Navigating the Shadows: A Comprehensive Guide to Hazing in Arkansas – Protecting Our Students and Seeking Justice with Attorney911

The crisp evening air of Arkansas, often filled with anticipation and the promise of growth, can sometimes harbor a darker truth. Imagine a student, perhaps from Little Rock or Fayetteville, eagerly anticipating their new college experience. They’ve found a group that promises camaraderie and belonging—a fraternity, a sorority, a beloved athletic team, or even a spirit organization. The initial excitement is palpable, but as the initiation rites begin, a subtle shift occurs. What started as lighthearted camaraderie curdles into something demeaning, then physically grueling, and eventually, life-threatening. They are pressured to drink beyond their limits, endure grueling physical challenges, or participate in humiliating acts. Others are filming on phones, chanting, laughing, as the student’s inner voice screams to stop. Someone gets hurt—falls, vomits, collapses—but a chilling silence descends. Nobody wants to call 911, afraid of “getting the chapter shut down” or “getting in trouble.” The student feels trapped, torn between loyalty to the group and their own safety.

This isn’t just a hypothetical scenario. It’s a reality that can unfold at any Texas university where Arkansas families send their children, just as it can in Arkansas’s own higher education institutions. Hazing, in its myriad forms, remains a pervasive and dangerous issue on college campuses nationwide, including those frequently chosen by families from Little Rock, Fort Smith, and other communities across Arkansas. This comprehensive guide from Attorney911, your Legal Emergency Lawyers™, is designed to empower parents, students, and families in Arkansas with the knowledge and resources needed to understand what hazing truly looks like in 2025, the legal frameworks in place, and how to seek justice and accountability when the unthinkable happens.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
    • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
    • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity/sorority
    • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
    • Post details on public social media
    • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
  • Universities move quickly to control the narrative
  • We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like

For Arkansas families, understanding hazing today requires moving beyond outdated stereotypes. Hazing is no longer just about lighthearted pranks or goofy initiation rituals. Modern hazing methods are insidious, often psychologically damaging, and can escalate rapidly into life-threatening situations. It’s defined as any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, and occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students. It’s a dangerous game played under the guise of “tradition,” where the desire for belonging is weaponized.

We emphasize that “I agreed to it” does not automatically make the activity safe or legal. In environments rife with peer pressure, power imbalances, and implicit threats, true consent is often impossible. The law, and basic human decency, recognizes that a student’s desire to fit in should never be exploited to the point of endangering their well-being.

Main Categories of Hazing

Hazing manifests in various forms, each designed to assert dominance and test loyalty. Parents and students from Arkansas must be aware of how these categories overlap and escalate.

• Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This is a tragically common and often fatal form of hazing. It involves forced or coerced drinking, where pledges are expected to consume excessive amounts of alcohol in dangerous games or rituals. “Lineups,” chugging challenges, or “bottle exchanges” linked to “Big/Little” reveal nights are infamous examples. Students may also be pressured to consume unknown substances, leading to unpredictable and deadly consequences.
• Physical Hazing: Brutality disguises itself as “toughening up” or “bonding.” This includes direct physical abuse like paddling and beatings, but also extreme calisthenics or “smokings” that push individuals beyond safe physical limits, often leading to rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure, as in the Leonel Bermudez case. Other forms include sleep deprivation, food or water deprivation, or exposure to harsh environmental conditions.
• Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: These acts are designed to degrade and control. They can involve forced nudity, simulated sexual acts, or the infamous “elephant walk” or “roasted pig” positions. Hazing rituals often involve racial, ethnic, homophobic, or sexist slurs and role-playing, inflicting deep psychological wounds.
• Psychological Hazing: This category inflicts emotional and mental distress. It includes verbal abuse, threats, forced social isolation, constant yelling, and public shaming. The relentless pressure and fear can lead to severe anxiety, depression, and even suicidal ideation.
• Digital/Online Hazing: In the age of constant connectivity, hazing has evolved to exploit digital platforms. Group chats on GroupMe, WhatsApp, or Discord become tools for constant surveillance, dares, and public humiliation via Instagram, Snapchat, or TikTok. Students are pressured to create or share compromising images or videos, or participate in degrading online “challenges.” This creates a non-stop, inescapable cycle of control.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

It’s a misconception that hazing is limited to “frat boys.” While fraternities and sororities (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, multicultural) are frequently associated with hazing incidents, the problem extends far beyond Greek life. Students in Arkansas planning to join any campus organization should be vigilant:

• Corps of Cadets / ROTC / Military-Style Groups: Organizations emphasizing tradition and discipline can sometimes blur the lines between legitimate training and abusive initiation. The Texas A&M Corps of Cadets, with its proud history, has faced scrutiny over hazing allegations.
• Spirit Squads, Tradition Clubs: These groups, central to campus pride, are not immune. Traditions can morph into hazing, as seen with some spirit organizations or campus “secret societies.”
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to baseball and cheerleading, hazing can be prevalent. The desire for team unity can be twisted into abusive rituals that involve physical endurance tests, forced consumption, or humiliation.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly benign groups can harbor hazing. “Band hazing” has resulted in significant injuries and even deaths, showing that no organization is inherently safe.
• Some Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: Any group with a “new member” or “initiation” period is susceptible. The allure of belonging can be exploited, making students vulnerable to coercive tactics.

The common thread across all these environments is how social status, adherence to tradition, and a code of secrecy keep these dangerous practices alive, even when all participants are ostensibly aware that hazing is strictly prohibited by university policies and state laws. Especially for students from Arkansas who might leave home for a larger university, understanding that this culture extends beyond typical “frat” stereotypes is crucial.

Law & Liability Framework (Texas + Federal)

For families in Arkansas, understanding the legal landscape of hazing at the university their child attends is paramount. While some families may believe that reporting to the university is sufficient, real accountability and compensation often require navigating complex legal channels.

Texas Hazing Law Basics (Education Code)

Under Texas law—which applies to all public and private universities within the state, where many Arkansas families send their children—hazing is formally defined in the Texas Education Code, Chapter 37, Subchapter F. This definition clearly broadens hazing beyond mere pranks:

Hazing is any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, and occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students.

Crucially, “consent” is not a defense in Texas to hazing because legislators and courts recognize the inherent power imbalance and coercion involved.

• Criminal Penalties: Hazing can lead to severe criminal charges. By default, it’s a Class B Misdemeanor. However, if the hazing causes injury requiring medical attention, it escalates to a Class A Misdemeanor. Most critically, if the hazing results in serious bodily injury or death, it is classified as a State Jail Felony. Furthermore, individuals who are aware of hazing and fail to report it can face misdemeanor charges, and retaliating against a reporter is also a misdemeanor.
• Organizational Liability: Beyond individual members, the organizations themselves (fraternities, sororities, clubs) can be held criminally liable if they authorized or encouraged hazing, or if an officer knew about it and failed to report. Penalties for organizations include fines up to \section{Hazing in Arkansas: A Comprehensive Guide for Families}
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The tranquility of Arkansas homes, from Little Rock’s vibrant downtown to Fayetteville’s scenic hills, often belies the hidden dangers students from our state can face when they leave for college. Imagine a typical Arkansas student, perhaps from Jonesboro or Conway, stepping onto a university campus, full of dreams and eager to find their community. They join a group—a fraternity, a sorority, an athletic team, or even a spirit organization—promising belonging and camaraderie. Initially, the excitement is exhilarating, but as initiation rites unfold, a sinister shift occurs. What began as seemingly innocent traditions transforms into demeaning tasks, then physically grueling challenges, and ultimately, life-threatening scenarios.

The student is pressured to consume excessive alcohol, endure extreme physical exertion, or perform humiliating acts designed to break their spirit. While others might film these moments, chanting or laughing, a chilling silence overtakes them when someone inevitably gets hurt—collapsing, vomiting, or falling unconscious. Nobody dares call 911, paralyzed by fear of “getting the chapter shut down” or “getting in trouble.” Trapped between loyalty to the group and their own rapidly diminishing safety, the student’s inner voice screams for help that never comes.

This isn’t a distant problem; it’s a stark reality faced by students from Arkansas attending universities across the nation, and even within our own state. Hazing, in its modern and often insidious forms, continues to plague college campuses. This comprehensive guide from Attorney911, your Legal Emergency Lawyers™, is specifically curated for parents, students, and families in Arkansas. Our goal is to equip you with the knowledge and resources necessary to understand contemporary hazing practices, the legal protections available, and how to seek justice and accountability when these dangerous rituals shatter lives.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
    • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
    • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity/sorority
    • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
    • Post details on public social media
    • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
  • Universities move quickly to control the narrative
  • We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

2. Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like

For Arkansas families, understanding contemporary hazing means moving beyond traditional notions of harmless pranks or lighthearted rites of passage. Modern hazing rituals are often cunningly designed, deeply psychologically manipulative, and carry a high risk of severe injury or even death. The core definition remains: any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, and occurs for the explicit purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any student organization.

It’s critical to understand that a student’s “agreement” to participate rarely constitutes true consent in a legally meaningful way. In environments characterized by immense peer pressure, significant power imbalances, and implicit or explicit threats of social exclusion, an individual’s choice is severely compromised. Both legal and ethical standards recognize that the desperate desire for acceptance and belonging should never be exploited to jeopardize a student’s fundamental well-being.

Main Categories of Hazing

Hazing manifests across a spectrum of behaviors, all designed to create an artificial hierarchy and enforce conformity. Arkansas students and their families should be acutely aware of these categories, which often intertwine and escalate into dangerous spirals.

• Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This is arguably the most common and deadliest form of hazing. It involves direct or indirect pressure to consume excessive amounts of alcohol or other substances. Infamous practices include “lineups” where drinks are rapidly consumed, drinking games that punish incorrect answers with forced alcohol, or “bottle exchanges” on “Big/Little” reveal nights. The consumption of unknown, rapidly consumed, or mixed substances carries immense, unpredictable risks.
• Physical Hazing: This category spans from enduring brutal beatings and paddling to forced, extreme calisthenics or “smokings” far beyond normal athletic conditioning. Sleep deprivation, food or water restriction, and exposure to harsh environmental conditions (cold, heat) are also common. These acts, often masked as “tough love” or “team building,” can lead to severe injuries such as rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure or fatal exhaustion.
• Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: Designed to strip individuals of dignity and foster dependency, these acts can involve forced nudity or partial nudity, simulated sexual acts like the “elephant walk” or “roasted pig” positions, and being coerced into wearing degrading costumes. These rituals often incorporate racial, ethnic, homophobic, or sexist slurs and role-playing, leaving deep and lasting psychological scars.
• Psychological Hazing: This form of abuse targets the mental and emotional well-being of the student. It includes relentless verbal abuse, incessant threats, forced social isolation, constant yelling, and public shaming. The sustained pressure, constant intimidation, and pervasive fear can trigger severe anxiety, clinical depression, and, tragically, suicidal ideation.
• Digital/Online Hazing (a modern evolution): In our hyper-connected world, hazing has expanded into the digital realm. Group chats on platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, or Discord are used for constant surveillance, issuing demanding tasks, or orchestrating acts of public humiliation via Instagram stories, Snapchat, or TikTok challenges. Students may be pressured to create or share compromising images or videos, or participate in degrading online “challenges.” This creates an omnipresent, inescapable cycle of control, blurring the lines between online and offline abuse.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

The outdated image of hazing as solely a “frat boy” problem is a dangerous misconception. While fraternities and sororities, across all councils (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, multicultural), are frequently implicated, hazing permeates a much broader array of student organizations. Students from Arkansas, whether staying in-state or venturing out, must be vigilant, as hazing can occur in:

• Corps of Cadets / ROTC / Military-Style Groups: Organizations built on tradition, hierarchy, and strict discipline can sometimes see legitimate training exercises devolve into abusive initiation rituals. This is a known concern at some institutions.
• Spirit Squads, Tradition Clubs: Even groups central to campus pride and often perceived as wholesome, such as cheer teams, dance squads, or long-standing campus spirit organizations, can develop harmful hazing traditions.
• Athletic Teams: Hazing can be particularly prevalent across all levels of collegiate sports, from football and basketball to baseball, soccer, and even individual sports. The intense desire for team unity and the culture of “earning your place” can be twisted into abusive practices involving physical endurance, forced consumption, or public humiliation.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Surprisingly to some, even marching bands, theater groups, and other performing arts ensembles have been found to harbor hazing practices. “Band hazing” has tragically led to serious injuries and fatalities, demonstrating that seemingly benign organizations are not inherently immune.
• Some Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: Any group that incorporates a “new member” or “initiation” period is susceptible. The allure of belonging and contributing to a respected cause can be perverted, making new members vulnerable to coercive and harmful tactics.

The insidious nature of hazing is amplified by the fact that secrecy, tradition, and a powerful social hierarchy often conspire to keep these practices hidden, even when every participant inherently knows that such behavior is strictly forbidden by university policies and, more importantly, by law. This widespread prevalence underscores why families in Arkansas need to educate themselves thoroughly, regardless of the type of organization their student chooses to join.

3. Law & Liability Framework (Arkansas + Federal)

For Arkansas families, understanding the specific legal framework surrounding hazing is vital, especially given that hazing is a crime in our state. Beyond criminal prosecution, victims and their families often have recourse through civil lawsuits to seek accountability and compensation.

Arkansas Hazing Law Basics

Arkansas has a specific state law, the Arkansas Hazing Criminal Offense Act (ACA § 6-5-201 et seq.), that directly addresses hazing. This law provides a clear definition and outlines criminal penalties for those who engage in or fail to report hazing.

Arkansas law defines hazing as:
Any willful act, occurring on or off the campus of a public school or public institution of higher education, directed by one (1) student acting alone or with others, against any other student, and done for the purpose of pledging or being initiated into or affiliated with, or being conditionally associated with, any public school or public institution of higher education fraternity, sorority, association, or other organization whose members are or include students. The term does not include customary athletic events or similar contests or competitions.

Crucially, ACA § 6-5-204 explicitly states that consent of the victim is not a defense to a charge arising from a hazing incident if the hazing results in serious bodily injury or death. This reflects the understanding that in coercive environments, true consent cannot be freely given.

• Criminal Penalties: Arkansas law classifies hazing as a serious offense.
  • An act of hazing that results in serious bodily injury is a Class A misdemeanor.
  • An act of hazing that results in the death of a student is a Class D felony.
  • Furthermore, any student or official who has actual knowledge of an impending hazing activity and intentionally fails to report it to the appropriate school official may be guilty of a Class B misdemeanor. This underscores the legal responsibility to intervene and report.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases

It’s important for Arkansas families to distinguish between criminal and civil legal actions, which can often run concurrently.

• Criminal Cases: These are brought by the state of Arkansas (through a prosecutor’s office) against individuals accused of violating hazing laws. The primary aim is punishment, which can include fines, jail time, or probation. In a hazing context, additional criminal charges might include assault, battery, furnishing alcohol to minors, or even manslaughter or negligent homicide in cases of severe injury or death.
• Civil Cases: These are initiated by the victims of hazing (or their surviving family members in wrongful death cases) to seek monetary compensation and other forms of accountability from those responsible. Civil cases focus on establishing fault through legal theories such as negligence, gross negligence, wrongful death, negligent supervision, or premises liability.

A critical point for Arkansas families is that a criminal conviction is not a prerequisite for pursuing a civil case. The burden of proof in civil court is lower, making it possible to succeed in a civil claim even if criminal charges are not filed or do not result in a conviction.

Federal Overlay: Stop Campus Hazing Act, Title IX, Clery

Beyond state laws, several federal regulations and acts provide additional layers of protection and mandates for universities, impacting students from Arkansas.

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This significant federal legislation mandates that institutions receiving federal funding must publicly report hazing violations and enact comprehensive hazing education and prevention programs. This move aims to increase transparency and accountability, with full implementation expected by 2026.
• Title IX: If hazing involves elements of sexual harassment, sexual assault, or gender-based discrimination, it falls under Title IX. This federal law prohibits sex-based discrimination in education and mandates that universities investigate and address such allegations promptly and effectively.
• Clery Act: The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act requires colleges and universities to disclose information about campus crime and safety policies. Hazing incidents, particularly those involving assault, alcohol-related offenses, or other crimes, often trigger Clery Act reporting requirements, contributing to overall campus safety transparency.

Who Can Be Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit

For an Arkansas family navigating the aftermath of a hazing incident, identifying all potentially liable parties is crucial for seeking comprehensive justice.

• Individual Students: Those directly involved in orchestrating or participating in the hazing acts can be held personally responsible. This includes those who planned the events, supplied dangerous substances, carried out physical abuse, or attempted to cover up the incident.
• Local Chapter/Organization: The specific fraternity, sorority, club, or team itself, if it operates as a legal entity, can be a defendant. This extends to organizational leaders, “pledge educators,” and other officers who had a duty to ensure member safety.
• National Fraternity/Sorority: Most Greek organizations are part of larger national bodies that set policies, provide oversight, and collect dues. Nationals can be held liable if they failed to adequately train local chapters, ignored patterns of hazing in other chapters, or were deliberately indifferent to known risks.
• University or Governing Board: The educational institution itself, along with its administrators or governing board, may be sued for negligence. This liability often hinges on whether the university had prior knowledge of hazing, failed to enforce its own policies, or demonstrated deliberate indifference to known dangers within its recognized student organizations.
• Third Parties: Other entities may also bear responsibility. This could include landlords of off-campus houses where hazing occurred, property owners of event spaces, individuals who illegally provided alcohol (under dram shop laws), or even security companies that failed to prevent incidents.

It is important to remember that every hazing case is fact-specific; not every party is liable in every situation. An experienced attorney can meticulously investigate the circumstances and determine all responsible parties.

4. National Hazing Case Patterns (Anchor Stories)

The tragic narrative of hazing is underscored by numerous high-profile cases that have not only garnered national attention but also reshaped legal precedents and state legislation. These cases serve as stark reminders of the predictable dangers inherent in hazing and highlight the profound impact on individuals and their families. While these incidents occurred outside Arkansas, they directly inform the potential legal strategies and outcomes for families in our state facing similar circumstances. The lessons learned from these cases illuminate patterns of negligence and institutional failures that can occur at any university, including those attended by students from Arkansas.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death Pattern

The overwhelming majority of hazing-related fatalities involve extreme alcohol consumption, often coupled with a deliberate delay in seeking medical attention.

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State, Beta Theta Pi (2017): At a “bid-acceptance” event, Piazza was forced to consume dangerous amounts of alcohol. After suffering a severe fall, critical hours passed before medical help was summoned, with fraternity members actively hindering assistance. This tragedy led to numerous criminal charges against fraternity members, extensive civil litigation, and the enactment of the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law in Pennsylvania, a landmark piece of legislation. This case laid bare the lethal combination of extreme intoxication, delayed aid, and a pervasive culture of silence and cover-up.
• Andrew Coffey – Florida State, Pi Kappa Phi (2017): During a “Big/Little” event, Coffey, a pledge, was coerced into consuming an entire handle of hard liquor, resulting in his death from acute alcohol poisoning. The incident triggered criminal hazing charges against multiple fraternity members and led to Florida State temporarily suspending all Greek life, prompting a comprehensive overhaul of campus policies. This case exemplifies how traditional, alcohol-fueled “pledge nights” are a recurring recipe for disaster.
• Max Gruver – LSU, Phi Delta Theta (2017): Gruver died from alcohol intoxication (with a staggering BAC of 0.495%) after participating in a “Bible study” drinking game where pledges were forced to drink in response to incorrect answers. His death spurred the passage of the Max Gruver Act in Louisiana, a stronger felony hazing law. This case powerfully illustrates how legislative change is often a direct consequence of public outrage and undeniable proof of severe hazing.
• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021): Foltz died from alcohol poisoning after being compelled to drink nearly a full bottle of whiskey during a “pledge night.” This incident resulted in multiple criminal convictions for fraternity members. The university reached a nearly $3 million settlement with his family, with additional confidential settlements from the fraternity and individuals. This case highlights that universities, alongside fraternities, bear significant financial and reputational consequences when their students are subjected to such dangerous practices.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing Pattern

Beyond alcohol, hazing encompasses physical brutality and psychologically damaging rituals, often with devastating outcomes.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013): During a fraternity retreat in the Pocono Mountains, Deng was blindfolded, weighted down, and subjected to a violent “glass ceiling” ritual where members repeatedly tackled him. He sustained a fatal traumatic brain injury, and help was deliberately delayed. This case resulted in criminal convictions for multiple members, and the national fraternity itself was criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter—a landmark ruling establishing organizational criminal liability. The fraternity was banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years and fined over $110,000. It starkly demonstrates that off-campus retreats, often chosen to evade detection, can be sites of extreme danger, with nationals also bearing direct responsibility.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse

Hazing is not confined to Greek life; it is a pervasive issue within athletic programs, even at the highest levels.

• Northwestern University Football (2023–2025): A series of explosive allegations from former players revealed widespread sexualized and racist hazing practices within the highly visible football program, spanning multiple years. This scandal led to numerous lawsuits against the university and its coaching staff, the firing of long-time head coach Pat Fitzgerald (who later settled a wrongful-termination suit confidentially), and deep investigations into the institutional culture. This demonstrates that hazing extends far beyond Greek life into major athletic programs, raising critical questions about institutional oversight and accountability for systemic abuses.

