North Carolina Families: A Complete Guide to Hazing, Law, and Accountability in Texas Universities

In North Carolina, the spirit of community and the pursuit of higher education are deeply valued. Families across our state invest so much in their children’s futures, often sending them to the vibrant and diverse university campuses of Texas. Imagine the anticipation and excitement of your child embarking on this new chapter—only for it to be tragically overshadowed by the destructive force of hazing.

Picture a scene, perhaps not far from home for many North Carolina families, where the excitement of joining a college organization turns sinister. It’s late evening at an off-campus house in Austin, or Houston, or perhaps a College Station ranch, where new members of a fraternity, sorority, or even an athletic club are gathered. What began as an introduction to “brotherhood” or “sisterhood” gradually escalates. The atmosphere darkens as pledges are subjected to humiliating tasks, forced to consume egregious amounts of alcohol, or endure grueling physical challenges that push them past their limits. Chants grow louder, phones appear to record, and the line between “tradition” and outright abuse blurs. Suddenly, a student collapses, severely intoxicated or physically injured, but calls for help are delayed—not out of malice, but fear within the group of “getting the chapter in trouble.” This isn’t just a hypothetical scenario for Texas families; it’s a recurring nightmare that has scarred countless lives.

This scene, sadly, is not uncommon at Texas universities, where many North Carolina students pursue their dreams. The Manginello Law Firm / Attorney911 developed this guide specifically for families in North Carolina and across Texas. We aim to equip you with critical information about modern hazing, its devastating consequences, and the legal avenues available to those affected. From our Houston office, we serve families throughout Texas, including North Carolina and surrounding areas, helping them seek justice and accountability against powerful institutions.

You will learn:

• What hazing truly looks like in 2025, far beyond outdated stereotypes.
• The intricacies of Texas and federal hazing laws.
• How major national hazing cases set crucial legal precedents for Texas families.
• Specific insights into the hazing landscape at prominent Texas universities: University of Houston (UH), Texas A&M University, University of Texas at Austin (UT), Southern Methodist University (SMU), and Baylor University.
• The historical patterns of hazing in various Greek organizations and how they inform current legal strategies.
• Practical steps for building a compelling legal case, understanding potential damages, and navigating the complexities of hazing litigation.
• Actionable advice for parents, students, and witnesses caught in hazing situations.

If you are a North Carolina parent with a child in a Texas university, or vice versa, this guide is designed to empower you with knowledge and, if necessary, to help you understand your legal options. Our commitment is to provide clear, reliable information, though please remember this article offers general guidance and not specific legal advice.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES:

• If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

  • Call 911 for medical emergencies
  • Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
  • We provide immediate help – that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

• In the first 48 hours:

  • Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
  • Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
    • Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
    • Photograph injuries from multiple angles
    • Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
  • Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
  • Do NOT:
    • Confront the fraternity/sorority
    • Sign anything from the university or insurance company
    • Post details on public social media
    • Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

• Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

  • Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
  • Universities move quickly to control the narrative
  • We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
  • Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like

For North Carolina families unfamiliar with modern Greek life or other student organizations, hazing can be a difficult concept to grasp. It’s often misunderstood as merely harmless pranks or outdated rituals. However, hazing in 2025 is far more insidious, encompassing a wide spectrum of behaviors that endanger mental and physical health. It thrives on power imbalances, coercion, secrecy, and a false sense of tradition. The legal definition in Texas, and indeed in most states, is broad because the potential for harm is so expansive. It’s crucial to understand that consent is rarely truly voluntary in these contexts, rendering the “I agreed to it” defense legally and morally hollow.

Hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to joining, maintaining membership in, or gaining status within a group, where such behavior endangers physical or mental health, humiliates, or exploits. This can range from subtle forms of psychological manipulation to life-threatening physical assaults, and it extends far beyond the traditional stereotypes.

Main Categories of Hazing

Current hazing practices fall into several key categories, often overlapping and escalating in severity:

• Alcohol and Substance Hazing: This remains one of the most dangerous and prevalent forms. It involves forced or coerced drinking of excessive amounts of alcohol, often in rapid succession during “lineups” or “drinking games.” Pledges might be pressured to consume unknown substances or mixtures, leading to alcohol poisoning, injury, or death. These events are frequently tied to “Big/Little” reveal nights, where new members are expected to bond with an older mentor through dangerous levels of alcohol consumption.

• Physical Hazing: This category includes direct physical abuse such as paddling or brutal beatings. It also encompasses extreme calisthenics, often called “workouts” or “smokings,” that push pledges far beyond reasonable physical limits, leading to conditions like rhabdomyolysis—a severe muscle breakdown. Sleep deprivation, food or water deprivation, and exposure to extreme environmental conditions (hot or cold without proper attire) are also common tactics used to break down a new member’s resistance.

• Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing: These acts are deeply degrading and psychologically damaging. They can involve forced nudity or partial nudity, simulated sexual acts like “roasted pig” positions, or demands to wear humiliating costumes. Often, these activities contain racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise discriminatory overtones, with new members subjected to slurs or forced role-playing of demeaning stereotypes.

