The Comprehensive Texas Hazing Guide for Families in Town of Carbon, Texas

For Parents in Town of Carbon: Understanding Campus Hazing and Your Legal Rights

The Nightmare That Hits Close to Home

Imagine receiving a call from your child who attends college hours from our quiet community of Carbon. They’re at an off-campus fraternity house in College Station or Austin, their voice trembling as they describe being forced through brutal workouts until they’re vomiting, then made to continue. They’re carrying a “pledge fanny pack” with degrading items, afraid to refuse for fear of being ostracized. Later, they pass brown urine and can’t stand without help. This isn’t a hypothetical scenario—it’s exactly what happened to Leonel Bermudez at the University of Houston in fall 2025, and it’s a reality Texas families like yours need to understand.

Right now, we’re fighting one of the most serious hazing cases in the country: the $10 million lawsuit filed on behalf of Leonel Bermudez against the University of Houston, the Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu chapter, its housing corporation, Pi Kappa Phi’s national headquarters, the UH System Board of Regents, and 13 fraternity leaders. The conduct alleged includes extreme physical abuse, simulated waterboarding, forced consumption of food until vomiting, and systematic humiliation that left Bermudez with rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown) and acute kidney failure, requiring four days of hospitalization and ongoing risk of permanent damage.

If you’re a parent in Carbon, Eastland County, you might think hazing is something that happens at distant, large urban campuses. The truth is, families from our tight-knit community send their children to universities across Texas—to Texas A&M, UT Austin, Baylor, and beyond—where these dangerous traditions persist. This comprehensive guide is written specifically for you: to explain what modern hazing really looks like, how Texas law protects your child, what’s happening at our state’s major universities, and what legal options you have if hazing touches your family.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES

If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

• Call 911 for medical emergencies
• Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

In the first 48 hours:

• Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
• Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
  • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
  • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
  • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
• Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
• Do NOT:
  • Confront the fraternity/sorority
  • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
  • Post details on public social media
  • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24-48 hours:

• Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed evidence, coached witnesses)
• Universities move quickly to control the narrative
• We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
• Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like for Texas College Students

Beyond the Stereotypes: Modern Hazing Methods

For Carbon families who may be several generations removed from the college experience, it’s crucial to understand that hazing has evolved far beyond “harmless pranks” or “boys being boys.” Today’s hazing operates in a digital landscape with sophisticated methods designed to avoid detection while inflicting physical and psychological harm.

Alcohol and Substance Hazing remains the deadliest form, despite decades of warnings. The pattern is tragically consistent: new members are coerced into consuming dangerous amounts of alcohol during “Big/Little” nights, bid acceptance parties, or drinking games like “Bible study” where wrong answers mean forced drinking. In the Bermudez case at UH, Pi Kappa Phi members allegedly forced pledges to consume milk, hot dogs, and peppercorns until vomiting, then immediately made them sprint. The medical consequence? Rhabdomyolysis – a life-threatening condition where muscle tissue breaks down and floods the kidneys, potentially causing permanent organ damage.

Physical Hazing has become more extreme and scientifically dangerous. What’s often disguised as “conditioning” or “workouts” can cross into criminal assault. The UH Pi Kappa Phi case includes allegations of:

• 100+ push-ups and 500 squats in a single session under threat of expulsion
• “Save-your-brother” drills, bear crawls, and wheelbarrow races until collapse
• Cold-weather exposure in underwear
• Being sprayed in the face with a hose “similar to waterboarding”
• Another pledge being hog-tied face-down on a table with an object in his mouth for over an hour

Psychological and Digital Hazing represents the newest frontier. Today’s pledges face:

• 24/7 group chat monitoring with demands for instant responses at all hours
• Location tracking via apps like Find My Friends
• Social media humiliation through forced TikTok challenges or Instagram dares
• Sleep deprivation via late-night “mandatory” meetings or early-morning workouts
• The “pledge fanny pack” rule Bermudez faced – carrying condoms, sex toys, nicotine devices, and humiliating items at all times

Sexualized Hazing continues to plague organizations, despite increased awareness. This includes forced nudity, simulated sexual acts, degrading costumes, and role-playing with racist or sexist overtones. The Northwestern University football scandal (2023-2025) revealed how even prestigious athletic programs can harbor systemic sexualized hazing.

Where Hazing Happens: It’s Not Just Fraternities

While Greek organizations receive most attention, hazing permeates multiple campus environments that Carbon students might join:

• Fraternities and Sororities (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, multicultural groups)
• Corps of Cadets and ROTC programs with military-style traditions
• Athletic Teams from football to cheerleading to swimming
• Spirit and Tradition Groups like the Texas Cowboys at UT or similar organizations
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups
• Academic and Service Organizations

The common thread? Any group with initiation rituals, power imbalances between new and existing members, and a culture of secrecy can become a hazing environment. For Carbon families, this means asking careful questions about any organization your child joins, not just Greek life.