What These Cases Mean for Arkansas Families

These national tragedies, far from being isolated incidents, illustrate dangerous patterns that can impact any student, including those from Arkansas who might enroll in a university in-state or out-of-state.

• Common Threads: Recurring patterns include forced drinking, degrading humiliation, physical violence, deliberate delays or outright denial of medical care, and concerted cover-up efforts.
• Accountability: These cases demonstrate that significant reforms and multi-million-dollar settlements often only materialize after tragedy strikes and families pursue rigorous legal action.
• Precedent: For Arkansas families navigating hazing concerns, whether at institutions within the state or at major Texas universities, understanding these national precedents is crucial. They show that legal pathways exist to seek justice, challenge institutional complacency, and drive meaningful change, ensuring that victims’ struggles are not in vain.

5. Arkansas Focus: Universities in Our State and Beyond

For families in Arkansas, hazing can occur close to home or at popular out-of-state universities where many of our students enroll. Understanding the landscape, policies, and histories of hazing at these institutions is critical. While our firm, Attorney911, is based in Texas, we understand that hazing knows no state lines. We are equipped to investigate and represent families affected by hazing regardless of where it occurs, often collaborating with local co-counsel when needed to ensure comprehensive representation.

We will focus on institutions within Arkansas where high school students from cities like Little Rock, Fort Smith, and Fayetteville frequently attend, as well as a selection of major Texas universities that remain popular destinations for Arkansas students. This section prioritizes in-state institutions while acknowledging popular out-of-state choices.

5.1 University of Arkansas (Fayetteville, AR)

The University of Arkansas is the flagship institution of the state, known for its vibrant campus life, Division I athletics (the Razorbacks), and a prominent Greek system. For many Arkansas families, it represents the dream college experience.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Located in Fayetteville, the University of Arkansas is home to over 30,000 students. It boasts a thriving Greek life, with numerous fraternities and sororities, and a spirited athletic culture deeply ingrained in state pride. Its traditions, while beloved, sometimes create environments ripe for the perpetuation of hazing if not carefully managed. The tight-knit community feel can, paradoxically, also contribute to a culture of silence around hazing incidents.

5.1.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

The University of Arkansas maintains a strict anti-hazing policy, clearly defining hazing and prohibiting it on or off campus by any registered student organization. The policy outlines consequences for individuals and organizations involved, ranging from probation to expulsion for students and suspension or permanent loss of recognition for organizations.
Reporting channels include:

• The Office of the Dean of Students.
• The University of Arkansas Police Department (UAPD).
• An anonymous online reporting form.
• The National Anti-Hazing Hotline (1-888-NOT-HAZE).

5.1.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

While specific details of incidents are often handled internally for privacy, the University of Arkansas has certainly faced its share of hazing allegations and disciplinary actions. Historically, these have included:

• Fraternity Suspensions: Over the years, several fraternities have faced disciplinary action, including suspensions, for violations of hazing policy, often involving alcohol misuse, physical endurance tests, or degrading acts during new member processes.
• Athletic Team Disciplinary Actions: On occasion, athletic teams have also been investigated for hazing, resulting in disciplinary measures for coaches and student-athletes.

The university typically responds to substantiated hazing claims with formal investigations, disciplinary hearings, and sanctions that aim to deter future incidents while upholding its commitment to student safety.

5.1.4 How a University of Arkansas Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case at the University of Arkansas could involve multiple entities. Law enforcement could include the Fayetteville Police Department (for off-campus incidents) or the UAPD (for on-campus crimes). Civil suits would likely be filed in Washington County courts, given the university’s location.
Potential defendants might include:

• Individual students involved.
• The local chapter of the organization.
• The national fraternity or sorority headquarters.
• Potentially the University of Arkansas itself, if negligence in oversight or enforcement can be proven.

5.1.5 What University of Arkansas Students & Parents Should Do

For University of Arkansas students and their families:

• Thoroughly review the university’s anti-hazing policy available on the Dean of Students website.
• Encourage open communication with students about their new member experiences, reiterating that their safety and well-being are paramount.
• Be aware of the warning signs of hazing, including unexplained injuries, secrecy, sudden changes in mood or behavior, or sleep deprivation.
• If hazing is suspected, document everything immediately and confidentially.
• Understand that contacting an experienced attorney, even for an initial consultation, can provide clarity on rights and options without obligation.

5.2 Arkansas State University (Jonesboro, AR)

Arkansas State, a growing public institution in Eastern Arkansas, also serves as a hub for many students seeking a comprehensive university experience.

5.2.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Located in Jonesboro, Arkansas State University, with over 14,000 students, is a regional powerhouse known for its strong academic programs, vibrant student life, and a significant Greek community. The campus culture emphasizes school spirit and tradition, contributing to a sense of loyalty that, like elsewhere, can sometimes inadvertently foster environments where hazing might persist.

5.2.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

A-State maintains a strict, clearly articulated anti-hazing policy that aligns with state law. It unequivocally prohibits any form of hazing, on or off campus, by any student, student organization, or university employee. Penalties range from suspension or expulsion for individuals to loss of recognition for student organizations.
Reporting is facilitated through:

• The Dean of Students Office.
• The Arkansas State University Police Department (A-State PD).
• Anonymous reporting mechanisms online.

5.2.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Arkansas State has, like most universities, dealt with its own hazing issues. Public records and university disciplinary actions have, at times, indicated:

• Fraternity Violations: Multiple fraternities have faced sanctions, including temporary suspensions or strict probations, for hazing acts often involving alcohol, physical discomfort, or undignified activities during new member education efforts.
• Inter-Organizational Discipline: Incidents often highlight the university’s efforts to educate and re-regulate Greek life, showing a pattern of response aimed at curbing such activities.

The university’s historical commitment to addressing and responding to such incidents demonstrates an ongoing effort to maintain a safe campus environment.

5.2.4 How an Arkansas State Hazing Case Might Proceed

Legal proceedings for a hazing incident at Arkansas State would typically fall under the jurisdiction of the Craighead County courts. Law enforcement could involve the Jonesboro Police Department or the A-State PD. Potential defendants would again include individual students, the local chapter, and potentially the national organization and the university itself, depending on the specifics of the case.

5.2.5 What Arkansas State Students & Parents Should Do

For students and parents connected to Arkansas State University:

• Become familiar with the university’s student code of conduct and anti-hazing policies.
• Maintain open lines of communication regarding membership in any student organization; watch for behavioral changes that could signal hazing.
• Document any suspicious activities or requests, noting dates, times, and participants.
• If hazing is suspected, utilize the university’s reporting channels and, importantly, consider a confidential consultation with legal counsel for objective advice.

5.3 University of Central Arkansas (Conway, AR)

UCA’s location and strong student community make it another crucial institution for Arkansas families.

5.3.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Central Arkansas in Conway, serving over 10,000 students, is known for its strong sense of community, diverse academic programs, and an active Greek system that is a significant part of student life. Its campus traditions are cherished, and fostering a positive, safe environment for all students is a stated priority.

5.3.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

UCA strictly prohibits hazing, adhering to both state law and its own student code of conduct. The policy explicitly condemns any act that causes physical or mental harm, humiliation, or coercion during new member activities. Consequences for violations are clearly outlined, impacting individuals and organizations.
Reporting options include:

• The Office of Student Life.
• The University of Central Arkansas Police Department (UCA PD).
• Various anonymous reporting methods.

5.3.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UCA has, in its history, dealt with hazing allegations within its Greek and student organization communities. Responses have included:

• Investigation and Sanctions: The university has consistently investigated allegations and issued sanctions to organizations found in violation, including suspensions and restrictions on membership activities. These incidents often underscore the challenges universities face in eradicating deeply ingrained traditions.
• Educational Interventions: Following incidents, UCA typically implements additional educational programs and training for student leaders and advisors to ensure adherence to anti-hazing policies.

5.3.4 How a University of Central Arkansas Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case at UCA would fall under the jurisdiction of the Faulkner County courts. Law enforcement efforts would likely involve the Conway Police Department or the UCA PD. As with other institutions, potential defendants would encompass individuals, the local chapter, national organizations, and the university itself, based on the specific evidence of negligence or misconduct.

5.3.5 What University of Central Arkansas Students & Parents Should Do

For UCA students and their parents:

• Familiarize yourselves with the university’s comprehensive stance against hazing and its official reporting processes.
• Maintain vigilance regarding any unusual demands or behaviors associated with joining a student organization.
• Prioritize your safety and well-being over group acceptance; understand that leaving a harmful situation has no negative reflection on your character.
• Consult with an attorney at Attorney911 for confidential advice if you believe hazing is occurring, to understand your rights and potential legal avenues.

5.4 Southern Arkansas University (Magnolia, AR)

Southern Arkansas University provides a vital educational experience for many students from Arkansas.

5.4.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Southern Arkansas University in Magnolia, with its close-knit community and commitment to student development, fosters a campus environment where many students engage in a variety of clubs and organizations, including Greek life. The emphasis on tradition and community engagement is strong, which can be both a benefit and, if not properly navigated, a challenge in preventing hazing.

5.4.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

SAU’s official policies strictly prohibit hazing in all its forms, emphasizing that such behavior is antithetical to the university’s values and mission. The policy covers all student organizations and activities, on or off campus.
Reporting mechanisms include:

• The Dean of Students Office.
• The SAU Police Department.
• Confidential reporting through established university channels.

5.4.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

While specific high-profile hazing cases may not always make national headlines, Southern Arkansas University has, like other campuses, experienced instances necessitating disciplinary interventions within student organizations. These cases typically lead to:

• Internal Investigations and Sanctions: The university conducts thorough investigations into alleged hazing, applying sanctions to organizations and individuals found responsible, which can include suspensions, loss of privileges, and mandatory re-education.
• Emphasis on Prevention: SAU actively engages in prevention efforts through new student orientation, student leader training, and ongoing awareness campaigns to ensure compliance with anti-hazing regulations.

5.4.4 How a Southern Arkansas University Hazing Case Might Proceed

Any hazing-related legal action concerning SAU would likely fall under the jurisdiction of the Columbia County courts. Law enforcement could involve the Magnolia Police Department or the SAU Police Department for criminal investigations. Civil suits would examine the roles of individuals, the local chapter, national organizations, and the university in the hazing incident.

5.4.5 What Southern Arkansas University Students & Parents Should Do

For students and their families at Southern Arkansas University:

• Familiarize yourselves with the anti-hazing policies and reporting methods available at SAU.
• Engage in transparent conversations about the expectations and activities involved in joining student organizations.
• Document any perceived hazing by taking notes, screenshots, or photos, if safe to do so.
• For legal guidance and support, contact Attorney911 for a confidential consultation to explore legal options.

