IMMEDIATE HELP FOR WILLIS FAMILIES FACING A HAZING CRISIS
If you are a parent in Willis, Texas, and you suspect your child is being hazed or has been injured in a fraternity, sorority, Corps of Cadets, or other campus organization, time is your most critical asset. Evidence disappears within hours—group chats are deleted, witnesses are coached, and institutions move to control the narrative.
🚨 ACT NOW – FOLLOW THESE STEPS:
- IMMEDIATE SAFETY & MEDICAL CARE: If your child is injured, intoxicated, or in danger, call 911 or get them to the nearest emergency room. Conroe or The Woodlands have major medical centers. Your child’s health comes first.
- PRESERVE EVIDENCE BEFORE IT VANISHES:
- SCREENSHOT EVERYTHING: GroupMe, iMessage, WhatsApp, Instagram DMs, Snapchat. Capture full conversations with timestamps and sender names visible.
- PHOTOGRAPH INJURIES: Take clear photos from multiple angles. Place a coin or ruler next to injuries for scale. Take new photos over several days as bruises develop.
- SAVE PHYSICAL ITEMS: Do not wash clothing that has stains, blood, or vomit. Secure any objects used (paddles, bottles, props).
- WRITE IT DOWN: Document everything your child tells you—dates, times, locations, names—while their memory is fresh.
- CONTACT A HAZING ATTORNEY WITHIN 24 HOURS: Call Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911. We provide immediate, emergency legal guidance. We will help you secure evidence, navigate reporting, and protect your child’s rights before the university or fraternity’s lawyers take control.
❌ WHAT NOT TO DO:
- Do NOT let your child delete messages or “clean up” their phone.
- Do NOT confront the fraternity, sorority, or chapter members directly.
- Do NOT sign any documents from the university or an insurance adjuster.
- Do NOT discuss details on public social media.
We are The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, operating as Attorney911, the Legal Emergency Lawyers™. We are Texas-based complex litigation attorneys, and right now, we are leading one of the most serious hazing lawsuits in the state. We serve families throughout Texas, including right here in Willis, Montgomery County, and across the Greater Houston region. This guide is written for you—to give you the knowledge, context, and resources you need during an unimaginably difficult time.
A Parent’s Nightmare: Hazing Hits Close to Home in Texas
Imagine getting a call in the middle of the night. Your child, a student at a Texas university, is in the hospital. Their urine is brown. They are diagnosed with life-threatening kidney failure caused by severe muscle breakdown. This wasn’t a random accident; it was the result of a calculated series of humiliations and brutal physical trials—a “pledge process” that crossed every line into abuse.
This is not a hypothetical scenario. This is exactly what happened to Leonel Bermudez, a student at the University of Houston (UH) and a pledge of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity’s Beta Nu chapter in fall 2025.
Our firm, Attorney911, represents Leonel in a multi-million dollar lawsuit against UH, the Pi Kappa Phi national headquarters, the chapter’s housing corporation, and 13 individual fraternity leaders. The allegations, detailed in reports from Click2Houston and ABC13, describe a harrowing pattern:
- Humiliation: A “pledge fanny pack” filled with condoms, sex toys, and nicotine devices, required to be worn at all times.
- Psychological Control: Enforced dress codes, hours-long “study blocks,” overnight chauffeuring duties, and constant threats of expulsion.
- Physical Torture: Sprints, bear crawls, and “save-your-brother” drills. Being sprayed in the face with a hose “similar to waterboarding.” Forced consumption of milk, hot dogs, and peppercorns until vomiting, followed by immediate sprints.
- Extreme Endurance: A November 3rd “workout” involving over 100 push-ups and 500 squats under threat of being “cut.”
- Catastrophic Injury: This culminated in rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown) and acute kidney failure for Leonel, requiring a four-day hospitalization with critically high creatine kinase levels and risking permanent organ damage.
The chapter was swiftly suspended by its nationals and voted to surrender its charter. UH called the conduct “deeply disturbing.” But for the victim and his family, the physical and psychological trauma remains.