Texas Hazing Law: What Carbon Families Need to Know

Texas Education Code – Chapter 37: Your Legal Protection

Texas has specific anti-hazing laws that apply whether your child is at UH in Houston, Texas A&M in College Station, or any other campus. Understanding these laws is crucial for Carbon families facing a hazing situation.

§ 37.151 Definition of Hazing:
Hazing means any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, AND
• Occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students.

Plain English Translation: If someone makes your child do something dangerous, harmful, or degrading to join or stay in a group, and they meant to do it or were reckless about the risk, that’s hazing under Texas law.

Key Points for Carbon Families:

• Location doesn’t matter – hazing at an off-campus Airbnb or private house is still illegal
• Mental harm counts – psychological abuse, humiliation, and trauma qualify
• “Reckless” is enough – they don’t need to have intended harm, just been reckless about the risk
• “Consent” is not a defense – even if your child “agreed,” it’s still hazing under the power imbalance of pledging

Criminal Penalties in Texas

§ 37.152 establishes escalating penalties:

• Class B Misdemeanor: Hazing that doesn’t cause serious injury (up to 180 days jail, fine up to $2,000)
• Class A Misdemeanor: If hazing causes injury requiring medical treatment
• State Jail Felony: If hazing causes serious bodily injury or death

Additional criminal exposure:

• Failing to report hazing if you’re a member/officer who knew about it
• Retaliating against someone who reports hazing
• Furnishing alcohol to minors (common in alcohol hazing cases)
• Assault or battery charges for physical abuse
• Manslaughter or criminally negligent homicide in fatal cases

Organizational Liability and Civil Lawsuits

§ 37.153 makes organizations criminally liable if:

• The organization authorized or encouraged the hazing, OR
• An officer or member acting in official capacity knew about hazing and failed to report it

Penalties for organizations:

• Fine up to $10,000 per violation
• University can revoke recognition and ban the org from campus

Why this matters for civil cases: This statute shows that Texas law recognizes both individuals AND organizations can be held accountable. In civil lawsuits, we pursue all potentially liable parties:

• Individual students who planned or carried out hazing
• Chapter officers who knew or should have known
• The local chapter as an entity
• National fraternity/sorority headquarters that set policies and receive dues
• Universities that failed to supervise or respond to prior warnings
• Property owners of houses where hazing occurred
• Alcohol providers under dram shop laws

Critical Protections for Reporting

§ 37.154 provides immunity for good-faith reporting:
A person who in good faith reports a hazing incident to university or law enforcement is immune from civil or criminal liability that might otherwise result from the report.

Medical Amnesty Policies: Most Texas universities and state law provide protections for students who call 911 in alcohol-related emergencies, even if they were drinking underage. This is crucial – your child should NEVER hesitate to call for help out of fear of getting in trouble.

How Texas Law Compares to Other States

Texas has a solid anti-hazing framework but isn’t the strongest:

• Pennsylvania (Timothy J. Piazza Law): More easily upgrades to felonies, enhanced penalties
• Louisiana (Max Gruver Act): Felony hazing statute with serious prison time
• Ohio (Collin’s Law): Hazing becomes felony when drugs/alcohol cause physical harm
• Florida (Chad Meredith Law): Criminalized hazing after drowning death

Texas stands in the middle: We have criminal statutes, felony provisions for serious injury/death, and clear “consent is not a defense” language, but less public awareness than states with named laws. Cases like Bermudez vs. UH could potentially drive Texas to strengthen its laws.

National Hazing Case Patterns: Lessons for Carbon Families

The Alcohol Poisoning Pattern: Tragically Predictable

Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021)
The 20-year-old pledge was forced to consume an entire bottle of alcohol during a “Big/Little” night and died from alcohol poisoning. The case resulted in multiple criminal convictions and a $10 million settlement ($7M from Pi Kappa Alpha national, ~$3M from BGSU). For Carbon families, the lesson is clear: forced drinking rituals consistently prove fatal, and universities face massive liability alongside fraternities.

Max Gruver – LSU, Phi Delta Theta (2017)
The 19-year-old died from alcohol toxicity (BAC 0.495%) after a “Bible study” drinking game where wrong answers meant forced drinking. His death led Louisiana to enact the Max Gruver Act, creating felony hazing charges. The case shows how legislative change often follows tragedy and public outrage.

Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017)
The pledge died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” where pledges were given handles of hard liquor. The chapter was closed, members faced prosecution, and FSU temporarily suspended all Greek life. This case involves the same national fraternity (Pi Kappa Phi) as the ongoing UH case we’re handling.

Physical and Ritualized Hazing: Brutality Disguised as Tradition

Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013)
The pledge was blindfolded, weighted down with a backpack, and repeatedly tackled during a “glass ceiling” ritual at a Pennsylvania retreat. He died from traumatic brain injuries while fraternity members delayed calling 911. The national fraternity was criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter – a landmark showing that organizations, not just individuals, face criminal liability.