• Psychological Hazing: This type of hazing causes significant emotional and mental distress. It includes sustained verbal abuse, constant threats, social isolation from non-group members, and manipulative tactics designed to instill fear or guilt. Public shaming, whether in-person during meetings or on social media, isolates the individual and strips them of their dignity. This form creates an environment of constant anxiety and fear, laying the groundwork for more severe abuse.

• Digital/Online Hazing: With the ubiquity of smartphones and social media, hazing has found new, insidious platforms. This can involve constant monitoring of pledges through group chats that demand immediate responses at all hours, preventing sleep or academic focus. Pledges might be forced to participate in humiliating “challenges” on Instagram, Snapchat, or TikTok, create or share compromising images or videos, or be subjected to cyberstalking and harassment if they do not comply with demands. Digital humiliation, such as creating memes mocking pledges and sharing them in private groups or through controlled posts, amplifies the psychological torment while leaving a digital footprint that is often hard to erase. This allows hazing to permeate a student’s life 24/7, making escape nearly impossible.

Where Hazing Actually Happens

Hazing is not confined to one type of organization or campus group. While fraternities and sororities (including Interfraternity Council, Panhellenic, National Pan-Hellenic Council, and multicultural organizations) are frequently associated with hazing, it is present in a much broader array of student activities. For North Carolina families, it is vital to be aware that hazing can occur in:

• Corps of Cadets / ROTC / Military-Style Groups: These organizations, prevalent at schools like Texas A&M, often have strong traditions and hierarchies that can be exploited for hazing, with “training” sometimes crossing into abuse.
• Athletic Teams: From football and basketball to soccer and cheerleading, hazing can manifest as forced drinking, physical abuse (e.g., getting “smoked” with excessive exercise), or humiliating initiation rituals that players feel they must endure to earn a spot on the team.
• Marching Bands and Performance Groups: Even seemingly benign groups like marching bands, orchestras, or drama clubs can develop hazing cultures, where new members are subjected to physical challenges, sleep deprivation, or public humiliation in the name of “bonding” or “earning your spot.”
• Spirit Squads, Tradition Clubs, and Honor Societies: Organizations like the Texas Cowboys at UT Austin or other campus traditions can become breeding grounds for hazing, especially when coupled with a strong emphasis on secret rituals and unquestioning loyalty.
• Some Service, Cultural, and Academic Organizations: Even groups with positive missions can occasionally fall prey to hazing, where “earning your letters” or “proving commitment” involves uncomfortable or abusive practices.

Societal anthropologist and hazing expert Hank Nuwer notes that new members are often “initiated” into groups for social status, tradition, and secrecy within peer groups. This perpetuates hazing practices, even though most participants “know” hazing is illegal and immoral. The powerful desire to belong, particularly in a new university environment, often overrides a new member’s better judgment, making them vulnerable to exploitation.

Law & Liability Framework (Texas + Federal)

For North Carolina families, understanding the legal landscape of hazing in Texas is crucial. The law provides a framework for accountability and, in many cases, for preventing future tragedies. Hazing is unequivocally illegal, and victims and their families have significant legal rights.

Texas Hazing Law Basics (Education Code)

Texas has a specific legal framework in place to combat hazing, primarily outlined in the Texas Education Code, Chapter 37, Subchapter F. This code broadly defines and prohibits hazing, holding both individuals and organizations accountable.

Under Texas law, hazing is defined as any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, by one person alone or with others, directed against a student, that:

• Endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student, and
• Occurs for the purpose of pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members include students.

This definition is critical because it clarifies several key points:

• Location is irrelevant: Hazing can happen both on or off campus. The location of the incident does not absolve anyone of responsibility.
• Both mental and physical harm: Hazing doesn’t just refer to physical injuries. Acts that cause severe mental or emotional distress, humiliation, or exploitation are also prohibited.
• Intent: The law covers intentional acts, but also those committed knowingly (aware of their harmful nature) or recklessly (disregarding a known risk). Malicious intent is not always required.
• “Consent” is not a defense: As explicitly stated in Texas Education Code § 37.155, “It is not a defense to prosecution for hazing that the person on whom the hazing was inflicted consented to the hazing activity.” This is a crucial protection for victims, acknowledging the coercive nature of hazing.

Criminal Penalties:
Hazing can carry significant criminal penalties in Texas:

• A basic hazing violation is a Class B Misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000.
• If the hazing causes bodily injury, it becomes a Class A Misdemeanor.
• If the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death, it is upgraded to a State Jail Felony, carrying a potential prison sentence.
• Additionally, individuals (including officers of an organization) who know about hazing and intentionally or knowingly fail to report it can face misdemeanor charges. Retaliating against someone who reports hazing is also a misdemeanor.

Organizational Liability:
Texas Education Code § 37.153 also extends criminal liability to organizations. A student organization can be found criminally liable for hazing if it authorized or encouraged the hazing, or if an officer or member acting in an official capacity knew about the hazing and failed to report it. Penalties for organizations can include fines up to $10,000 per violation and institutional sanctions, such as revocation of recognition and a ban from campus.