For parents in Willis, this case is a stark warning. The universities where your children aspire to learn—UT Austin, Texas A&M, Sam Houston State in Huntsville, or others across the state—host complex Greek ecosystems where tradition can morph into torture. A student from Willis can be injured in Houston, College Station, or Austin, and you need to know that Texas law provides a path to accountability, and that experienced Texas counsel can help you navigate it.
This guide is for you. We will explain what modern hazing truly looks like, break down the Texas legal framework, show how national patterns repeat here, and provide a clear, practical path forward for families in crisis.
Hazing in 2025: It’s Not Just “Boys Will Be Boys”
Hazing has evolved far beyond crude stereotypes. It is a calculated misuse of power, leveraging a desire for belonging to coerce dangerous, degrading, and often illegal acts. For Willis families, understanding this modern reality is the first step in recognizing it.
The Legal Definition in Texas
Under Texas Education Code Chapter 37, hazing is any intentional, knowing, or reckless act directed against a student for the purpose of initiation, affiliation, or maintaining membership in a group that:
- Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of the student.
Crucially, the law states that consent of the victim is not a defense. The location also does not matter—it can occur on-campus, at an off-campus house, or at a remote retreat. The conduct is what counts.
The Three Tiers of Modern Hazing
1. Subtle Hazing (The “Gateway”)
These acts establish power imbalance and normalize control, often disguised as “tradition” or “team building.” Willis students might describe:
- Servitude: Being on-call 24/7 for errands, cleaning, or designated driving.
- Social Isolation: Being cut off from non-member friends or requiring permission for social activities.
- Digital Control: Mandatory 24/7 monitoring of group chats (GroupMe, Discord) with immediate response demands.
- Deprivation: Sleep disruption, strict dress codes, being assigned degrading nicknames.
2. Harassment Hazing (Escalation)
This causes clear emotional or physical distress and creates a hostile environment.
- Verbal Abuse: Yelling, screaming, derogatory name-calling, threats.
- Forced Consumption: Eating excessive amounts of bland food (milk, bread, hot dogs) or unpleasant substances.
- Strenuous Activity: “Smokings” or extreme calisthenics framed as “conditioning.”
- Public Humiliation: Forced embarrassing performances or wearing degrading costumes in public.
3. Violent Hazing (Life-Threatening)
These acts have a high potential for catastrophic injury or death—the patterns seen in national headlines and in the UH Pi Kappa Phi case.
- Forced/Coerced Alcohol Consumption: “Big/Little” nights, “family tree” or “Bible study” drinking games, lineups, keg stands. This is the leading cause of hazing deaths nationwide.
- Physical Assault: Paddling, beatings, “glass ceiling” tackling rituals, forced fights.
- Sexualized Hazing: Forced nudity, simulated sexual acts, sexual assault.
- Dangerous Environments: Exposure to extreme cold/heat, kidnapping, restraint, chemical exposure (like the industrial cleaner burns in the Texas A&M SAE case).
Where Hazing Happens
While fraternities and sororities are often the focus, hazing permeates other groups with power dynamics and tradition:
- Corps of Cadets (especially at Texas A&M)
- Athletic Teams (from football to cheerleading)
- Marching Bands and Performance Groups
- Spirit Organizations (like Texas Cowboys or Hogwarts)
- Academic or Cultural Clubs
The common thread is not the type of group, but the abuse of power in the name of “earning” membership.
Texas Law & Liability: A Framework for Accountability
When hazing occurs, multiple layers of law can come into play. For Willis families, understanding this framework is key to knowing who can be held responsible.
Texas Criminal Hazing Law (Education Code Chapter 37)
- Class B Misdemeanor: Basic hazing (up to 180 days jail, $2,000 fine).
- Class A Misdemeanor: Hazing that causes injury requiring medical treatment.
- State Jail Felony: Hazing that causes serious bodily injury or death.
- Individual Liability: Members or officers who fail to report hazing they are aware of can also face misdemeanor charges.
- Immunity: The law protects those who in good faith report hazing or call for medical help, even if they were involved.
Civil Liability: The Path to Compensation and Accountability
A criminal case is brought by the state to punish. A civil lawsuit, which our firm handles, is brought by victims and families to recover damages and force institutional change. The two can proceed simultaneously. In a civil hazing case, we look to hold every responsible party accountable, which can include:
- The Individual Perpetrators: The members who planned, carried out, or covered up the hazing.