Danny Santulli – University of Missouri, Phi Gamma Delta (2021)
The 18-year-old pledge was forced to consume excessive alcohol during a “pledge dad reveal” night, suffering severe, permanent brain damage. He cannot walk, talk, or see and requires 24/7 care. The family settled with 22 defendants, demonstrating that catastrophic non-fatal injuries can result in multi-million dollar recoveries.

Athletic Program Hazing: Beyond Greek Life

Northwestern University Football Scandal (2023-2025)
Former players alleged widespread sexualized and racist hazing within the football program over multiple years. Multiple lawsuits were filed, head coach Pat Fitzgerald was fired (and later settled a wrongful-termination suit), and the university faces ongoing litigation. This proves hazing isn’t limited to Greek life – even elite athletic programs can harbor systemic abuse.

What These Cases Mean for Carbon Families

These national patterns establish critical legal precedents that benefit Texas families:

1. Foreseeability: When a Texas chapter repeats the same dangerous conduct that caused deaths elsewhere, courts recognize the risk was foreseeable
2. Organizational Liability: Nationals can’t claim “rogue chapter” when they have pattern knowledge
3. University Responsibility: Schools face liability for failing to protect students from known risks
4. Substantial Recoveries: Multi-million dollar settlements and verdicts show juries take hazing seriously

Texas University Focus: Where Carbon Students Attend

Strategic Positioning for Carbon Families

Located in Eastland County, Carbon families typically send students to universities within a few hours’ drive or to major state schools. Your child might attend:

• Texas A&M University (2.5-3 hours drive) – particularly relevant for Corps of Cadets and Greek life
• Baylor University (1.5-2 hours drive) – strong Greek presence and religious affiliation
• University of Texas at Austin (3-3.5 hours drive) – massive Greek system and spirit organizations
• Texas Tech University (2.5-3 hours drive) – significant Greek community
• University of North Texas (2-2.5 hours drive) – growing Greek presence
• Tarleton State University (1.5-2 hours drive) – closer option with Greek life
• Abilene Christian, Hardin-Simmons, McMurry (1-1.5 hours) – private options with Greek organizations

Even if your child attends school farther away, Texas hazing law applies, and our experience with Texas institutions benefits your case.

Texas A&M University: Corps Culture and Greek Life

For Carbon Families: Many East Texas students choose A&M for its reputation, Corps tradition, or family legacy. The 2.5-3 hour drive makes visits manageable but distant enough that parents might miss warning signs.

Campus Culture Snapshot:
Texas A&M hosts one of the nation’s largest Corps of Cadets programs alongside a substantial Greek system. The combination of military-style discipline and fraternity/sorority social structures creates unique hazing risks in both environments.

Documented Incidents and Responses:

Sigma Alpha Epsilon Chemical Burns Case (2021):
Two pledges alleged they were forced through strenuous activity, then had substances including industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, and spit poured on them, causing severe chemical burns requiring skin graft surgeries. They sued the fraternity for $1 million. A&M suspended the chapter for two years. This case shows how hazing methods have evolved to include chemical abuse.

Corps of Cadets Lawsuit (2023):
A cadet alleged degrading hazing including simulated sexual acts and being bound between beds in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. He sought over $1 million in damages. Texas A&M stated it handled the matter under its rules, highlighting how internal military-style discipline systems sometimes conflict with civil legal processes.

How A&M Handles Hazing:

• Student Conduct Office investigates non-Corps cases
• Corps has its own separate disciplinary system
• Public transparency varies – some sanctions are public, others handled internally
• Greek life falls under Office of Student Activities

What Carbon Families Should Know:

• The Corps’ separate justice system can complicate civil cases
• A&M’s size means hazing can go unreported for years
• Prior incidents at A&M establish foreseeability for similar conduct
• Medical care at A&M’s health services creates crucial documentation

Baylor University: Religious Identity and Greek Life

For Carbon Families: Baylor’s proximity (1.5-2 hours) and religious affiliation appeal to many East Texas families. The Christian environment might create a false sense of security about hazing risks.

Campus Culture Snapshot:
Baylor balances its Baptist heritage with a substantial Greek system. The university’s recent history with athletic scandals creates both sensitivity to misconduct and sophisticated institutional response mechanisms.

Documented Incidents and Responses:

Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020):
14 players were suspended following a hazing investigation, with staggered suspensions over the early season. While details remain somewhat confidential, the scope (affecting nearly half the team) indicates systemic issues rather than isolated incidents.

Greek Life Incidents:
While Baylor maintains less public data than public universities, periodic chapter suspensions indicate ongoing hazing issues within fraternities and sororities despite the Christian environment.