Reporter Protections:
Texas law provides a shield for those who come forward. Texas Education Code § 37.154 grants immunity from civil or criminal liability to any person who, in good faith, reports a hazing incident to university officials or law enforcement. Furthermore, in circumstances involving a medical emergency due to hazing (especially alcohol poisoning), Texas law often provides “medical amnesty” or good-faith reporter protection for individuals who call for help, even if they were underage drinking or involved in the hazing.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases

It’s important to differentiate between criminal and civil legal actions, as both can arise from hazing incidents.

• Criminal Cases: These are initiated by the state (prosecutors) against individuals or organizations accused of violating hazing laws or related criminal statutes (e.g., assault, furnishing alcohol to minors, negligent homicide). The goal is to punish the accused through fines, probation, or incarceration. A hazing incident can lead to both criminal charges against individuals and institutional criminal charges against the organization itself.
• Civil Cases: These are lawsuits filed by victims or their surviving family members against those responsible for the harm. The primary objective is to obtain monetary compensation for the damages suffered (medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering, wrongful death). Civil lawsuits are distinct from criminal prosecutions; a victim can pursue a civil claim even if criminal charges are not filed or do not result in a conviction. Civil cases against hazing often center on theories of:
  • Negligence/Gross Negligence: Arguing that individuals, the organization, or the university failed in their duty of care.
  • Wrongful Death: Filed by the family when hazing leads to a fatality.
  • Assault and Battery: For physical harms inflicted.
  • Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: For severe psychological harm.
  • Vicarious Liability: Holding a national organization responsible for the actions of its local chapter.

Both criminal and civil investigations can proceed concurrently. An experienced legal team, like Attorney911, can help families navigate both complex pathways.

Federal Overlay: Stop Campus Hazing Act, Title IX, Clery

Beyond Texas state law, federal regulations also play a significant role in addressing hazing on college campuses.

• Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024): This crucial federal legislation aims to increase transparency and accountability for hazing on campuses nationwide. It mandates that colleges and universities receiving federal funding must:

  • Publicly report hazing incidents and related disciplinary actions more comprehensively.
  • Strengthen hazing education and prevention programs.
  • Maintain and make publicly accessible data on hazing violations (these provisions are being phased in, with full compliance expected by around 2026).
    This act empowers families (including those in North Carolina) by providing more accessible information about hazing patterns at prospective universities.

• Title IX: This federal law prohibits sex-based discrimination in education. When hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, gender-based humiliation, or creates a hostile environment based on sex, Title IX obligations are triggered. Universities have a legal duty to investigate and respond promptly and effectively to such complaints, on or off campus.

• Clery Act: The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act requires colleges and universities to disclose information about crime on and around their campuses. While not exclusively about hazing, many hazing incidents involve crimes (assault, alcohol/drug violations) that must be included in a university’s annual security report, offering another source of information for families.

Who Can Be Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit

Determining who is legally responsible in a hazing incident can be complex, often involving multiple parties. An experienced hazing attorney knows how to identify all potential defendants to ensure full accountability.

• Individual Students: Those directly involved in inflicting harm, planning hazing events, providing alcohol, or failing to intervene can be held personally liable for their actions. This includes older members, pledge trainers, and even new members who participate in hazing others.
• Local Chapter/Organization: The campus chapter (e.g., fraternity, sorority, club) can be sued as a distinct legal entity. Liability often arises from direct participation, authorization of hazing, or negligence in supervising members or events.
• National Fraternity/Sorority: The national organization (headquarters) plays a critical role. They establish policies, provide training, collect dues, and often have disciplinary authority over local chapters. National organizations can be held liable if they knew or should have known about a pattern of hazing within a chapter or organization, failed to enforce their anti-hazing policies, or negligently supervised the chapter. Their liability often hinges on foreseeability—whether the national body could have predicted such an incident given past violations or widespread hazing practices.
• University or Governing Board: Colleges and universities, both public and private, can face lawsuits for hazing. Their liability often stems from:
  • Negligent Supervision: Failing to adequately oversee student organizations or enforce their own anti-hazing policies.
  • Deliberate Indifference: Knowing about hazing risks but failing to take appropriate action.
  • Breach of Contract: Failing to provide a safe learning environment as implicitly or explicitly promised.
  • Premises Liability: If hazing occurs on university property.
    Public universities in Texas (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) may assert sovereign immunity, but exceptions often apply in cases of gross negligence, Title IX violations, or when suing individual employees for their direct actions. Private universities (SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections.
• Third Parties: Other entities may also bear responsibility:
  • Property Owners: Landlords or owners of off-campus houses, Airbnb rentals, or event venues where hazing occurs may be liable if they knew or should have known about illegal activities on their property.
  • Alcohol Providers: Bars, stores, or individuals who illegally furnish alcohol to minors that contributes to a hazing incident can be held liable under “dram shop” laws or social host liability.