5.5 University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (Pine Bluff, AR)

UAPB is a historically black university integral to the educational landscape of Arkansas, with its own specific community dynamics.

5.5.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, a historically black university (HBCU) with a proud legacy, cultivates a rich cultural environment and strong ties within its student body. Fraternity and sorority life, particularly within the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), plays a significant role in student engagement and leadership. The emphasis on tradition and brotherhood/sisterhood, while valuable, necessitates strict adherence to anti-hazing policies to prevent harmful practices.

5.5.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

UAPB enforces a zero-tolerance policy against hazing, in accordance with state and federal guidelines. Its policies are designed to protect all students from mental or physical harm, coercion, or humiliation as part of group affiliation.
Students and community members can report hazing to:

• The Office of Student Affairs.
• The UAPB Police Department.
• Through anonymous hotlines often promoted during orientation.

5.5.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

HBCUs, including UAPB, have historically addressed hazing issues, especially within their NPHC fraternities and sororities, where traditions of “crossing” or “intake” have sometimes been associated with hazing acts. UAPB’s responses have included:

• NPHC-Specific Interventions: Disciplinary actions have been taken against NPHC chapters for hazing, often involving detailed investigations and rigorous sanctions, including suspension of new member intake processes and chapter activities.
• Commitment to Safe Intake: UAPB, like many other HBCUs, works to ensure that new member education processes are aligned with national organization rules and university policies, emphasizing educational and service-oriented activities rather than hazing.

5.5.4 How a UAPB Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case at UAPB would typically proceed through Jefferson County courts, with law enforcement involvement from the Pine Bluff Police Department or the UAPB Police Department. Legal actions would consider the liability of involved individuals, the local chapter, the national organization (which often has strict anti-hazing policies for NPHC groups), and potentially the university if its oversight was negligent.

5.5.5 What UAPB Students & Parents Should Do

For UAPB students and their families:

• Understand the NPHC new member intake guidelines and cultural context, while firmly upholding anti-hazing principles.
• Report any direct observations or credible instances of hazing to UAPB officials or law enforcement without delay.
• Seek external legal consultation from Attorney911 to understand how to proceed with a claim, especially given the history of NPHC hazing often involving physical abuse.

5.6 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (Little Rock, AR)

UAMS, a specialized institution, presents a unique context where hazing might still occur, especially within professional and student organizations.

5.6.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock trains healthcare professionals across various disciplines. While its focus is clinical and academic rigor, professional student organizations and residency programs can also inadvertently develop “rites of passage” that cross into hazing territory, particularly in high-stress, hierarchical environments. The campus is home to driven individuals, and sometimes, the pressure to conform or prove oneself can be intense.

5.6.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

UAMS strictly prohibits hazing within any of its academic programs or student organizations, emphasizing that such activities are incompatible with the ethics and professionalism expected of healthcare providers. The policy covers all contexts, on or off campus, paid or unpaid.
Reporting mechanisms are critical and include:

• The Dean of Students (for academic programs).
• Human Resources (for residency or professional development programs).
• UAMS Police Department.

5.6.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

While not typically associated with traditional Greek hazing, professional programs, and affiliated organizations at institutions like UAMS can face allegations related to:

• Professional Onboarding: Instances where new students or residents are subjected to inappropriate “tests” of endurance, sleep deprivation, or demeaning tasks by senior members to “earn” their place.
• Academic/Clinical Harassment: Behaviors disguised as “tough love” or rigorous training that cross the line into psychological hazing or abuse of power.

UAMS consistently investigates and addresses any report of hazing or unprofessional conduct, aligning its response with both university policy and the ethical standards of the medical profession.

5.6.4 How a UAMS Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case at UAMS would be complex, potentially involving multiple internal review boards alongside external legal action in Pulaski County courts. The Little Rock Police Department or UAMS Police Department would handle criminal aspects. Civil liability could extend to individuals, the specific professional organization, and UAMS itself, with particular attention to professional ethics and a duty of care.

5.6.5 What UAMS Students & Parents Should Do

For UAMS students and their families:

• Be aware that hazing can occur in non-traditional settings; it’s not reserved for social clubs.
• Document clearly any instances of professional harassment, coercion, or abuse of power, including specific behaviors, dates, and witnesses.
• Prioritize your mental and physical health above any perceived need to “tough it out” to maintain professional standing.
• Contact Attorney911 for confidential advice, especially if hazing impacts a professional career or medical training, which can have lifelong repercussions.

5.7 Henderson State University (Arkadelphia, AR)

Henderson State provides another key regional educational experience in Arkansas.

5.7.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Henderson State University, located in Arkadelphia, prides itself on offering a personalized and supportive learning environment. With a smaller student body, a strong sense of community often prevails, including active participation in Greek life and other student organizations. These traditions, while central to campus identity, must be continuously monitored to ensure they do not become breeding grounds for hazing.

5.7.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

Henderson State explicitly prohibits hazing through its student code of conduct, defining it as any intentional or reckless act that endangers the mental or physical health of a student for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. The university maintains that hazing is antithetical to its values and will not be tolerated.
Reporting mechanisms include:

• The Dean of Students Office.
• The Henderson State University Police Department.
• Anonymous reporting options are typically available directly through the university website.

5.7.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Henderson State, like other institutions, has had to address hazing allegations within its student organizations. Past actions have included:

• Investigative Protocols: The university follows established protocols to investigate all hazing complaints thoroughly, ensuring due process while protecting student safety.
• Sanctions and Educational Mandates: Organizations and individuals found responsible for hazing have faced a range of sanctions, from strict probation with mandated educational programs to suspension of organizational privileges or even permanent banishment from campus.

5.7.4 How a Henderson State Hazing Case Might Proceed

Legal actions concerning hazing at Henderson State would likely fall under the jurisdiction of the Clark County courts. Law enforcement investigation could involve the Arkadelphia Police Department or the Henderson State University Police Department. As with other institutions, civil suits would assess the liability of individuals, the local chapter, national organizations, and the university based on their roles and responsibilities.

5.7.5 What Henderson State Students & Parents Should Do

For students and their families at Henderson State University:

• Review and understand the university’s anti-hazing policies and the consequences of engaging in or tolerating hazing.
• Encourage students to question any activities that make them feel uncomfortable, demeaned, or unsafe, and to trust their instincts.
• Privately document any hazing concerns, including descriptions of the events, dates, times, and names of those involved.
• Seek confidential legal advice from Attorney911 if hazing is suspected, to learn about legal protections and options.

5.8 University of Arkansas at Little Rock (Little Rock, AR)

The University of Arkansas at Little Rock provides a key urban university experience within the state’s capital.

5.8.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Arkansas at Little Rock, situated in the capital city, serves a diverse student body, including many commuter students. UALR offers a wide array of student organizations, including Greek life, and fosters a campus environment that encourages engagement and involvement. The traditions within these organizations, while valued for community building, require constant vigilance to prevent any form of hazing from taking root.

5.8.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

UALR maintains a robust anti-hazing policy that strictly prohibits any activity that could endanger a student’s mental or physical health within the context of joining or maintaining membership in an organization. The policy is routinely reviewed and updated to comply with state law and best practices.
Reporting options are clearly communicated and include:

• The Dean of Students Office.
• The UALR Department of Public Safety.
• Anonymous reporting through university portals.

5.8.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UALR has previously addressed allegations of hazing within its student organizations. The university’s commitment to addressing these issues typically involves:

• Thorough Investigations: All hazing reports lead to comprehensive investigations, gathering evidence and interviewing witnesses to determine the facts.
• Appropriate Sanctions: Individuals and organizations found responsible face sanctions in line with the severity of the hazing, which may include educational interventions, probation, suspension of activities, or, in severe cases, permanent loss of university recognition.

These responses are aimed at upholding the integrity of student organizations and ensuring a safe, respectful campus climate.

5.8.4 How a UALR Hazing Case Might Proceed

Legal actions stemming from hazing at UALR would fall under the jurisdiction of the Pulaski County courts. Law enforcement could involve the Little Rock Police Department or the UALR Department of Public Safety for criminal investigations. Civil suits would examine the potential negligence of individuals, local chapters, national organizations, and the university, based on the specific circumstances.

5.8.5 What UALR Students & Parents Should Do

For UALR students and their families:

• Actively familiarize yourselves with UALR’s anti-hazing policies and ensure full understanding of what constitutes illegal and prohibited behavior.
• Maintain open and honest discussions about any student organization activities that raise concerns.
• Confidential documentation of hazing incidents, including dates, names, locations, and involved activities, is crucial.
• Contact Attorney911 for a confidential evaluation to discuss legal protections, state laws, and how to pursue legal recourse against those responsible.

Where Arkansas Families Also Send Their Children: Popular Texas Universities

Arkansas students often look to neighboring states for higher education, with Texas universities being particularly popular due to their size, prestige, and diverse academic offerings. These institutions, while not in Arkansas, routinely enroll students from our state and have their own distinct histories and challenges with hazing. This section will provide an overview of hazing dynamics at some of the most popular Texas universities for Arkansas families.

5.9 University of Houston (UH)

The University of Houston is a significant destination for many Arkansas students seeking a large, urban university experience.

5.9.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UH, a sprawling urban campus in the heart of Houston, enrolls over 47,000 students. It offers a dynamic setting for students from Arkansas, balancing a vibrant city experience with robust academic programs. The university maintains a diverse and active Greek life, with numerous fraternities and sororities, along with hundreds of other student organizations. This bustling environment, while offering immense opportunities, also requires constant vigilance regarding student conduct and safety.

5.9.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

The University of Houston maintains a comprehensive and explicit anti-hazing policy. This policy defines hazing broadly and prohibits it unequivocally, whether incidents occur on-campus, off-campus, at a university facility, or in private residences. Prohibited acts include any form of forced consumption of alcohol or substances, physical abuse or endurance tests, sleep deprivation, and any behavior that causes mental distress or humiliation.
Reporting channels at UH are clearly outlined and include:

• The Office of the Dean of Students.
• Campus Safety and University of Houston Police Department (UHPD).
• An anonymous hotline and online reporting forms.
  UH regularly updates its hazing statistics and disciplinary actions on its website, reflecting efforts toward transparency.