- The Local Chapter: As an organized entity, it can be sued for negligent supervision and creating a dangerous environment.
- The National Fraternity/Sorority Headquarters: Often the deepest pocket. We argue they had foreseeable knowledge of hazing risks due to patterns at other chapters and failed to enforce their own policies or supervise effectively.
- The University: Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) have some sovereign immunity, but can be liable for gross negligence or deliberate indifference. Did they have prior warnings about this chapter? Did they enforce their policies? Private schools (like SMU, Baylor) have fewer immunity barriers.
- Housing Corporations & Property Owners: Entities that own or control the houses where hazing occurs.
- Third Parties: Bars that overserve alcohol (Dram Shop liability), security companies, or retreat venues.
Federal Laws Overlaying Texas Cases
- The Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): Requires colleges receiving federal aid to increase transparency in hazing reporting and prevention by 2026.
- Title IX: If hazing involves sexual harassment or gender-based discrimination, it triggers the university’s Title IX obligations.
- Clery Act: Requires reporting of certain crimes, including assaults and alcohol/drug violations that often accompany hazing.
The goal of civil litigation is not just financial recovery for medical bills, trauma, and lost potential, but also to force the systemic changes that university admonishments often fail to achieve.
National Hazing Cases: The Patterns That Repeat in Texas
The tragedy at UH is not an isolated event. It is part of a national pattern that Texas parents must understand. These landmark cases show how hazing operates, how institutions fail, and what legal recourse can achieve.
- Stone Foltz, Bowling Green State University (Pi Kappa Alpha, 2021): Pledge died from alcohol poisoning after being forced to drink a bottle of whiskey. Result: Multiple criminal convictions. A $10+ million settlement with the national fraternity and university. The chapter president was ordered to pay $6.5 million personally.
- Timothy Piazza, Penn State (Beta Theta Pi, 2017): Died from traumatic brain injuries after a bid-acceptance night of forced drinking; brothers delayed calling 911. Result: Dozens of criminal charges. Spurred Pennsylvania’s “Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law.”
- Max Gruver, LSU (Phi Delta Theta, 2017): Died from alcohol poisoning after a “Bible study” drinking game. Result: Felony convictions. Louisiana passed the “Max Gruver Act,” making hazing a felony. A $6.1 million civil verdict for his family.
- Andrew Coffey, Florida State (Pi Kappa Phi, 2017): Died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother” event. Result: Chapter closed, FSU suspended all Greek life.
- Danny Santulli, University of Missouri (Phi Gamma Delta, 2021): Suffered permanent, catastrophic brain damage from forced drinking. Result: Multiple criminal charges. Confidential multi-million dollar settlements with 22 defendants to fund his lifelong 24/7 care.
What This Means for Willis Families: These cases prove that hazing deaths and catastrophic injuries are foreseeable and preventable. They show that national fraternities often know the risks but fail to adequately police their chapters. They demonstrate that juries and courts will hold organizations financially accountable, with settlements and verdicts in the millions to tens of millions of dollars. When we investigate a hazing case at a Texas school, we use these national patterns to establish that the defendants should have known better.
Texas University Focus: Where Willis Families Send Their Kids
Willis is in Montgomery County, part of the Greater Houston region. Our families have strong ties to universities across the state, from the flagship campuses to regional schools. Here is what you need to know about hazing landscapes at key Texas institutions.
University of Houston (UH) – A Stark Local Example
Relevance to Willis: A short drive down I-45, UH is a major destination for local students. The Leonel Bermudez Pi Kappa Phi case is your local proof that severe, litigation-grade hazing happens here.
- Greek Life Scope: Over 30 fraternities and sororities across four councils (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, MGC).
- Key Incident: The 2025 Pi Kappa Phi (Beta Nu) case, as detailed above, is the most severe recent example, alleging systemic abuse leading to kidney failure.
- Historical Context: Prior incidents include a 2016 Pi Kappa Alpha case where a pledge suffered a lacerated spleen.