Identifying all liable parties is a cornerstone of a comprehensive legal strategy, ensuring victims can seek the full compensation they deserve.

National Hazing Case Patterns (Anchor Stories)

The tragic deaths and severe injuries resulting from hazing often make national headlines, serving as stark reminders of the pervasive dangers within student organizations. These cases, many of which are now historical anchor points, reveal recurring patterns of abuse, negligence, and cover-ups. For Texas families, these national precedents are crucial, as they shape the legal landscape and demonstrate the potential for successful civil litigation against powerful institutional defendants.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death Pattern

Forced alcohol consumption remains the most common and deadliest form of hazing. Several high-profile cases highlight this destructive pattern:

• Timothy Piazza – Penn State, Beta Theta Pi (2017): In one of the most widely publicized hazing cases, 19-year-old Timothy Piazza died after a “bid acceptance” event involving extreme alcohol consumption. Security cameras captured Piazza suffering severe falls and internal injuries, while fraternity brothers delayed seeking medical help for nearly 12 hours. This case resulted in dozens of criminal charges against fraternity members, ongoing civil litigation, and the enactment of the Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law in Pennsylvania, making hazing a felony under certain circumstances. The delay in calling 911 and the culture of silence underscore the lethal consequences of such events.

• Andrew Coffey – Florida State University, Pi Kappa Phi (2017): Andrew Coffey, a 20-year-old pledge, died from acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night” event. Pledges were given full handles of liquor and pressured to consume them quickly. This tragedy led to criminal hazing charges against multiple members and a temporary suspension of all Greek life at FSU. His death, alongside others, spurred Florida’s aggressive anti-hazing legislation.

• Maxwell “Max” Gruver – Louisiana State University, Phi Delta Theta (2017): Max Gruver, 18, died after a “Bible study” drinking game where he was forced to consume excessive alcohol for incorrect answers. His blood alcohol content was 0.495%, nearly fatal. This case led to criminal convictions, including a negligent homicide charge against one member, and the passage of the Max Gruver Act in Louisiana, a felony hazing statute. The case illuminated how seemingly innocuous “games” can turn deadly, and how the absence of immediate medical intervention exacerbates outcomes. The Gruver family received a $6.1 million verdict from individual members and insurers, demonstrating significant financial accountability.

• Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State University, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021): Stone Foltz, 20, died after being forced to consume an entire bottle of alcohol during a “Big/Little” pledge night. This resulted in multiple criminal convictions against fraternity members for hazing-related offenses. The Foltz family reached a $10 million settlement in 2023, with $7 million paid by Pi Kappa Alpha national and nearly $3 million paid by Bowling Green State University. His death led to Ohio’s Collin’s Law, which significantly increased hazing penalties. This case underscored that universities can also be held financially liable for hazing tragedies.

Physical & Ritualized Hazing Pattern

Beyond alcohol, physical and psychologically brutal rituals characterize many hazing incidents.

• Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013): During a fraternity retreat in Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, Michael Deng was blindfolded, weighted down with a heavy backpack, and repeatedly tackled during a “glass ceiling” ritual. He suffered a fatal traumatic brain injury, and his fraternity brothers delayed calling 911 for an hour, attempting a cover-up. This landmark case resulted in multiple criminal convictions, most notably the national fraternity itself being criminally convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter, a rare outcome that banned Pi Delta Psi from Pennsylvania for 10 years and imposed heavy fines. The case set a precedent for organizational criminal liability, even for off-campus incidents.

Athletic Program Hazing & Abuse

Hazing is not limited to Greek life; it infiltrates many other campus organizations, including competitive sports.

• Northwestern University Football (2023–2025): Widespread allegations emerged from former football players describing sexualized, racist, and physically abusive hazing within the program over multiple years. This scandal led to the firing of head coach Pat Fitzgerald, who later filed a wrongful-termination lawsuit against the university (which was confidentially settled). Multiple players have sued Northwestern, bringing to light systemic issues in high-profile college athletics and raising questions about institutional oversight. This case serves as a stark reminder for North Carolina families that hazing risks exist across different types of student groups.

What These Cases Mean for Texas Families

These national cases share chilling common threads: often, they involve forced drinking, extreme humiliation, physical violence, and critically, delayed or denied medical care exacerbated by attempts at cover-up. The resulting legal actions and public outrage have frequently led to significant legislative changes across states and multi-million-dollar settlements or verdicts for victims’ families.

For families in North Carolina with children attending Texas universities, these precedents are not distant tragedies; they are a vital part of the legal landscape. They demonstrate that:

• Accountability is possible: Despite the power of fraternities, national organizations, and universities, victims and their families can achieve justice.
• Foreseeability is key: The repeated nature of these incidents, particularly within specific national organizations, strengthens arguments that these groups knew or should have known the risks.
• Damages can be substantial: The multi-million-dollar outcomes reflect the catastrophic human cost of hazing.

Texas hazing laws and civil litigation are directly influenced by the lessons learned from these cases. Whether your child is at UH, Texas A&M, UT Austin, SMU, Baylor, or another Texas institution, understanding these patterns is the first step toward seeking justice.