5.9.3 Documented Incidents & Responses

UH has a history of responding to hazing allegations within its student organizations, particularly within Greek life. Past incidents include:

• High-Profile Fraternity Suspensions: Over the years, several fraternities have faced severe sanctions, including lengthy suspensions and loss of university recognition, for hazing violations involving alcohol, physical abuse, and degrading rituals. These actions underscore the university’s commitment to enforcing its policies.
• Leonel Bermudez v. University of Houston / Pi Kappa Phi (2025): This seminal lawsuit, filed by Attorney911 on behalf of Leonel Bermudez, alleges severe hazing by the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity’s Beta Nu chapter. Bermudez, a transfer student, suffered acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis after alleged hazing that included forced physical exertion, degrading rituals, and forced consumption leading to vomiting. The lawsuit, seeking over $10 million, holds the university, the national fraternity, its housing corporation, and multiple individuals accountable. This case specifically highlights allegations of hazing rituals involving a “pledge fanny pack” with demeaning contents, being sprayed with a hose “like waterboarding,” and being forced to perform hundreds of push-ups and squats, among other abuses. The university suspended the chapter and Pi Kappa Phi national quickly revoked its charter following the allegations. According to Ralph Manginello, “His urine was brown,” a clear sign of severe rhabdomyolysis. Lupe Peña added, “If this prevents harm to another person…Let’s bring this to light. Enough is enough.” Details were extensively covered by Click2Houston, ABC13, and Hoodline.

5.9.4 How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case originating at the University of Houston would involve complex legal and institutional actions. Law enforcement could include the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD) for on-campus incidents or the Houston Police Department (HPD) for off-campus matters. Civil lawsuits would likely be filed in Harris County courts, given Houston’s location.
Potential defendants in such a case are comprehensive and can include:

• Individual students directly involved.
• The local chapter and its officers.
• The national fraternity or sorority headquarters, as seen in the Bermudez case.
• The University of Houston and its Board of Regents, if negligence in oversight or failure to act on prior warnings can be demonstrated.
• Any property owners where hazing occurred, including private residences or commercial venues.

5.9.5 What UH Students & Parents from Arkansas Should Do

For Arkansas students considering or currently attending the University of Houston:

• Thoroughly research a student organization’s history, not just its public image. Look beyond recent social media to university-provided disciplinary records.
• Be wary of off-campus “retreats” or events shrouded in secrecy; these are common venues for dangerous hazing.
• Document any subtle or overt signs of hazing through screenshots, notes, or discreet photos, preserving evidence for future action.
• If hazing is suspected or occurs, prioritize immediate medical attention for any injuries, no matter how minor.
• Contact Attorney911 immediately for advice from lawyers experienced in Houston-based hazing cases like the Leonel Bermudez litigation, which exemplifies the firm’s capability to take on major university systems and national organizations.

5.10 Texas A&M University (College Station, TX)

Texas A&M remains a deeply traditional and popular choice for many Arkansas families seeking a large-scale university experience with a distinctive character.

5.10.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas A&M University, located in College Station, is one of the largest universities in the nation, renowned for its strong traditions, engineering programs, and the iconic Corps of Cadets. Attracting many students from Arkansas, its campus culture emphasizes loyalty, respect, and a unique blend of military and collegiate life. Both Greek life and the Corps are central to the student experience, with a deep-seated reverence for history that can sometimes make hazing hard to identify.

5.10.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

Texas A&M has a strong, explicit anti-hazing policy that covers all student organizations, including Greek life and the Corps of Cadets. It strictly prohibits any act that endangers the physical or mental health of a student for the purpose of initiation, membership, or recognition. The university publicly states its commitment to a hazing-free environment and provides clear reporting mechanisms.
Reporting channels include:

• The Division of Student Affairs.
• University Police Department (UPD).
• Anonymous reporting through various online portals.
  Texas A&M, like other Texas institutions, publishes disciplinary actions related to hazing on its website, demonstrating a level of transparency.

5.10.3 Documented Incidents & Responses

Texas A&M has a history of addressing hazing incidents, particularly within its Greek system and the Corps of Cadets, given the emphasis on “tradition” in both.

• Corps of Cadets Hazing: The Corps, with its military structure, has faced allegations of hazing where new members (“freshmen fish”) were subjected to grueling physical training, sleep deprivation, and psychological pressures that crossed the line into hazing. Lawsuits have arisen from such allegations, asserting degrading acts like simulated sexual acts or being bound in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in one’s mouth. The university maintains a strict policy against hazing within the Corps, leading to disciplinary actions when violations are substantiated.
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) Lawsuit (2021): This highly publicized case involved allegations of severe hazing against the SAE chapter. Two pledges claimed they were subjected to strenuous physical activity, had industrial-strength cleaner poured on them, along with raw eggs and spit. This resulted in severe chemical burns requiring extensive medical treatment and skin graft surgeries. The chapter faced a significant lawsuit seeking $1 million and was suspended by the university. This incident illustrates the extreme and dangerous forms physical hazing can take, far beyond simple exertional acts.

5.10.4 How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case at Texas A&M would typically involve law enforcement from the Texas A&M University Police Department (UPD) for on-campus incidents, or the College Station Police Department for off-campus events. Civil suits would be filed in Brazos County courts, which cover College Station.
Potential defendants could include:

• Individual students involved in the hazing.
• The specific Greek chapter, athletic team, or Corps unit.
• The national fraternity or sorority.
• The university itself and its Board of Regents, particularly in cases involving the Corps of Cadets or where the university had a demonstrable pattern of overlooking hazing.

5.10.5 What Texas A&M Students & Parents from Arkansas Should Do

For Arkansas students and their families connected to Texas A&M:

• Understand the fine line between tradition and hazing: While Texas A&M prides itself on its traditions, true traditions should elevate, not degrade.
• Pay close attention to “new member” activities within any organization, especially those involving excessive physical demands, secrecy, or isolation, as these are common hazing indicators.
• Utilize official reporting channels (both within the university and externally) if hazing is suspected, remembering that timely action can prevent escalation.
• Contact Attorney911 without delay if significant harm has occurred. Our firm’s experience with complex litigation against large institutions, similar to those faced in the BP Texas City explosion litigation, positions us to challenge even large university systems.

5.11 University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, TX)

UT Austin is a flagship institution and a popular choice for many high-achieving Arkansas students.

5.11.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

The University of Texas at Austin, one of the nation’s largest public universities, is a vibrant academic and cultural hub. With a strong presence in Greek life, Division I athletics, and numerous spirit and tradition-based organizations, UT Austin attracts a diverse student body, including many from Arkansas. Its size and prestige mean it has a robust student activities scene, but also a complex landscape for student conduct oversight.

5.11.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

UT Austin has a deeply ingrained commitment to preventing hazing, evidenced by its comprehensive policy and transparent reporting. The policy unequivocally prohibits hazing in all its forms, emphasizing that it is antithetical to the university’s values and a violation of state law.
A key aspect of UT Austin’s approach is its publicly accessible Hazing Violations Log, which details:

• The names of organizations found in violation.
• The nature of the misconduct (e.g., alcohol provision, physical abuse, forced servitude).
• The dates of the incidents.
• The sanctions imposed (e.g., suspension, probation, educational mandates).

This transparency is a valuable resource for prospective students and their families from Arkansas during their decision-making process. Reporting is handled through the Office of the Dean of Students, the University of Texas Police Department (UTPD), and various anonymous reporting methods.

5.11.3 Documented Incidents & Responses

The public log at UT Austin clearly illustrates that the university frequently identifies and penalizes hazing. Some recurring patterns and examples include:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike) (2023): This fraternity, along with others, has appeared on the log multiple times for alcohol-related hazing, forced calisthenics, and behavior considered mentally or physically harmful to new members. Sanctions often include long-term suspensions or probation periods with strict conditions. National organizations like Pike have faced national litigation, such as the Stone Foltz case at Bowling Green State University, for similar alcohol-related hazing.
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) (2024): UT Austin’s SAE chapter has faced disciplinary actions, including student lawsuits for assault cases involving pledges during social functions. Nationally, SAE has been involved in several hazing deaths and severe injury cases, including traumatic brain injury cases at the University of Alabama and chemical burns at Texas A&M. This history demonstrates a pattern of risk that UT Austin has actively tried to manage through sanctions.
• Texas Cowboys (Spirit Organization, 2018): This highly visible spirit organization has faced severe sanctions, including suspensions, for hazing that often involved dangerous initiation activities, including forced drinking and sleep deprivation, which contributed to a fatal vehicle accident involving a “new man” after a hazing incident in 2018. The tragic ties of this group to student deaths underscore the fact that hazing is not just a Greek life problem.

5.11.4 How a UT Austin Hazing Case Might Proceed

Legal actions involving hazing at UT Austin would typically involve law enforcement from the University of Texas Police Department (UTPD) for campus-related incidents or the Austin Police Department (APD) for off-campus events. Civil suits would generally be filed in Travis County courts in Austin.
Given UT Austin’s context, potential defendants could include:

• Individual students and their families.
• The local chapter of the organization.
• The national fraternity, sorority, or organization.
• The University of Texas at Austin and its Board of Regents, particularly given the public logging of repeated violations, which could indicate a pattern of knowledge or deliberate indifference. This prior documentation can be crucial in proving negligence.

5.11.5 What UT Austin Students & Parents from Arkansas Should Do

For Arkansas students and their families engaged with UT Austin:

• Actively use the UT Austin Hazing Violations Log as a critical research tool when considering any student organization.
• Be highly suspicious of any activities that demand secrecy, excessive time commitments, or involve alcohol, especially if the organization has a history of violations.
• Document everything meticulously if hazing is suspected: screenshots of messages, photos of injuries or events, and detailed notes.
• Contact Attorney911 urgently if you or your child suffers harm from hazing. Our firm has extensive experience in Texas courts and understands how to leverage public data, like UT’s hazing log, to build a strong case.

5.12 Southern Methodist University (SMU, Dallas, TX)

SMU is another appealing university for Arkansas students looking for a private, well-regarded education.

5.12.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Southern Methodist University, nestled in an affluent Dallas neighborhood, is a prestigious private university known for its strong academic programs, vibrant social scene, and highly active Greek life. It attracts many students from Arkansas seeking a blend of rigorous academics and traditional campus experiences. The strong emphasis on tradition and alumni connections within SMU’s Greek system can, at times, create unique challenges for hazing prevention and enforcement.

5.12.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

SMU maintains a clear and emphatic anti-hazing policy that strictly prohibits any form of hazing by individuals or organizations. As a private institution, SMU’s enforcement mechanisms are entirely internal but aligned with Texas law. The policy defines hazing broadly to include any act that physically or mentally harms or abuses a new or prospective member.
Reporting channels include:

• The Office of Student Affairs.
• SMU Police Department (SMU PD).
• Anonymous reporting options are typically available through its student conduct portal.
  SMU, while a private university, is still subject to the Texas anti-hazing statute and is committed to transparency regarding violations and sanctions.