How Baylor Handles Hazing:

• Student Conduct and Conflict Resolution Services investigates
• Greek life overseen by Campus Programs and Student Activities
• Religious mission sometimes influences disciplinary approach
• Less public transparency than state schools due to private status

What Carbon Families Should Know:

• Baylor’s private status affects public records access
• Religious context doesn’t eliminate hazing risks
• The university’s experience with high-profile scandals means they have sophisticated legal and PR responses
• Documentation is crucial since internal processes may favor institutional protection

University of Texas at Austin: Transparency and Tradition

For Carbon Families: UT Austin represents the flagship Texas university many high-achieving students target. The 3-3.5 hour drive places it within visiting distance but far enough that parents might not see gradual behavioral changes.

Campus Culture Snapshot:
UT Austin hosts approximately 60 fraternity and sorority chapters alongside powerful spirit organizations like the Texas Cowboys. The university’s public hazing violations page (hazing.utexas.edu) provides unprecedented transparency compared to other schools.

Documented Incidents and Responses:

Public Hazing Violations Page Examples:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (2023): New members directed to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics; found to be hazing; chapter placed on probation with required hazing-prevention education
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ongoing): Multiple incidents including a 2024 case where an Australian exchange student alleged assault resulting in dislocated leg, broken ligaments, fractured tibia, and broken nose; chapter already under suspension for prior violations
• Spirit Organizations: Groups like Texas Wranglers periodically sanctioned for forced workouts, alcohol-related hazing, or punishment-based practices

UT’s Transparency Advantage:
Unlike most schools, UT publishes detailed hazing violations including organization names, dates, conduct descriptions, and sanctions. This public record becomes powerful evidence in civil cases, establishing pattern and knowledge.

How UT Handles Hazing:

• Office of the Dean of Students investigates
• Greek Life and Intercultural Education oversees fraternities/sororities
• UTPD investigates criminal aspects
• Public violations page updated regularly

What Carbon Families Should Know:

• Check hazing.utexas.edu if concerned about a specific organization
• UT’s transparency doesn’t prevent hazing but does document it
• Prior violations listed can establish foreseeability in lawsuits
• The size and decentralization of UT can mean delayed reporting

Southern Methodist University: Private Status and Greek Culture

For Carbon Families: SMU’s Dallas location (2-2.5 hours) and private university status appeal to families seeking a more exclusive environment. The perception of sophistication shouldn’t mask hazing risks.

Campus Culture Snapshot:
SMU’s affluent student body and strong Greek presence (approximately 35% participation) create a culture where social status and organizational membership carry significant weight. Private university status means less public transparency.

Documented Incidents and Responses:

Kappa Alpha Order Incident (2017):
New members reportedly paddled, forced to drink alcohol, and deprived of sleep. The chapter was suspended with recruiting restrictions until approximately 2021. Details remain limited due to SMU’s private status.

Ongoing Greek Life Issues:
Periodic chapter suspensions and disciplinary actions indicate continued hazing problems despite SMU’s resources and smaller size compared to public universities.

How SMU Handles Hazing:

• Office of Student Affairs and Dean of Students investigates
• Private status limits public disclosure
• Hazing prevention efforts include anonymous reporting systems
• Greek life overseen by dedicated staff

What Carbon Families Should Know:

• Less public data means more dependent on discovery in lawsuits
• SMU’s resources mean sophisticated institutional responses
• Social pressure can be intense in affluent Greek systems
• Documentation becomes even more crucial with limited public records

University of Houston: The Bermudez Case and Beyond

For Carbon Families: While farther away (4+ hours), UH represents a major urban university where some East Texas students pursue specific programs. The ongoing Pi Kappa Phi case we’re handling demonstrates serious hazing risks even at commuter-focused schools.

Campus Culture Snapshot:
UH blends commuter and residential students with active Greek life across multiple councils (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, multicultural). The urban setting means hazing often moves to off-campus locations.

The Leonel Bermudez / Pi Kappa Phi Case:
As detailed in the Click2Houston report and ABC13 coverage, this ongoing case alleges:

• Systematic hazing from September to November 2025
• The “pledge fanny pack” humiliation system
• Extreme physical workouts leading to rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure
• Hospitalization with critically high creatine kinase levels
• Chapter suspension (Nov 6, 2025) and charter surrender (Nov 14, 2025)
• $10 million lawsuit against UH, Pi Kappa Phi national, housing corporation, and 13 individuals

Other UH Incidents:
2016 Pi Kappa Alpha Case: Pledges allegedly deprived of food, water, and sleep during multi-day events; one student suffered a lacerated spleen after being slammed onto a table. The chapter faced misdemeanor charges and suspension.

How UH Handles Hazing:

• Dean of Students Office investigates
• Campus Safety and Security oversees reporting
• UHPD handles criminal aspects
• Some disciplinary information published online

What Carbon Families Should Know:

• Urban setting means hazing often moves off-campus
• The Bermudez case shows severe injuries can occur despite policies
• UH’s response included cooperation with law enforcement
• Documentation from urban hospitals may be more extensive

Fraternity and Sorority National Histories: Pattern Evidence for Carbon Cases

Why National Histories Matter in Texas Lawsuits

When your child is hazed by a chapter at a Texas university, the national organization’s history becomes crucial evidence. Courts recognize that national headquarters:

• Maintain anti-hazing policies because they know the risks from prior incidents
• Receive dues and exercise control over chapters
• Have pattern knowledge of dangerous traditions

This “foreseeability” establishes negligence when the same dangerous conduct occurs at a Texas chapter. For Carbon families, this means your case isn’t just about local members – it’s about holding national organizations accountable for patterns they’ve seen and failed to stop.