Texas Focus: UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, Baylor

For North Carolina families, understanding the specific environments and hazing histories of major Texas universities is key to making informed decisions and, if necessary, pursuing accountability. These institutions, while pillars of education, have all faced scrutiny regarding hazing.

5.1 University of Houston (UH)

The University of Houston, a vibrant urban campus in the heart of our state’s largest city, attracts many students from diverse backgrounds, including those from North Carolina seeking a dynamic college experience. As Houston is home to Attorney911, the University of Houston holds a particularly significant place in our firm’s history, as a major hazing case with our firm as counsel recently unfolded here. The University of Houston serves over 47,000 students and maintains an active Greek life community, making an understanding of its policies and past incidents crucial for North Carolina families considering this institution.

5.1.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UH is a large, diverse public university with a mix of commuter and residential students. Its campus culture fosters a wide array of student organizations, including a robust Greek life with numerous Interfraternity Council (IFC), Panhellenic, National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), and multicultural chapters. In addition, UH boasts numerous sports clubs, academic groups, and special interest organizations, all of which are subject to the university’s anti-hazing policies. Many families in North Carolina choose UH for its strong academic programs and its proximity to Houston’s vast job market and cultural opportunities.

5.1.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Houston strictly prohibits hazing, articulating its stance in comprehensive policies that apply to all student organizations, on or off campus. UH’s hazing policy, like state law, defines hazing broadly to include any act that endangers the mental or physical health of a participant for the purpose of initiation or affiliation. The policy specifically forbids forced consumption of alcohol or drugs, physical mistreatment, sleep deprivation, and any activity that could cause mental distress.

UH provides several avenues for reporting hazing: through the Dean of Students office, the Office of Student Conduct, and the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD). The university also posts information regarding its hazing policies and, to some extent, disciplinary actions taken against organizations, on its website. This commitment to transparency, while sometimes imperfect in practice, is a vital resource for North Carolina families seeking to understand the university’s record.

5.1.3 Example Incident & Response

The University of Houston has faced its share of hazing incidents. In 2016, for instance, the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity faced severe allegations. Pledges were reportedly deprived of adequate food, water, and sleep during a multi-day event. One particularly egregious account detailed a student suffering a lacerated spleen after allegedly being slammed onto a table or similar surface. This incident led to misdemeanor hazing charges against some members and a university suspension for the chapter. While this case garnered significant attention, other disciplinary actions against fraternities often involve violations such as alcohol misuse and activities “likely to produce mental or physical discomfort.” These incidents highlight a pattern of recurring issues despite university prohibitions.

Recently, our firm, Attorney911, filed a significant lawsuit tied to a hazing incident at UH involving the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity. Leonel Bermudez, a transfer student and fall 2025 pledge, suffered acute kidney failure and rhabdomyolysis following alleged severe hazing. This incident, occurring primarily at the Pi Kappa Phi chapter house and nearby residences, involved forced physical exertion, degrading rituals like carrying a “pledge fanny pack” with humiliating contents, hose spraying “like waterboarding,” forced consumption until vomiting, and brutal workouts at Yellowstone Boulevard Park. The severity of the alleged hazing resulted in Bermudez’s urine turning brown due to muscle breakdown, leading to a four-day hospitalization and ongoing risk of permanent kidney damage. Attorney911, with Ralph Manginello and Lupe Peña as lead counsel, filed a lawsuit seeking more than $10 million against the University of Houston, its Board of Regents, Pi Kappa Phi national, its housing corporation, and 13 individual fraternity leaders. The chapter was suspended on November 6, 2025, and surrendered its charter on November 14, 2025, just days after the lawsuit was filed. As Ralph Manginello stated at the time, “His urine was brown… We’re almost in 2026. This has to stop.”

5.1.4 How a UH Hazing Case Might Proceed

For North Carolina families, understanding the procedural aspects of a hazing case in Houston is important. Investigations into severe hazing incidents at UH may involve multiple law enforcement agencies, including the University of Houston Police Department (UHPD) for on-campus activities, and the Houston Police Department (HPD) for off-campus incidents in the city. Criminal charges, if appropriate, would be handled by the Harris County District Attorney’s Office.

Civil lawsuits stemming from UH hazing incidents would typically be filed in courts with jurisdiction over Harris County. Potential defendants could include the individual students involved, the local chapter, the national fraternity or sorority, and potentially the University of Houston and its governing bodies. Cases against public universities like UH may involve discussions of sovereign immunity, but exceptions often exist, particularly in instances of gross negligence or Title IX violations. Attorney911’s experience in Houston and Harris County courts, including complex litigation against major institutions, is invaluable in navigating these specific legal landscapes.