- Legal Venue: A hazing lawsuit from a UH incident would typically be filed in Harris County District Court. Our Houston-based firm is deeply familiar with this venue.
Sam Houston State University (Huntsville) – In Your Backyard
Relevance to Willis: Located just 40 minutes north in Huntsville, SHSU is perhaps the most direct local campus for many Willis families.
- Greek Life Scope: Active fraternity and sorority community with both national and local organizations.
- Institutional Awareness: SHSU, like all Texas public universities, is subject to Chapter 37 hazing laws and the Stop Campus Hazing Act. Parents should familiarize themselves with SHSU’s specific student conduct policy and reporting channels for hazing.
- Practical Note: Incidents here would involve the Huntsville/Walker County jurisdiction, but the legal principles and strategies remain consistent statewide.
Texas A&M University (College Station) – Tradition and Risk
Relevance to Willis: Many Texas families, including those in Willis, aim for Aggieland. Its unique Corps of Cadets and robust Greek life present specific hazing risks.
- Greek Life Scope: One of the nation’s largest Greek communities, with over 60 chapters.
- Corps of Cadets: Has faced repeated hazing allegations, including a 2023 lawsuit alleging cadets were bound in a “roasted pig” position with an apple in their mouth.
- Key Greek Incident: A Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) lawsuit alleged pledges were doused with industrial-strength cleaner, causing severe chemical burns requiring skin grafts. The chapter was suspended.
- Legal Context: Civil cases may be filed in Brazos County. The university’s sovereign immunity as a public institution is a factor, but not an absolute barrier, especially in cases of gross negligence.
University of Texas at Austin – Transparency and Patterns
Relevance to Willis: UT Austin is a premier destination. It also leads in one area: public transparency of hazing violations.
- Public Log: UT maintains a searchable online Hazing Violations page. This is a powerful tool for parents and attorneys.
- Documented Cases: The log shows repeated violations. For example:
- Pi Kappa Alpha (2023): New members forced to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics. Sanction: Probation.
- Texas Wranglers (2023): Required strenuous workouts as punishment. Sanction: Probation.
- The Pattern: This public record is evidence that UT and these organizations knew or should have known about hazing risks, strengthening future civil claims.
Southern Methodist University (SMU) & Baylor University
- SMU (Dallas): A private university with a prominent Greek system. Has suspended chapters, like Kappa Alpha Order in 2017 for paddling and forced drinking. Private status means less sovereign immunity.
- Baylor (Waco): A private, faith-based institution. Has faced hazing issues within its baseball program (2020 suspension of 14 players). Its history with institutional response to crisis is a known factor.
For Willis Parents: No matter which campus your child attends, the playbook is similar. Organizations test boundaries, universities often react minimally until crisis strikes, and students get hurt. Your vigilance and willingness to act are critical.
The Greek Ecosystem: Tracking the Organizations Behind the Letters
When hazing occurs, it’s not just “a few bad apples.” It’s often a failure of an entire system. At Attorney911, we don’t just take a client’s word—we investigate the entire organizational backbone. We maintain a Texas Hazing Intelligence Engine, built from public records, to identify every entity with potential liability.
A Snapshot of the Texas Greek Universe (From Public Records)
Our data tracks over 1,400 Greek-related organizations across 25 Texas metros. For the Greater Houston area, which includes Willis, public records show a dense network:
- Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land Metro: 188+ Greek organizations.
- Examples from IRS Filings (B83):
- PI KAPPA ALPHA FRATERNITY, EIN: 746064445, NEDERLAND, TX 77627
- TEXAS DISTRICT OF PI KAPPA ALPHA FRATERNITY (Cause IQ listing), Houston, TX
- SIGMA GAMMA RHO SORORITY – BETA SIGMA CHAPTER, Houston, TX
- ALPHA KAPPA ALPHA SORORITY – ALPHA KAPPA OMEGA (Graduate Chapter), Houston, TX
This illustrates a critical point: behind every social chapter on campus, there are often legally registered entities—house corporations, alumni chapters, educational foundations—that may hold insurance, own property, and share liability.