5.12.3 Documented Incidents & Responses

SMU has a history of responding to hazing allegations within its Greek system, leading to significant disciplinary actions against chapters.

• Kappa Alpha Order (2017): This prominent fraternity faced severe sanctions, including a lengthy suspension, after allegations of hazing surfaced. Reports suggested new members were subjected to paddling, forced alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, and degrading acts. The national Kappa Alpha Order organization has a history of hazing suspensions and incidents across the country.
• Other Fraternity Suspensions: Multiple fraternities at SMU have periodically been placed on suspension or probation for various hazing violations, often tied to alcohol, forced servitude, or physically demanding new member activities. These incidents often highlight the tension between deeply entrenched “traditions” and university safety policies.

5.12.4 How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case at SMU would involve law enforcement from the SMU Police Department for incidents on private campus property or the Dallas Police Department for events off-campus within city limits. Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in Dallas County courts.
Given SMU’s status as a private university, the defendants could include:

• Individual students involved.
• The local SMU chapter and its leadership.
• The national fraternity or sorority.
• Southern Methodist University itself, particularly if there is evidence of a pattern of negligence in supervising student organizations or if it was deliberately indifferent to known hazing practices. The firm’s experience against large institutions provides families from Arkansas with confidence in navigating such complex cases with private entities.

5.12.5 What SMU Students & Parents from Arkansas Should Do

For Arkansas students and their families with connections to SMU:

• Thoroughly investigate the disciplinary history of any Greek organization at SMU, paying attention to past hazing violations and the strictness of subsequent sanctions.
• Be extremely cautious of any calls for secrecy or activities that occur at off-campus houses or undisclosed locations, especially during new member periods.
• Document everything immediately if hazing is suspected, as evidence collection can be crucial for legal action against private institutions.
• Contact Attorney911 promptly for guidance. Our direct experience confronting large institutions and understanding how private universities operate can be invaluable.

5.13 Baylor University (Waco, TX)

Baylor, a prominent private Christian university, attracts many Arkansas students seeking a faith-based education.

5.13.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Baylor University, located in Waco, is the oldest continuously operating university in Texas. As a private Christian institution, it is known for its strong academic offerings, Division I athletics, and a campus culture that emphasizes community, service, and faith. While Greek life is active, Baylor’s religious affiliation and its historical scrutiny over issues like Title IX and sexual assault have shaped its approach to student conduct and organizational behavior, setting a high standard for new member activities.

5.13.2 Hazing Policy & Reporting

Baylor University maintains an unequivocal anti-hazing policy that is clearly articulated in its student code of conduct. The policy aligns with Texas state law and explicitly prohibits any conduct, on or off campus, that could physically, emotionally, or psychologically endanger a student for the purpose of initiation, pledging, or maintaining membership. Given Baylor’s mission, such acts are deemed contrary to its core values and ethical standards.
Reporting channels are robust and include:

• The Office of Student Conduct.
• Baylor University Police Department (BUPD).
• Anonymous reporting through online forms and a confidential reporting system.

5.13.3 Documented Incidents & Responses

Baylor’s commitment to upholding its values has led to disciplinary actions against student organizations that breach its anti-hazing policies.

• Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020): Following an internal investigation, Baylor suspended 14 players from its highly visible baseball team due to hazing violations. The incident led to staggered suspensions for the players throughout an early season, sending a clear message about athletic program accountability. This demonstrates that even high-profile varsity sports teams are not exempt from strict enforcement.
• Greek Organization Suspensions: Periodically, specific fraternities and sororities have faced sanctions, including suspensions or long periods of probation, for hazing practices involving alcohol, sleep deprivation, or behaviors deemed to intimidate or humiliate new members. These actions reflect Baylor’s ongoing efforts to ensure a safe environment within its Greek system, especially in light of past broader institutional scrutiny around student safety.

5.13.4 How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

A hazing case at Baylor University would involve law enforcement from the Baylor University Police Department (BUPD) for on-campus incidents or the Waco Police Department (WPD) for off-campus events. Civil lawsuits would typically be filed in McLennan County courts in Waco.
In legal actions against Baylor and its affiliated organizations, potential defendants could include:

• Individual students who perpetrated hazing.
• The local chapter of the student organization.
• The national fraternity or sorority.
• Baylor University itself, particularly if there is evidence that the institution failed to adequately supervise student organizations or address known patterns of dangerous behavior. Baylor’s private status necessitates direct litigation to compel the disclosure of internal records.

5.13.5 What Baylor Students & Parents from Arkansas Should Do

For Arkansas students and their families connected to Baylor University:

• Thoroughly familiarize yourselves with Baylor’s strict anti-hazing policies and its reporting procedures, understanding the university’s strong stance rooted in its Christian mission.
• Be particularly vigilant about any organizational activities that promise secrecy, require excessive hours, or involve any behavior that contradicts Baylor’s stated values.
• Never hesitate to report any incident or concern directly to Baylor officials, knowing that the university has mechanisms for addressing such complaints.
• Contact Attorney911 for a confidential, no-obligation consultation to explore legal rights and options. Our firm is adept at navigating legal claims against private universities and their associated national organizations.

6. Fraternities & Sororities: National Histories and Arkansas Connections

For Arkansas families, understanding that local chapters operating within our state’s universities, or those in Texas where our students matriculate, are typically part of larger national organizations is crucial. These national bodies, while providing general oversight and uniform policies, also carry with them a history—a collective record of incidents, disciplinary actions, and unfortunately, tragedies. This history, particularly concerning hazing, is highly relevant when considering legal action.

6.1 Why National Histories Matter

Most fraternities and sororities at institutions across Arkansas, Texas, and the entire nation belong to national or international Greek letter organizations. These national headquarters are not merely symbolic; they:

• Set national policies and standards of conduct, including strict anti-hazing rules.
• Provide training and resources to local chapters.
• Collect dues and often exert significant influence over local operations.
• Have faced extensive litigation from prior hazing incidents, leading to their robust anti-hazing manuals and risk management policies. They implement these because they have witnessed, and been held liable for, deaths and catastrophic injuries in the past.

The crucial legal point is that when a local chapter—be it at the University of Arkansas, UCA, Baylor, or UT Austin—engages in hazing practices that mirror those that have led to harm or death at other chapters nationwide, it establishes foreseeability. This pattern evidence can demonstrate that the national organization knew or should have known about the persistent risks associated with these types of hazeng behaviors. This knowledge strengthens arguments for negligence, gross negligence, and even punitive damages against the national entity, as they had ample “prior notice” of the dangers.

6.2 High-Incident Organizations and Their National Patterns

While it’s impossible to list every single fraternity and sorority, certain national organizations have a more publicized history of hazing incidents. For families in Arkansas, it’s about recognizing these patterns, not making assumptions about individual chapters.

• Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike): Nationally, Pike has been involved in several high-profile hazing deaths. A prominent example is the Stone Foltz case at Bowling Green State University, where a pledge died from alcohol poisoning after a forced bottle exchange during a “Big/Little” event. This pattern highlights forced alcohol consumption as a repeating risk. If a Pike chapter in Arkansas or elsewhere engages in similar activities, the national organization’s history can establish a strong case of foreseeability.
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE): SAE has faced substantial national scrutiny, earning the unfortunate moniker of “America’s deadliest fraternity” by some media outlets due to multiple hazing-related deaths and severe injuries. Incidents range from traumatic brain injuries alleged in a lawsuit at the University of Alabama to pledges suffering chemical burns at Texas A&M due to a mixture of industrial cleaner, eggs, and spit. If an SAE chapter at an Arkansas university is involved in hazing, the national record of severe incidents bolsters claims against the larger organization.
• Phi Delta Theta (Phi Delt): This fraternity is linked nationally to the tragic death of Max Gruver at Louisiana State University, who died from extreme alcohol poisoning after a forced drinking game. Similar incidents involving forced alcohol consumption can demonstrate a pattern of ignored warnings and inadequate risk management from the national level.
• Pi Kappa Phi (Pi Kapp): Nationally, Pi Kappa Phi has faced multiple significant hazing-related lawsuits, including the death of Andrew Coffey at Florida State University from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night,” and the ongoing Leonel Bermudez v. University of Houston lawsuit for rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure. These cases indicate a national pattern of dangerous alcohol hazing and physical abuse.
• Kappa Sigma (K-Sig): This fraternity has a documented history of hazing that includes fatalities. Notably, the Chad Meredith case at the University of Miami resulted in a $12.6 million verdict against those responsible after a pledge drowned during a hazing ritual. More recently, allegations of severe injuries, including rhabdomyolysis from extreme physical hazing, have emerged from a Texas A&M chapter of Kappa Sigma.
• Phi Gamma Delta (FIJI): FIJI is linked to the horrific Danny Santulli case at the University of Missouri, where a pledge suffered severe, permanent brain damage from forced alcohol consumption. The family settled with 22 defendants, including the national fraternity, for multi-million-dollar amounts. This case highlighted the lasting, catastrophic effects of alcohol hazing.

6.3 Tie Back to Legal Strategy for Arkansas Families

For Arkansas families, understanding these national patterns is not just about awareness; it’s a critical component of legal strategy. When an incident occurs in Arkansas or at a university our students attend in another state, lawyers can leverage this national history to demonstrate:

• Foreseeability: That the national organization knew, or should have known, about the inherent dangers of specific hazing practices given their repeated occurrence across different chapters.
• Deliberate Indifference: That despite this knowledge, national headquarters failed to implement sufficiently strict enforcement, training, or risk management protocols to prevent recurrence.
• Insurance Coverage: Leveraging national patterns can be crucial in compelling insurance carriers, who cover national organizations, to engage in negotiations rather than denying coverage for “rogue acts.”

Attorney911 diligently researches these national patterns and specific organizational histories because they are vital to building a compelling case for negligence, gross negligence, and even punitive damages. This evidence helps us challenge the common defense that hazing was an isolated incident perpetrated by a few rogue individuals, instead framing it as a predictable outcome of systemic failures.

7. Building a Case: Evidence, Damages, Strategy

For families in Arkansas who have experienced the devastating impact of hazing, pursuing justice requires a meticulous legal approach. Our firm, Attorney911, excels at constructing robust cases by relentlessly collecting evidence, accurately assessing damages, and implementing comprehensive legal strategies. We understand that hazing cases are complex, often involving powerful institutions and a culture of silence.

7.1 Evidence: The Foundation of a Strong Claim

In hazing litigation, evidence is paramount. Unlike other personal injury cases, hazing incidents often occur in secret, making covert evidence collection crucial.