5.1.5 What UH Students & Parents Should Do

For North Carolina students attending UH and their parents, proactive measures are paramount:

• Understand UH’s Policies: Familiarize yourself with the University of Houston’s anti-hazing policy and reporting procedures, which are generally available on the university’s student affairs website.
• Document Everything: If you suspect or experience hazing, document all incidents with dates, times, locations, and names. This includes taking photos of injuries, and screenshots of text messages, group chats, or social media posts that provide evidence of hazing.
• Report Concerns Internally (with caution): UH provides channels like the Dean of Students office or UHPD. However, be aware that internal university processes sometimes prioritize institutional reputation over victim’s rights. Consult an attorney before engaging deeply with internal investigations.
• Seek Legal Counsel: If hazing has resulted in injury or significant emotional distress, contact an attorney, especially one experienced in Houston-based hazing cases, like Attorney911. Our firm can help navigate the complexities of evidence collection, reporting to authorities, and pursuing civil claims, ensuring that your rights are protected against individuals and institutions, including those in Harris County.
• Prioritize Safety: If your child is in immediate danger, call 911 first, then alert university authorities and legal counsel.

5.2 Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University, particularly in College Station, represents a distinctive blend of tradition, rigorous academics, and a strong sense of community. Attracting students from across the nation, including many North Carolina families, A&M’s unique culture—especially the Corps of Cadets—can influence the dynamics around hazing.

5.2.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Texas A&M is a highly traditional public university, known for its deep-rooted history, loyalty, and the distinctive Corps of Cadets. Greek life is also prominent, with many fraternities and sororities upholding long-standing practices. This emphasis on tradition and group identity, while often fostering strong bonds, can sometimes create environments where hazing is rationalized as part of “earning your Aggie Ring” or “building character.” For North Carolina families, understanding this strong traditional culture is key to navigating potential hazing risks.

5.2.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Texas A&M maintains a strict anti-hazing policy applicable to all student organizations, including Greek life, the Corps of Cadets, athletic teams, and other clubs, whether on or off campus. The university broadly defines hazing to cover any act that causes physical or mental harm or degradation as part of initiation or membership. A&M actively provides multiple reporting channels, including the Division of Student Affairs, the Department of Residence Life, the Corps of Cadets leadership, and the Texas A&M University Police Department (UPD). The university website details these policies and provides resources for students and parents.

5.2.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Texas A&M’s rich traditions, particularly within the Corps of Cadets, have sometimes historically blurred lines regarding hazing. A deeply disturbing incident came to light in 2023 with a Corps of Cadets lawsuit. A former cadet alleged degrading hazing rituals, including being forced into simulated sexual acts and being bound in a “roasted pig” pose with an apple in his mouth. While Texas A&M stated it addressed the matter through its internal conduct processes, such allegations highlight the potential for hazing within even highly structured, military-style organizations.

In the Greek system, a prominent case involved Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Around 2021, pledges alleged severe hazing including being covered in industrial-strength cleaner and other substances, resulting in severe chemical burns requiring skin grafts. This led to criminal charges and the fraternity’s suspension. Another notable incident in 1997 involved Phi Gamma Delta, where an asthma attack during hazing activities contributed to the death of a pledge. These incidents, occurring both within Greek life and the Corps, demonstrate that hazing at Texas A&M can take diverse and dangerous forms.

5.2.4 How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

For North Carolina families, pursuing a hazing case against Texas A&M involves navigating litigation against a public university. Cases would be handled by the Brazos County court system for local incidents, and potentially federal court if federal laws (like Title IX) are implicated. While Texas A&M, as a state institution, may assert sovereign immunity, this protection is not absolute. Exceptions for gross negligence, certain constitutional violations, or suits against individuals in their personal capacity can be explored. Experienced legal counsel, such as Attorney911, understands how to penetrate these defenses and hold institutions and individuals accountable.

5.2.5 What Texas A&M Students & Parents Should Do

• Be Vigilant with Traditions: North Carolina students and parents should investigate the specific traditions of any group at A&M, especially those within the Corps or certain fraternities, to distinguish between respectful heritage and potentially abusive practices.
• Report Internally if Safe: Utilize Texas A&M’s reporting procedures through Student Affairs, UPD, or Corps leadership. However, always exercise caution with internal investigations, and consider consulting an attorney first.
• Document Evidence Diligently: As with any hazing incident, detailed documentation—photos, screenshots of communications (group chats involving SAE chapters have often been key), medical records, and witness statements—is paramount.
• Contact Legal Counsel Promptly: Given the complex legal dynamics of a large public university, North Carolina families should seek legal advice from a firm experienced in Texas hazing cases, like Attorney911 (1-888-ATTY-911), which can provide guidance on navigating both university protocols and civil litigation to pursue justice in College Station or elsewhere in Texas.

5.3 University of Texas at Austin (UT)

The University of Texas at Austin, a flagship institution in the capital city, is a hub for high-achieving students, including many from North Carolina drawn to its prestige and vibrant city life. Its expansive Greek system and numerous spirit organizations frequently face hazing allegations, underscoring the need for vigilance from prospective students and their families.

