacts

4. Contact Us for a Free Consultation

   • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
   • Direct line: (713) 528-9070
   • Email: ralph@atty911.com
   • Spanish services: lupe@atty911.com
   • Website: https://attorney911.com

What Your Free Consultation Includes

• Confidential discussion of what happened
• Preliminary evidence review and preservation guidance
• Explanation of legal rights in your specific situation
• Overview of potential strategies and realistic expectations
• Answers to your questions about process, timeline, and costs
• No pressure to proceed—take time to decide what’s right for your family

Why Time Matters in Hazing Cases

• Evidence disappears: Messages deleted, witnesses graduate, memories fade
• Statutes of limitations: Vary by state but typically 2-3 years
• University investigations: Often designed to limit liability rather than uncover truth
• Insurance negotiations: Early offers are typically minimal; leverage increases with thorough preparation

Our Commitment to Your Family

We understand this is one of the most difficult experiences a family can face. Our approach balances:

• Aggressive advocacy against powerful institutions
• Compassionate support for victims and families
• Strategic thinking to maximize recovery and accountability
• Ethical professionalism in every interaction

Whether you’re in New York or California, Florida or Washington—if hazing has harmed your child, we want to help. The same national fraternities operate everywhere. The same insurance companies defend these claims nationwide. The same institutional patterns of denial and minimization repeat across campuses.

Our experience in Texas—currently fighting the UH Pi Kappa Phi case—informs our approach nationwide. We’ve seen how these cases develop, how defendants respond, and what strategies work to achieve justice for families.

Call us today at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a free, confidential consultation. Let us help you understand your rights, evaluate your options, and begin the journey toward accountability and healing.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified attorney in your state who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com
Spanish Services: lupe@atty911.com