National Histories Matter: Pattern Evidence
In litigation, we use the national history of a fraternity to prove “foreseeability.” If a Pi Kappa Phi chapter at UH engages in forced drinking, we point to Andrew Coffey’s death at FSU. If a Sigma Alpha Epsilon chapter at Texas A&M uses chemicals, we cite their national pattern of injuries. This evidence shatters the defense that “we didn’t know this could happen.”
Major Nationals with Documented Hazing Patterns Present at Texas Schools:
- Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike): Stone Foltz death (BGSU). Present at UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor.
- Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE): Multiple deaths nationwide; chemical burn case at Texas A&M. Present at UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU.
- Pi Kappa Phi: Andrew Coffey death (FSU); Leonel Bermudez case (UH). Present at UH, Texas A&M, UT.
- Phi Delta Theta: Max Gruver death (LSU). Present at Texas A&M, UT, Baylor.
- Kappa Alpha Order: Hazing suspensions at multiple schools, including SMU.
When we represent you, we don’t just look at the single incident. We build a case that shows how the national organization, the local chapter, and the university ignored a predictable and preventable pattern of abuse.
Building a Hazing Case: Evidence, Damages, and Our Strategy
Taking on a national fraternity and a major university is a complex fight. They have deep pockets, experienced defense firms, and sophisticated insurance carriers. At Attorney911, we are built for this fight. Here’s how we approach it.
The Evidence That Wins Cases
Evidence disappears faster than ever. Our immediate action plan focuses on preservation:
- Digital Forensics: Group chats (GroupMe, WhatsApp), deleted texts, social media DMs and stories. We work with experts to recover what’s been erased.
- Chapter and University Records: Through litigation discovery, we obtain internal chapter emails, pledge manuals, risk management reports, and the university’s prior conduct files on the organization.
- Medical Documentation: ER records, lab tests (like CK levels for rhabdomyolysis), psychiatric evaluations for PTSD. We ensure the medical narrative directly links to the hazing events.
- Witness Testimony: Other pledges, former members, roommates, neighbors. We secure statements early before solidarity walls go up.
We have a detailed video on using your phone to document evidence that every parent and student should watch.
The Damages We Fight to Recover
Hazing causes profound, lifelong harm. We quantify every layer:
- Economic Damages: All medical bills (emergency, hospitalization, ongoing therapy), future medical care, lost wages, diminished earning capacity if injuries are permanent.
- Non-Economic Damages: Physical pain, emotional trauma, humiliation, loss of enjoyment of life, PTSD.
- Wrongful Death Damages (if applicable): Funeral costs, loss of financial support, loss of companionship, and the family’s emotional anguish.
- Punitive Damages: In egregious cases, to punish the defendants and deter future conduct.
Our Legal and Strategic Advantages
This is where our specific experience becomes your advantage.
- Insider Insurance Knowledge (Mr. Lupe Peña): Mr. Peña (he/him) spent years as an insurance defense attorney for a national firm. He knows exactly how fraternity and university insurers will try to deny, delay, and undervalue your claim. We know their playbook because we used to run it.
- Complex Institutional Litigation (Ralph Manginello): Our firm was one of the few involved in the BP Texas City explosion litigation. We have no fear of taking on billion-dollar defendants with unlimited legal budgets. Universities and national fraternities are similar institutional giants.
- Dual Civil/Criminal Expertise: Ralph’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) means we understand the criminal hazing process, which often runs parallel to civil cases. We can advise clients and witnesses on both fronts.
- Data-Driven Investigation: We use our Texas Hazing Intelligence Engine to map the entire liable organizational structure from day one. We don’t start from scratch.
Our goal is not a quick, lowball settlement. It is full accountability and compensation that reflects the true, lifelong cost of the harm done to your child.
Practical Guides for Willis Parents, Students, and Witnesses
For Parents: Warning Signs and Action Steps
Red Flags Your Child May Be Being Hazed:
- Unexplained injuries (bruises, burns, limping).
- Extreme fatigue, sleep deprivation, or drastic weight change.
- Sudden secrecy about group activities; anxiety around phone notifications.
- Personality shifts: withdrawal, depression, anger, or defensiveness about the organization.
- Constant need for money with vague explanations (for “fines,” alcohol, etc.).