5.3.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

UT Austin is a sprawling public university known for its demanding academics, passionate alumni network, and a dynamic student body. Greek life thrives here, along with a wide array of student organizations, athletic groups, and spirit associations deeply embedded in campus tradition. The highly competitive and socially active environment can, at times, foster conditions where hazing rituals are perceived as necessary rites of passage. For North Carolina families, understanding UT’s extensive social scene is crucial for evaluating its risks.

5.3.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

The University of Texas at Austin maintains a clear and robust anti-hazing policy that strictly forbids any form of hazing, both on and off campus. Their definition aligns closely with Texas state law, encompassing any act that endangers physical or mental health as part of initiation or membership. UT Austin is notably more transparent than many other universities, publishing a comprehensive online database of hazing violations that details organizations, dates, the nature of the conduct, and the sanctions imposed. This public log is an invaluable resource for families in North Carolina and elsewhere to research specific organizations. Reporting channels include the Dean of Students, the UT Police Department (UTPD), and anonymous online forms.

5.3.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

UT Austin’s public hazing violations log reveals a persistent pattern of incidents across various student groups. For instance, Pi Kappa Alpha faced sanctions in 2023 after new members were allegedly forced to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics, actions clearly defined as hazing. This incident resulted in probation and mandatory hazing-prevention education. Other organizations, such as the Texas Wranglers (a spirit organization) and various athletic groups, have been sanctioned for alcohol-related hazing, forced workouts, and humiliating practices designed to punish new members or “build character.”

In 2018, the Texas Cowboys, a prestigious spirit group, faced severe allegations when the parents of a “new man” who died in a truck accident claimed sleep deprivation and other hazing practices were factors. While initially ruled an accident, the incident highlighted the potential dangers within tradition-laden organizations. These repeated violations, despite severe sanctions, demonstrate the entrenched nature of hazing at UT.

5.3.4 How a UT Austin Hazing Case Might Proceed

Hazing cases at UT Austin can be complex. Investigations may involve UTPD for campus incidents or the Austin Police Department (APD) for off-campus events in the city. Criminal charges would be prosecuted by the Travis County District Attorney’s Office.

Civil lawsuits against UT Austin, as a public university, would navigate state sovereign immunity defenses. However, exceptions for gross negligence, Title IX violations (if sex-based discrimination is involved), and suits against individuals in their personal capacity provide avenues for accountability. The public hazing violations log is often a critical piece of evidence in civil cases, demonstrating a history of prior warnings and the university’s knowledge of recurring problems within specific organizations. An experienced legal team familiar with the Travis County court system and federal litigation is essential for North Carolina families considering a lawsuit.

5.3.5 What UT Austin Students & Parents Should Do

• Consult the Hazing Violations Log: North Carolina families should thoroughly review UT Austin’s official Hazing Violations page (often found on the Dean of Students website) to identify any history of misconduct within desired organizations.
• Document Everything: If hazing occurs, meticulously document every detail: screenshots of group chats, texts, photos of injuries or humiliating acts, and precise records of dates, times, and locations. The digital trail is particularly vital given the prevalence of digital hazing.
• Understand Reporting Nuances: While UT provides various reporting channels, families should understand that internal investigations may not always align with their best interests. Legal counsel can advise on the optimal reporting strategy to maximize accountability and protect rights.
• Seek Prompt Legal Advice: For any significant injury or emotional distress resulting from hazing at UT, North Carolina families should immediately contact an experienced hazing attorney. Attorney911 (1-888-ATTY-911) has deep expertise in navigating Texas hazing laws and civil claims against major universities.

5.4 Southern Methodist University (SMU)

Southern Methodist University (SMU), a private university located in Dallas, Texas, is renowned for its beautiful campus, strong academic programs, and vibrant student life, attracting many North Carolina students. With a prominent Greek system deeply integrated into its social fabric, SMU has also faced its share of hazing scrutiny. For North Carolina families, understanding SMU’s unique environment is crucial when considering hazing risks.

5.4.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

SMU is a private, selective university in a sophisticated urban setting, known for its strong emphasis on tradition, leadership, and a competitive social scene. Greek life plays a central role in campus social activities, and many students participate in fraternities and sororities within the Interfraternity Council (IFC) and Panhellenic systems. This social dynamic, coupled with the pressure to maintain exclusivity and tradition, can sometimes create an environment susceptible to hazing, where new members feel compelled to participate to gain acceptance.

5.4.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

SMU maintains clear anti-hazing policies that prohibit any act that endangers the mental or physical health of a student for the purpose of initiation, admission, or affiliation with any organization. SMU’s policies align with Texas state law and explicitly forbid forced consumption of alcohol or drugs, physical exercise, sleep deprivation, or any activity that causes mental distress, shame, degradation, or humiliation.

SMU provides various channels for students and parents to report hazing, including the Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards, the Dean of Students office, and the SMU Police Department (SMU PD). The university also promotes anonymous reporting mechanisms, such as its “Real Response” system, to encourage students to come forward without fear of retaliation. Transparency regarding hazing violations varies, as private universities are not subject to the same public disclosure requirements as public institutions, but SMU does often announce disciplinary actions against organizations.