• Digital Communications: In 2025, group chats and direct messages are often the most fertile ground for evidence. Platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, and even fraternity-specific apps contain invaluable information. These communications reveal planning, coercion, explicit instructions, evidence of cover-ups, and the identities of those involved. Our firm recommends immediately securing screenshots of full conversations with timestamps and participant names. Even deleted messages can sometimes be recovered through digital forensics, showing “smoking gun” evidence that proves intent and action.
• Photos & Videos: Visual evidence, whether from cell phones or surveillance cameras, can be devastating to a defense. This includes images or videos captured by members during events (even if meant as “fun”), footage shared in private group chats, or external security camera footage from houses or venues where hazing occurred. Such evidence can directly contradict claims of “horseplay” or “voluntary participation.”
• Internal Organization Documents: These can include pledge manuals, initiation scripts, lists of “traditions,” and emails or texts from officers detailing demands made of pledges. These documents often explicitly outline actions that violate anti-hazing policies and state laws. Subpoenaing these materials can expose long-standing patterns of abuse.
• University Records: Through formal discovery requests or Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests (for public universities like those in Arkansas and Texas), we can uncover a university’s prior knowledge of hazing. This includes prior disciplinary files, probation records, warnings issued to organizations, internal incident reports, and communications among administrators regarding problematic student groups. The UT Austin Hazing Violations Log, for example, is a public record illustrating recurrent issues.
• Medical and Psychological Records: Comprehensive medical documentation is critical for establishing the extent of harm. This encompasses emergency room reports, hospitalization records, toxicology results (especially in alcohol hazing), and detailed notes from rehabilitation, physical therapy, or psychiatric care. Diagnoses of conditions like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, or anxiety directly link the hazing to verifiable psychological injury.
• Witness Testimony: Eyewitness accounts remain vital. This includes current and former pledges, active members (who may feel guilt or face pressure to cooperate), roommates, resident assistants, coaches, and even bystanders. Former members who have de-pledged or been expelled can be particularly powerful witnesses, as they are often free from the immediate pressures of the organization.

7.2 Damages: Compensating for Profound Harm

A successful hazing lawsuit aims to compensate the victim and their family for the full spectrum of losses endured. These damages can be substantial, reflecting the severe and often lifelong consequences of hazing.

• Economic Damages: These are quantifiable financial losses.
  • Medical Bills & Future Care: This covers all past and anticipated future medical expenses, including emergency treatment, hospitalization, surgeries, physical therapy, psychiatric care, and long-term specialized care for catastrophic injuries, such as from rhabdomyolysis or traumatic brain injuries. Economists assist in projecting lifelong care costs.
  • Lost Earnings / Educational Impact: This includes lost wages due to time off work, as well as the long-term impact on earning capacity if the hazing results in permanent disabilities or significantly disrupts the victim’s education, delaying their entry into the workforce or diminishing career prospects.
• Non-Economic Damages: These compensate for subjective, non-financial losses.
  • Physical Pain and Suffering: This accounts for the immediate and ongoing pain from physical injuries.
  • Emotional Distress & Psychological Harm: This covers the profound mental and emotional toll, including diagnosed conditions like PTSD, severe anxiety, depression, humiliation, shame, loss of dignity, and the erosion of trust.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: This addresses the victim’s inability to participate in activities that once brought joy, the disruption of social life, and the loss of overall quality of life.
• Wrongful Death Damages (for Families): In the most tragic cases, families of hazing victims can seek compensation for:
  • Funeral and burial costs.
  • Loss of financial support the deceased would have provided.
  • Loss of companionship, love, and society from their loved one.
  • Grief and emotional suffering endured by surviving family members.

7.3 Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

Hazing litigation is further complicated by the multiple layers of potential defendants, each with their own legal counsel and insurance coverage.

• Institutional Defendants: National fraternities, universities, and their governing boards often carry significant liability insurance policies. However, these insurers frequently try to deny coverage by arguing that hazing, especially intentional acts of violence or alcohol provision, falls under “intentional act” or “criminal act” exclusions.
• Our Strategy: This is where Attorney911’s expertise, particularly Lupe Peña’s background as a former insurance defense attorney, is invaluable. We understand the nuanced language of insurance policies and the tactics used to deny claims. We meticulously identify all potential insurance carriers and passionately argue for coverage, demonstrating that even if the hazing itself was intentional, the institution’s failure to prevent or supervise was negligent and thus covered by their policies. We are prepared to engage in aggressive settlement negotiations or, if necessary, take the case to trial to ensure our clients receive fair compensation. Our goal is to hold all liable parties accountable, ensuring that no stone is left unturned in our pursuit of justice for Arkansas families.

8. Practical Guides & FAQs for Arkansas Families

For parents, students, and witnesses in Arkansas, navigating a hazing situation can be overwhelming. Knowing what to look for, what to do, and who to trust is crucial. This section provides actionable advice to help you protect yourself and your loved ones.

8.1 For Parents: Recognizing & Responding to Hazing

Parents across Arkansas, whether your child attends the University of Arkansas, UCA, or an out-of-state institution, are often the first line of defense against hazing. Being informed can empower you to act decisively.

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed

Be alert for these indicators:

• Physical Signs: Unexplained bruises, burns, cuts, or other injuries, especially if your child is vague or evasive about how they happened. Look for extreme fatigue, constant exhaustion, sudden weight loss or gain, or signs of sleep deprivation. Medical emergencies like rhabdomyolysis or alcohol poisoning are critical red flags.
• Behavioral & Emotional Changes: A sudden increase in secrecy around their new organization (“I can’t talk about it”), withdrawal from family or old friends, and noticeable personality shifts such as anxiety, depression, irritability, or increased defensiveness when asked about their activities. They might express fear of “getting in trouble” or “letting the chapter down.”
• Academic Red Flags: A sudden and uncharacteristic drop in grades, missing classes, falling asleep during lectures, or skipping assignments/exams for “mandatory” organization events.
• Financial Red Flags: Unexpected and unexplained demands for money, forced purchases, or unusually high credit card charges that could indicate fines or being made to buy items for older members.
• Digital/Social Behavior: Constant checking of their phone for group chat notifications and displaying anxiety about responding immediately. They might start deleting messages, clearing browser history, or installing new geo-location tracking apps demanded by the organization.

How to Talk to Your Child

Approach the conversation with empathy, not accusation:

• “How are things going with [organization]? Are you enjoying it?”
• “Have they been respectful of your time for classes and sleep?”
• “What kinds of activities do they ask new members to do?”
• “Is there anything that makes you uncomfortable or that you wish you didn’t have to do?”
• “Have you seen anyone get hurt, or have you been hurt yourself?”
• “Do you feel like you can leave if you want to, or would there be negative consequences?”
• “Are you being asked to keep secrets from me or the university?”

If your child opens up, listen calmly without judgment or anger. If they are reticent, don’t force it, but continue to monitor their well-being closely and let them know you are there to support them unconditionally.

What to Do If You Suspect Hazing

• Immediate Safety: If your child is in immediate physical danger, injured, or severely intoxicated, call 911 (or local emergency services) immediately. Prioritize their health and safety above all else.
• Document Everything: Begin a detailed log of events, including dates, times, what your child reported, and any observed changes. If your child shows you digital evidence (texts, photos), screenshot them immediately. Photograph any injuries, medical records, or relevant physical items. These contemporaneous notes are invaluable evidence.
• Reporting Channels: Report your concerns to the university’s Dean of Students office, the campus police, or local law enforcement if crimes are involved. You can also utilize the anonymous National Anti-Hazing Hotline: 1-888-NOT-HAZE.
• Legal Consultation: Contact Attorney911 for a confidential consultation. Even if you’re uncertain about legal action, an early attorney consultation can help you understand your rights, preserve critical evidence, and navigate interactions with the university.

What NOT to Do:

• Do not directly confront the organization or its members. This could lead to evidence destruction or retaliation.
• Do not sign any documents from the university or an insurance company without legal counsel.
• Do not post details on public social media, as this could compromise legal action.

8.2 For Students / Pledges: Self-Assessment & Safety Planning

For Arkansas students, knowing your rights and how to protect yourself is paramount.

Is This Hazing? Decision Guide

Ask yourself honestly:

• Am I being forced or pressured to do something I genuinely don’t want to do?
• Would I participate in this activity if there were no social consequences or fear of being “cut”?
• Is this activity dangerous, humiliating, degrading, or illegal?
• Would my parents or the university approve if they knew exactly what was happening?
• Are older members making new members do things they don’t have to do themselves?
• Is this “tradition” truly about initiation or earning membership, or is it primarily for the amusement or power of older members?
• Am I being told to keep secrets, lie, or hide these activities from outsiders?

If you answered YES to any of these questions, you are likely experiencing hazing. Remember the Three-Tier Classification System from Appendix A: any activity, from subtle social manipulation to violent physical abuse, falls under the definition of hazing.

How to Exit Safely

• Immediate Danger: If you are in immediate physical danger, experiencing severe intoxication, or injured, call 911 (or local emergency services) immediately. Get to a safe location such as your dorm, a trusted friend’s house, or another public area. Most schools and Arkansas law offer good-faith reporter protections, meaning you won’t get in trouble for calling for help in a medical emergency.
• Quitting/De-Pledging: You have the legal right to leave any organization at any time, regardless of what you’ve been told about commitments. Inform someone outside the organization first (a parent, RA, or trusted friend) to establish a record. You can resign by sending a clear email or text to the chapter president or new member educator. Do not attend “one last meeting” where you might face pressure or retaliation. If you fear retaliation, report this concern to the Dean of Students or campus police; Attorney911 can help you navigate this.
• Protecting Yourself from Retaliation: Document any threats or harassment through screenshots, recordings (if legally permissible in your location), or by noting dates and times. Report retaliation to university officials. Harassment and stalking are crimes, and protective orders may be an option.

Evidence Collection (For Students)

Your phone is your most powerful tool for evidence.

• Screenshots of Group Chats: Capture full conversations with timestamps and participant names. Include context by scrolling up and down.
• Voice Memos/Recordings: In Arkansas, one-party consent exists, meaning you can legally record conversations you are part of without the other party’s knowledge. (Always verify current state laws.)
• Photos/Videos: Document injuries, locations where hazing occurred, or any objects used in the rituals. Photograph injuries from multiple angles and over several days.
• Save All Digital Content: Never delete messages or social media posts, even if embarrassing. Back up everything to cloud storage.
• Medical Documentation: Inform medical providers (ER, student health) that you were hazed so it’s documented. Request copies of all records.

Who to Trust / Where to Report

• On Campus: Dean of Students or Office of Student Conduct; Title IX Coordinator (if sexual harassment/assault involved); Campus Police; University Counseling Center (for confidential mental health support); Trusted faculty or academic advisor.
• Off Campus: Local Police (if criminal acts occurred); National Anti-Hazing Hotline: 1-888-NOT-HAZE (anonymous, 24/7); Attorney911 for legal counsel.