Major National Organizations with Documented Histories

Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ / Pike) – National Pattern:

• Stone Foltz (BGSU, 2021): $10M settlement after alcohol poisoning death
• David Bogenberger (NIU, 2012): $14M settlement after alcohol poisoning death
• Multiple Chapter Suspensions: Numerous chapters suspended for hazing violations
• Texas Presence: Active at UT Austin, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and other campuses

Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ / SAE) – National Pattern:

• Traumatic Brain Injury Case (Alabama, 2023): Lawsuit alleging TBI during hazing
• Chemical Burns Case (Texas A&M, 2021): $1M lawsuit after cleaner poured on pledges
• Assault Case (UT Austin, 2024): Australian student suffered multiple fractures
• Multiple Deaths Nationwide: Pattern of alcohol-related hazing deaths
• Texas Presence: Chapters at most major Texas universities

Pi Kappa Phi (ΠΚΦ) – National Pattern:

• Andrew Coffey (FSU, 2017): Death from alcohol poisoning during “Big Brother Night”
• Leonel Bermudez (UH, 2025): Our ongoing case – rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure
• Texas Presence: Chapter at UH (Beta Nu now closed), other campuses

Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ) – National Pattern:

• Max Gruver (LSU, 2017): Death led to Louisiana felony hazing law
• Multiple Chapter Closures: Pattern of alcohol hazing incidents
• Texas Presence: Active at multiple Texas campuses

Kappa Alpha Order (ΚΑ) – National Pattern:

• SMU Incident (2017): Paddling, forced drinking, sleep deprivation
• Multiple Suspensions: Pattern of physical hazing violations
• Texas Presence: Chapters at Texas A&M, Texas Tech, other schools

How Pattern Evidence Strengthens Your Case

When we represent Carbon families, we obtain national organizations’ internal records showing:

• Prior incident reports from other chapters
• Risk management files and training materials
• Communications about hazing prevention (or lack thereof)
• Evidence that dangerous traditions were known but not stopped

This establishes that the national organization had constructive notice – they should have known the risks based on their own history. It counters the “rogue chapter” defense and supports claims for punitive damages.

Building a Hazing Case: Evidence, Strategy, and Recovery for Carbon Families

Critical Evidence in Modern Hazing Cases

The digital nature of today’s hazing creates both challenges and opportunities for evidence collection. For Carbon families, preserving evidence quickly is crucial since distance from campus might delay awareness.

Digital Communications – The Most Important Evidence:

• Group Messaging: GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, fraternity apps
• Social Media DMs: Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, Facebook Messenger
• Deleted Message Recovery: Digital forensics can often recover “disappearing” messages
• Metadata: Timestamps, participant lists, edit histories

Photo and Video Evidence:

• Social Media Posts: Even “fun” posts can show hazing context
• Injury Documentation: Photos immediately after and over several days
• Location Evidence: House photos, room layouts, event venues
• Security Footage: Ring doorbells, building cameras, party footage

Medical Documentation:

• Emergency Room Records: Critical for immediate injury documentation
• Lab Results: Blood alcohol, toxicology, kidney function (CK levels for rhabdomyolysis)
• Imaging: X-rays, CT scans for fractures or internal injuries
• Psychological Evaluations: PTSD, depression, anxiety diagnoses

University and Organizational Records:

• Prior Discipline Files: Previous hazing violations against the same organization
• Internal Communications: Emails among administrators about the org
• Training Materials: What prevention training was (or wasn’t) provided
• Membership Rosters: Who was in leadership positions

Witness Testimony:

• Other Pledges: Often afraid initially but may cooperate as case progresses
• Former Members: Those who quit or were expelled frequently have valuable information
• Roommates and Friends: Notice behavioral changes or physical signs
• Medical Providers: Document injuries and patient statements about cause

Damages: What Carbon Families Can Recover

Understanding potential damages helps families make informed decisions about legal action. Every case is unique, but these categories represent what courts recognize:

Economic Damages (Quantifiable Losses):

• Medical Expenses: Past and future – ER care, hospitalization, surgery, therapy, medications
• Lost Income/Earning Capacity: Missed work, delayed graduation, reduced future earnings
• Educational Costs: Tuition for semesters missed, lost scholarships, transfer expenses
• Other Expenses: Travel for treatment, medical equipment, home modifications

Non-Economic Damages (Subjective Harm):