Your 48-Hour Action Plan:
- Prioritize Health: Get medical attention for any injury or intoxication.
- Preserve Evidence: Help your child screenshot ALL digital communications. Photograph injuries. Secure physical items.
- Document: Write down everything your child says with dates, times, and names.
- Seek Legal Counsel: Call us at 1-888-ATTY-911 before reporting to the university. We can help you navigate the process to protect your child’s rights and case.
- Avoid Common Pitfalls: Do not confront the group, sign university forms, or post on social media.
For Students: Is This Hazing? How to Get Out Safely.
If you feel pressured, unsafe, or humiliated to belong, it’s likely hazing. “Consent” under pressure is not real consent in the eyes of Texas law.
- Your Safety is Paramount: If you are in danger, call 911.
- You Can Leave: You have the legal right to quit any organization at any time. Send a clear, written resignation (email/text) to the chapter president.
- Report Safely: You can report anonymously through university channels or the National Anti-Hazing Hotline at 1-888-NOT-HAZE. Texas law offers immunity for good-faith reporting.
- Preserve Evidence: Take screenshots, photos, and notes. You can share these with an attorney confidentially.
Critical Mistakes That Can Ruin a Potential Case
We detail this in our video on client mistakes, but key errors include:
- Deleting digital evidence.
- Confronting the fraternity/sorority before speaking with a lawyer.
- Signing a university “resolution” agreement that waives your right to sue.
- Delaying action, allowing the statute of limitations to creep closer. Learn about Texas timelines in our statute of limitations video.
Why Willis Families Choose Attorney911 for Hazing Cases
When your family is in crisis, you need more than a lawyer; you need advocates who combine deep legal expertise with genuine compassion and a fierce will to win. From our offices in Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, we serve families across Texas, including right here in Willis and Montgomery County.
We are currently leading the charge in Texas hazing litigation with the Leonel Bermudez v. UH & Pi Kappa Phi case. We are not theorists; we are in the fight right now against a major university and a national fraternity. We understand the tactics, the defenses, and the emotional toll.
Our promise is straightforward:
- Immediate Response: We are the Legal Emergency Lawyers™. We answer our phones and provide urgent guidance.
- Contingency Fee Basis: You pay nothing unless we win your case. Learn how this works in our contingency fee video.
- Insider’s Advantage: Mr. Lupe Peña’s defense background gives us an edge in dealing with insurance companies.
- Comprehensive Investigation: We use our data engine and network of experts to build an unshakeable case.
- Spanish-Language Services: Se habla español. Mr. Peña provides fluent Spanish-language legal counsel.
Your Next Step: A Confidential, No-Obligation Consultation
If hazing has impacted your family, you are not alone. The path forward begins with a conversation.
Contact Attorney911 Today:
- 24/7 Emergency Line: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
- Direct Line: (713) 528-9070
- Email: ralph@atty911.com OR lupe@atty911.com (for Spanish)
- Website: https://attorney911.com
We will listen to your story, review any evidence you have, explain your legal options in clear terms, and help you make the best decision for your family’s future and your child’s healing. All consultations are completely confidential and free of charge.
Let us help you turn a moment of crisis into a journey toward accountability, justice, and prevention for others.
Plain Text Links to Key Resources
News Coverage of the UH Pi Kappa Phi Case:
- Click2Houston Investigation:
https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2025/11/21/only-on-2-lawsuit-alleges-severe-hazing-at-university-of-houstons-pi-kappa-phi-chapter-fraternity/ - ABC13 Coverage:
https://abc13.com/post/waterboarding-forced-eating-physical-punishment-lawsuit-alleges-abuse-faced-injured-pledge-uhs-pi-kappa-phi-fraternity/18186418/
Attorney911 Educational Videos:
- Documenting Evidence with Your Phone:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs - Texas Statutes of Limitations:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c - Client Mistakes to Avoid:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY - How Contingency Fees Work:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc
Firm Website & Contact:
- Main Website & Contact Form:
https://attorney911.com
Legal Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Reading this does not create an attorney-client relationship. Each case is unique, and outcomes depend on specific facts. If you need legal assistance, please contact The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC (Attorney911) directly for a consultation.