8.3 For Former Members / Witnesses

If you are a former member or witness to hazing in Arkansas, your cooperation can be vital for justice and preventing future harm.

• Your Role: Your testimony and evidence can be critical in preventing future tragedies.
• Legal Protection: While you may fear personal repercussions, Arkansas law (ACA § 6-5-205) grants immunity from civil liability or criminal prosecution (for hazing violations) to any person who, in good faith, reports a hazing incident to police or a school official. This provision aims to encourage reporting without fear of self-incrimination for the hazing itself.
• Seeking Counsel: Consider obtaining your own legal advice from Attorney911. We can help you understand your rights and responsibilities, explore options for cooperation, and potentially mitigate any personal exposure while assisting in the pursuit of justice.

8.4 Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

Knowing what to avoid is as important as knowing what to do. Parents and students from Arkansas should steer clear of these common pitfalls:

MISTAKES THAT CAN RUIN YOUR HAZING CASE:

1. Letting your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence. What parents think: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble.” Why it’s wrong: This can be perceived as an active cover-up, potentially leading to obstruction charges and making a civil case nearly impossible. What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately and completely, even embarrassing content.
2. Confronting the fraternity/sorority directly. What parents think: “I’m going to give them a piece of my mind.” Why it’s wrong: This often prompts the organization to immediately seek legal counsel, destroy evidence, coach witnesses, and prepare their defense, often making the situation worse. What to do instead: Document everything thoroughly, then consult with a lawyer before any direct confrontation.
3. Signing university “release” or “resolution” forms without legal review. What universities sometimes do: Pressure families to sign waivers or quickly accept “internal resolution” agreements. Why it’s wrong: These documents can inadvertently waive your child’s right to pursue legal action, and initial settlements or resolutions are often significantly undervalued. What to do instead: Do NOT sign anything from the university or an insurance company without having an attorney review it first.
4. Posting details on social media prematurely. What families think: “I want people to know what happened and get justice.” Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys scour social media for any information that can discredit the victim or the claim. Inconsistencies or emotional posts can harm credibility and potentially waive legal privileges. What to do instead: Document everything privately. Your lawyer will advise on appropriate public communication.
5. Letting your child go back to “one last meeting.” What fraternities might say: “Let’s just talk this over to avoid trouble.” Why it’s wrong: These scenarios are often designed to pressure, intimidate, or elicit statements from the student that can later be used against them in legal proceedings. What to do instead: Once you are considering legal action, all communications should ideally go through your attorney.
6. Waiting “to see how the university handles it.” What universities sometimes promise: “We’re investigating; let us handle this internally to protect your child.” Why it’s wrong: While universities have a role, internal processes can be slow, lack transparency, and often prioritize the institution’s reputation over the victim’s full compensation. Meanwhile, crucial evidence can disappear, witnesses’ memories fade, or graduates move away. What to do instead: Preserve evidence immediately and consult legal counsel in parallel with any university investigation.
7. Talking to insurance adjusters without a lawyer. What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process the claim quickly.” Why it’s wrong: Insurance adjusters represent the interests of the defendant’s insurer, not the victim. Recorded statements can be used to minimize liabilities, and early settlement offers are often lowball. What to do instead: Politely decline to provide a statement and inform them that your attorney will contact them.

8.5 Short FAQ for Arkansas Families

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Arkansas?”
  Yes, under certain circumstances. While public universities in Arkansas (like the University of Arkansas or Arkansas State) may assert sovereign immunity (a legal protection from lawsuits), exceptions can apply. These exceptions often involve claims of gross negligence, deliberate indifference to known dangers, or violations of specific duties. Private universities (such as Lyon College) typically have fewer immunity protections. Every case is unique and depends heavily on specific facts and evidence. Contact Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for a case-specific analysis.

• “Is hazing a felony in Arkansas?”
  Yes, it can be. Under the Arkansas Hazing Criminal Offense Act (ACA § 6-5-201 et seq.), hazing that results in the death of a student is a Class D felony. If hazing results in serious bodily injury, it is a Class A misdemeanor. Individual students or officials who intentionally fail to report impending hazing activities may also face Class B misdemeanor charges.

• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation requirements?”
  Yes. Arkansas law (ACA § 6-5-204) explicitly states that consent of the victim is not a defense to a hazing charge if the hazing results in serious bodily injury or death. This legal provision recognizes that in coercive environments, true, freely given consent is often impossible. Defense teams cannot simply claim a victim “wanted” it if the act resulted in severe harm.

• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit in Arkansas?”
  Generally, there is a three-year statute of limitations for personal injury claims in Arkansas (ACA § 16-56-105(3)). This period typically begins from the date of the injury. For wrongful death claims, the statute of limitations is also typically three years from the date of death (ACA § 16-62-102(b)). However, complex hazing cases can involve nuances like the “discovery rule” (the clock starts when the harm or its cause was, or should have been, discovered) or “tolling” for minors. Time is critical—evidence disappears, witnesses’ memories fade, and defendants may destroy records. Immediately call Attorney911 at 1-888-ATTY-911 for guidance.

• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
  The location of the hazing, whether on-campus, off-campus, at a private residence, or an undisclosed location, does not inherently eliminate liability. Universities and national fraternities can still be held responsible based on their knowledge, sponsorship of the organization, failure to supervise, and the foreseeability of hazing occurring off-campus. Many major national hazing cases, including those that led to multi-million-dollar judgments, occurred at off-campus houses or remote retreats.

• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  The vast majority of hazing cases settle out of court, often with confidentiality clauses that protect the privacy of the victim and their family. While Attorney911 works tirelessly to ensure accountability, we also prioritize your family’s privacy and work to minimize public exposure. Your attorney can discuss options for sealed court records and confidential settlement terms.

• “What if I’m worried about my child facing repercussions from the university or the organization if we report?”
  Fear of retaliation is a major barrier to reporting hazing. However, Arkansas law (ACA § 6-5-205) provides immunity from disciplinary action by the school for any student, faculty, or staff who makes a report of hazing in good faith. Additionally, many universities have policies against retaliation. An attorney can help you understand these protections and ensure your child is shielded from unfair repercussions.

9. About The Manginello Law Firm + Call to Action for Arkansas Families

When your family in Arkansas faces the unimaginable pain and injustice of hazing, you need legal advocates who not only understand the profound emotional toll but also possess the strategic insight and unwavering resolve to confront powerful institutions. You need more than a general personal injury lawyer; you need attorneys who understand how universities and national organizations fight back—and how to win despite their formidable defenses.

Our firm, The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, operating as Attorney911, the Legal Emergency Lawyers™, is a Texas-based personal injury and complex litigation firm uniquely positioned to handle hazing cases for families across Arkansas and nationwide. While we are Texas-based, our reach extends to investigating incidents anywhere, partnering with skilled local co-counsel in Arkansas when needed, to provide families with seamless, aggressive representation. We handle the strategy and confrontation, ensuring that local expertise complements our national approach.

Why Attorney911 for Hazing Cases

• Insurance Insider Advantage with Lupe Peña: Our associate attorney, Lupe Peña, brings invaluable insight. As a former insurance defense attorney for a national firm (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), she understands the intricate strategies used by fraternity and university insurance companies. She knows their tactics for minimizing payouts, exploiting policy loopholes, and delaying claims. “We know their playbook because we used to run it.” This insider perspective is a game-changer in settlement negotiations and litigation.
• Complex Litigation Against Massive Institutions with Ralph Manginello: Ralph Manginello, our managing partner (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/), is no stranger to taking on formidable opponents. He was one of the few Texas attorneys involved in the massive BP Texas City explosion litigation, a case that demonstrated our firm’s capability to challenge billion-dollar corporations. Whether it’s a national fraternity, a state university system, or a powerful private institution, we are not intimidated. “We’ve taken on billion-dollar corporations and won. We know how to fight powerful defendants.”
• Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death and Catastrophic Injury Experience: Our firm has a proven track record in complex wrongful death and catastrophic injury cases (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/), securing multi-million dollar results for grieving families. We meticulously assess the full scope of damages, collaborating with economists and life care planners to project long-term financial needs for victims of severe brain injury, rhabdomyolysis, or other permanent disabilities. “We don’t settle cheap. We build cases that force accountability.”
• Dual Criminal + Civil Hazing Expertise: Ralph’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) underscores our understanding of both the civil and criminal implications of hazing. When hazing leads to criminal charges, we can advise on how these proceedings intertwine with and influence any concurrent civil litigation, providing comprehensive counsel.
• Investigative Depth and Modern Evidence Collection: We understand that hazing cases are won through evidence. Our team deploys cutting-edge investigative techniques, including digital forensics to recover deleted messages from group chats, social media, and other platforms. We routinely subpoena national fraternity records, university internal files, medical records, and expert psychological evaluations to build an irrefutable timeline of events and pattern of negligence. “We investigate like your child’s life depends on it—because it does.”
• Empathy and Relentless Advocacy: We recognize that families in Arkansas confronting hazing are often in immense pain. Our approach balances aggressive legal representation with profound empathy. We listen without judgment, understanding the complex emotional landscape of betrayal, fear, and grief. Our job is to get you answers, hold all responsible parties accountable, and help enact changes that prevent this from happening to another family.

Call to Action for Arkansas Families

If your child has been impacted by hazing at any university, whether in Arkansas or in a neighboring state like Texas, we want to hear from you. Families in Arkansas and throughout the surrounding region deserve answers and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We will listen intently to your story, explain your legal options under Arkansas, Texas, or other relevant state laws, and help you decide on the best path forward for your family.

What to expect in your free consultation:

• We will listen to your story empathetically, without judgment.
• We’ll review any evidence you have already collected—photos, texts, medical records.
• We will explain your legal options: whether to pursue a criminal report, a civil lawsuit, both, or neither.
• We will discuss realistic timelines and what the legal process typically involves.
• We will answer your questions about costs, as we work on a contingency fee basis – meaning we don’t get paid unless we win your case. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc)
• There is no pressure to hire us on the spot – take the time you need to make this important decision.
• Everything you share with us is held in strict confidence.

You don’t have to face this alone. Call Attorney911 today.

• Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• Direct: (713) 528-9070
• Cell: (713) 443-4781
• Website: https://attorney911.com
• Email: ralph@atty911.com

Hablamos Español: Contact Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com for consultation in Spanish. Servicios legales en español disponibles.

Whether you’re in Little Rock, Fort Smith, Fayetteville, or anywhere across Arkansas, if hazing has impacted your family, justice is within reach. We are here to fight for you. Learn more about important client considerations, including common mistakes to avoid in your case, by watching our video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified attorney licensed in Arkansas or the state where the incident occurred, who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com