• Physical Pain and Suffering: From injuries and treatment
• Emotional Distress: PTSD, depression, anxiety, humiliation, trauma
• Loss of Enjoyment of Life: Can’t participate in activities previously enjoyed
• Reputational Harm: Social stigma, difficulty transferring schools

Wrongful Death Damages (For Families):

• Funeral and Burial Costs
• Loss of Companionship and Support
• Emotional Suffering of Family Members
• Parents’ and Siblings’ Mental Health Treatment

Punitive Damages (When Available):
Designed to punish especially reckless or malicious conduct and deter future hazing. More likely when:

• Defendant had prior warnings and ignored them
• Conduct was particularly cruel or degrading
• Defendant tried to cover up or destroy evidence
• Showed callous indifference to known risks

Recovery Realities: Settlements vs. Trials

Most Cases Settle Confidentially:

• Avoids public trial and testimony
• Provides certainty and faster resolution
• Terms often include non-disclosure agreements
• Settlement amounts vary widely based on injuries, evidence, and defendants

Recent Public Settlement Examples:

• Stone Foltz (Pi Kappa Alpha): $10M total ($7M national + $3M university)
• David Bogenberger (Pi Kappa Alpha): $14M settlement
• Max Gruver (Phi Delta Theta): $6.1M verdict plus confidential settlements
• Sigma Chi (College of Charleston): $10M+ for severe hazing injuries

Trial Considerations:

• Rare but sometimes necessary when defendants won’t offer fair settlement
• Public testimony can be difficult for families
• Jury sympathy often favors victims in hazing cases
• Verdicts can establish important legal precedents

Practical Guides and FAQs for Carbon Families

For Parents: Recognizing and Responding to Hazing

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed:

• Physical Signs: Unexplained bruises, burns, cuts, or injuries; extreme fatigue; weight changes; sleep deprivation; injuries to hands/back/legs; chemical burns or rashes
• Behavioral Changes: Sudden secrecy about organization activities; withdrawal from family and old friends; personality changes (anxiety, depression, irritability); defensive when asked; fear of “letting the chapter down”
• Academic Red Flags: Grades dropping suddenly; missing classes; skipping assignments for “mandatory” events; losing scholarships
• Financial Red Flags: Unexpected large expenses; buying excessive alcohol or items for older members; requests for money without clear explanation
• Digital Behavior: Constant phone use for group chats; anxiety when phone buzzes; deleting messages obsessively; receiving calls/texts at all hours; social media posts showing concerning activities

Questions to Ask (Non-Confrontationally):

1. “How are things going with [organization]? Are you enjoying it?”
2. “Have they been respectful of your time for classes and sleep?”
3. “What do they ask you to do as a new member?”
4. “Is there anything that makes you uncomfortable?”
5. “Have you seen anyone get hurt, or have you been hurt?”
6. “Do you feel like you can leave if you want to?”
7. “Are they asking you to keep secrets from me or the university?”

If You Suspect Hazing – Immediate Steps:

1. Prioritize Safety: If in physical danger, call 911
2. Medical Attention: Get evaluated even if they insist they’re “fine”
3. Document Everything: Write down what they tell you (dates, times, details)
4. Preserve Evidence: Screenshot messages, photograph injuries, save physical items
5. Consult an Attorney: Before reporting to university or confronting the organization
6. Avoid Common Mistakes: Don’t confront the organization directly, don’t sign university agreements without review, don’t post on social media

For Students: Is This Hazing? What Are My Rights?

Self-Assessment Questions:

• Am I being forced or pressured to do something I don’t want to do?
• Would I do this if I had a real choice (no social consequences)?
• Is this activity dangerous, degrading, or illegal?
• Would my parents or the university approve if they knew exactly what’s happening?
• Are older members making new members do things they don’t have to do themselves?
• Am I being told to keep secrets, lie, or hide this from outsiders?

If you answered YES to any – it’s likely hazing.

Your Legal Rights in Texas:

• You cannot be punished for calling 911 in an emergency (good-faith reporter immunity)
• Hazing is a crime – you are the victim, not the perpetrator
• “Consent” is not a defense under Texas law when there’s power imbalance
• You can request no-contact orders if harassed after reporting
• You have the right to leave any organization at any time

Safe Exit Strategies:

1. Immediate Danger: Call 911, get to safe location
2. Wanting to Quit: Tell someone outside the org first, send written resignation, don’t go to “one last meeting”
3. Fear Retaliation: Document threats, report to university and police, seek protective order
4. Preserve Evidence: Screenshot everything before quitting

Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

MISTAKE #1: Letting your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

• What parents think: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble”
• Why it’s wrong: Looks like cover-up; can be obstruction of justice; makes case nearly impossible
• What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately, even embarrassing content

MISTAKE #2: Confronting the fraternity/sorority directly

• What parents think: “I’m going to give them a piece of my mind”
• Why it’s wrong: They immediately lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses
• What to do instead: Document everything, call a lawyer before any confrontation

MISTAKE #3: Signing university “release” or “resolution” forms

• What universities do: Pressure families to sign waivers or internal agreements
• Why it’s wrong: You may waive your right to sue; settlements are often far below case value
• What to do instead: Do NOT sign anything without an attorney reviewing it first

MISTAKE #4: Posting details on social media before talking to a lawyer

• What families think: “I want people to know what happened”
• Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys screenshot everything; inconsistencies hurt credibility
• What to do instead: Document privately; let your lawyer control public messaging

MISTAKE #5: Letting your child go back to “one last meeting”

• What fraternities say: “Come talk to us before you do anything drastic”
• Why it’s wrong: They pressure, intimidate, or extract statements that hurt the case
• What to do instead: Once considering legal action, all communication goes through your lawyer

MISTAKE #6: Waiting “to see how the university handles it”

• What universities promise: “We’re investigating; let us handle this internally”
• Why it’s wrong: Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate, statute runs, university controls narrative
• What to do instead: Preserve evidence NOW; consult lawyer immediately

MISTAKE #7: Talking to insurance adjusters without a lawyer

• What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process the claim”
• Why it’s wrong: Recorded statements are used against you; early settlements are lowball
• What to do instead: Politely decline: “My attorney will contact you”

Frequently Asked Questions for Carbon Families

“Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities (UH, Texas A&M, UT) have sovereign immunity protections, but exceptions exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, and when suing individuals in personal capacity. Private universities (SMU, Baylor) have fewer immunity protections. Every case depends on specific facts.

“Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
It can be. Texas law classifies hazing as a Class B misdemeanor by default, but it becomes a state jail felony if the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Individual officers can also face charges for failing to report hazing.

“Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts recognize that “consent” under peer pressure, power imbalance, and fear of exclusion is not true voluntary consent.

“How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
Generally 2 years from the date of injury or death in Texas, but the “discovery rule” may extend this if the harm or its cause wasn’t immediately known. In cases involving cover-ups or fraud, the statute may be tolled (paused). Time is critical—evidence disappears, witnesses forget, and organizations destroy records.

“What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
Location doesn’t eliminate liability. Universities and national fraternities can still be liable based on sponsorship, control, knowledge, and foreseeability. Many major hazing cases occurred off-campus and still resulted in multi-million-dollar judgments.

“Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
Most hazing cases settle confidentially before trial. You can request sealed court records and confidential settlement terms. We prioritize your family’s privacy while pursuing accountability.

“How much does it cost to hire a hazing attorney?”
We work on a contingency fee basis – you pay nothing upfront, and we only get paid if we recover money for you. This makes quality legal representation accessible to all families regardless of financial situation.

About The Manginello Law Firm / Attorney911: Why We’re Different for Carbon Hazing Cases

Texas-Based Hazing Specialists with National Experience

From our Houston office, we serve families throughout Texas, including Carbon and Eastland County. While we’re not physically located in your town, we understand the unique concerns of Texas families – the pride in sending children to state universities, the shock when trusted institutions fail them, and the determination to seek accountability while protecting your child’s future.

Our Current Hazing Litigation: The Bermudez Case
Right now, we’re actively litigating one of the most serious hazing cases in the country: Leonel Bermudez vs. University of Houston and Pi Kappa Phi. This isn’t historical – this is current, high-stakes litigation against a major university and national fraternity. We’re in the fight today, developing strategies and precedents that benefit all Texas hazing victims.

Unique Qualifications for Hazing Cases

Insurance Insider Advantage – Lupe Peña’s Defense Background:
Mr. Lupe Peña spent years as an insurance defense attorney at a national firm. He knows exactly how fraternity and university insurance companies:

• Value (and undervalue) hazing claims
• Use delay tactics to pressure families
• Argue coverage exclusions for “intentional acts”
• Set reserves and negotiate settlements

This insider knowledge is invaluable when facing well-funded institutional defendants. We know their playbook because we used to run it.

Complex Institutional Litigation Experience – Ralph Manginello’s Credentials:

• BP Texas City Explosion Litigation: One of few Texas firms involved against billion-dollar defendants
• Federal Court Admitted: U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas
• HCCLA Membership: Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association – elite criminal defense credential
• 25+ Years Practice: Since 1998, handling high-stakes cases

We’re not intimidated by national fraternities or prestigious universities. We’ve taken on massive corporations and won.

Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death and Catastrophic Injury Results:
We have a proven track record in complex wrongful death cases, working with economists to value lifetime care needs and future losses. We don’t settle cheap – we build cases that force real accountability.

Criminal + Civil Hazing Expertise:
Ralph’s HCCLA membership means we understand both sides of hazing cases. We can:

• Advise on criminal exposure for witnesses or former members
• Navigate dual-track criminal and civil proceedings
• Understand how criminal outcomes affect civil cases
• Protect clients during investigations

Investigative Depth and Expert Network:
We deploy the right experts for each case:

• Medical Experts: Rhabdomyolysis specialists, nephrologists, trauma psychologists
• Digital Forensics: Recover deleted messages and social media evidence
• Greek Life Culture Experts: Understand organizational dynamics and traditions
• Economists and Life Care Planners: Value future needs and losses
• Institutional Policy Experts: Analyze university and fraternity compliance

Evidence Mastery from Complex Cases:
Our experience with trucking accidents (ELD data, driver logs) and maritime cases (complex discovery) translates directly to hazing investigations. We know how to obtain:

• Deleted group chats and social media archives
• Fraternity national records and incident reports
• University prior discipline files
• Internal communications showing knowledge

Why Choose Attorney911 for Your Carbon Hazing Case?

We Speak Your Language – Literally and Culturally:

• Spanish Services Available: Mr. Peña speaks fluent Spanish – “Se habla Español”
• Texas Roots: Deep understanding of Texas families and values
• Small-Town Sensitive: We respect your privacy and community connections

Trial-Ready Approach:
Universities and fraternities know which lawyers will actually go to trial. Our federal court experience and trial record signal we’re ready. This changes how they negotiate from day one.

Comprehensive Defendant Identification:
We don’t just sue the obvious parties. Using public records data, we identify all potentially liable entities:

• Individual members and officers
• Local chapter corporations
• National headquarters
• Housing corporations
• Alumni associations
• University regents and administrators
• Property owners and landlords

Personal Investment in Each Case:
We limit our caseload to ensure each family receives the attention their case deserves. You’ll work directly with experienced attorneys, not paralegals or case managers.

Our Commitment to Carbon Families

We understand that hazing cases involve more than legal claims – they’re about:

• Getting answers about what happened to your child
• Preventing the same thing from happening to others
• Holding institutions accountable despite their resources
• Helping your family heal and move forward
• Respecting your privacy and emotional needs

We’re not just litigation technicians – we’re advocates who care about the human impact of these cases.

Call to Action for Carbon Families: Your Next Steps

If Hazing Has Touched Your Family

Whether you’re in Carbon, Eastland County, or anywhere in Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. The path forward begins with a conversation.

What to Expect in Your Free Consultation:

1. We Listen Without Judgment: Tell us what happened in complete confidence
2. Evidence Review: We’ll look at any photos, messages, or medical records you have
3. Legal Options Explained: We’ll outline all available paths – criminal reporting, civil lawsuit, both, or neither
4. Realistic Assessment: We’ll discuss likely timelines, challenges, and potential outcomes
5. Cost Transparency: We’ll explain our contingency fee structure – no upfront costs
6. No Pressure: Take time to decide what’s right for your family
7. Everything Confidential: Protected by attorney-client privilege

Why Timing Matters:

• Evidence disappears quickly (deleted messages, “lost” records)
• Witnesses graduate or move away
• Universities control narratives through internal processes
• Statutes of limitations continue running
• Early legal guidance prevents critical mistakes

Contact Attorney911 Today

Immediate Help Available:

• 24/7 Emergency Line: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• Direct Office: (713) 528-9070
• Cell: (713) 443-4781
• Email: ralph@atty911.com or lupe@atty911.com
• Website: https://attorney911.com

Spanish Services:

• Hablamos Español – Contact Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com
• Consultas confidenciales disponibles en español

Serving All Texas Families:
From our Houston office, we serve families throughout Texas, including Carbon, Eastland County, and surrounding communities. Distance doesn’t limit our ability to help – we handle cases across the state.

You Have Rights. You Have Options. You Have Hope.

The journey through a hazing case is difficult, but you don’t have to walk it alone. With experienced guidance, you can:

• Understand what really happened
• Preserve crucial evidence before it disappears
• Navigate complex university and legal systems
• Hold the right people and institutions accountable
• Seek compensation for medical costs and other losses
• Help prevent future tragedies
• Find closure and move forward

The first step is the most important. Pick up the phone and call us. Let’s discuss what happened and explore your options together.

Call Attorney911 Now: 1-888-ATTY-911

Plain Text Links to Key Resources

News Coverage of Leonel Bermudez / UH Pi Kappa Phi Case:

• Click2Houston investigation: https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2025/11/21/only-on-2-lawsuit-alleges-severe-hazing-at-university-of-houstons-pi-kappa-phi-chapter-fraternity/
• ABC13 Eyewitness News coverage: https://abc13.com/post/waterboarding-forced-eating-physical-punishment-lawsuit-alleges-abuse-faced-injured-pledge-uhs-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity/18186418/
• Hoodline summary: https://hoodline.com/2025/11/university-of-houston-and-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity-face-10m-lawsuit-over-alleged-hazing-and-abuse/

Attorney911 Educational Videos:

• Using your phone to document evidence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs
• Texas statutes of limitations: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c
• Client mistakes that can ruin your case: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY
• How contingency fees work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc

Attorney911 Main Website:

• Contact and information: https://attorney911.com

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com