5.4.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

SMU has a history of addressing hazing incidents within its Greek system. A notable case involved the Kappa Alpha Order in 2017, where new members were reportedly subjected to egregious hazing rituals including paddling, forced alcohol consumption, and significant sleep deprivation. This led to the temporary suspension of the chapter and a multi-year ban on recruiting, highlighting a strong institutional response when hazing is confirmed. Other SMU fraternities and sororities have periodically faced disciplinary action, which, though not always publicly detailed, demonstrates the ongoing vigilance required to curb hazing. These incidents often involve alcohol misuse, physical endurance tests, and attempts at secrecy.

5.4.4 How an SMU Hazing Case Might Proceed

For North Carolina families, pursuing a hazing case against private institutions like SMU involves different legal considerations than those against public universities. SMU is located in Dallas, so civil lawsuits would typically be filed in courts with jurisdiction over Dallas County. Criminal investigations would be conducted by SMU PD or the Dallas Police Department (DPD), with prosecution handled by the Dallas County District Attorney’s Office.

Unlike public universities, SMU does not benefit from sovereign immunity, making it potentially more straightforward to pursue civil claims for negligence, negligent supervision, or other torts. However, private institutions often mount vigorous legal defenses, necessitating experienced legal representation. The transparency of SMU’s internal reporting and prior disciplinary actions may be less public than at state universities, making thorough legal discovery crucial for uncovering evidence. Attorney911, with extensive experience in Texas courts, including Dallas County, is well-equipped to navigate these complexities.

5.4.5 What SMU Students & Parents Should Do

• Research Organizations: North Carolina families should actively research not only SMU’s hazing policies but also the history of any specific fraternity, sorority, or organization of interest. While public records may be limited, online searches and direct questions to alumni or student life offices can provide valuable insights.
• Utilize Anonymous Reporting Tools: SMU’s “Real Response” or similar anonymous reporting systems can be a valuable tool if a student or parent is hesitant to come forward directly. However, for severe incidents, direct reporting to authorities and legal counsel is advisable.
• Meticulous Documentation: Emphasize to students the critical importance of documenting any suspected hazing. Screenshots of text messages, group chats, social media posts, and photos of injuries are invaluable evidence.
• Prioritize Legal Consultation: Due to the private institution’s defensive capabilities, consulting an experienced hazing attorney early in the process is highly recommended for North Carolina families. Attorney911 (1-888-ATTY-911) can help families understand their rights, navigate SMU’s internal processes, and pursue effective legal action against all liable parties.

5.5 Baylor University

Baylor University, a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas, is known for its strong Christian identity, robust academic programs, and a dedicated student body, including many from North Carolina. Despite its values-based mission, Baylor has, like other universities, faced challenges related to hazing within its numerous student organizations.

5.5.1 Campus & Culture Snapshot

Baylor is Texas’s oldest continuously operating university, deeply rooted in its Baptist heritage. Its campus culture emphasizes community, faith, and academic excellence. Greek life is active but operates within strict guidelines, with a focus on values-based leadership. Additionally, Baylor has a strong athletic tradition and hosts numerous student clubs and organizations. This environment, while fostering community, is not inherently immune to hazing, as the desire for inclusion and the perpetuation of traditions can sometimes overshadow official prohibitions. For North Carolina families, understanding both Baylor’s emphasis on faith and its social dynamics is important.

5.5.2 Official Hazing Policy & Reporting Channels

Baylor University has a clear “zero-tolerance” policy regarding hazing, unequivocally prohibiting any activity that aligns with the Texas Education Code definition of hazing. This includes physical abuse, forced alcohol consumption, mental abuse, humiliation, and any coerced activity. The policy applies to all university-affiliated groups, on or off campus, and outlines disciplinary actions up to and including expulsion for individuals and permanent removal for organizations.

Baylor provides multiple avenues for reporting hazing through its Student Conduct Administration office, the Baylor University Police Department (BUPD), and an ethics point hotline. Like other private institutions, Baylor may not publicly disclose every single hazing violation, but it aims to provide a safe reporting environment for students and their families.

5.5.3 Selected Documented Incidents & Responses

Baylor’s history has seen its share of hazing incidents. In 2020, the Baylor baseball team faced a significant hazing investigation, which resulted in the suspension of 14 players. The suspensions were staggered to allow continued play, but the incident highlighted that hazing behaviors—from forced drinking to demeaning rituals—can occur even within athletic programs at religiously affiliated institutions. In 1967, the Baylor Chamber of Commerce, a social club, was linked to the death of John E. Clifton, who died while choking on a foul concoction and laxatives as part of a hazing ritual. Although initially dismissed by the then-college president as non-hazing, the tragedy led to a reversal of stance and a ban on “physical” hazing. These incidents, spanning decades and different types of organizations, demonstrate a recurring pattern of hazing.

Baylor has also faced extensive scrutiny regarding its handling of sexual assault cases and Title IX violations within its athletic programs, particularly football. While distinct from hazing, these scandals raised critical questions about institutional oversight, cultural issues, and the university’s response to misconduct (see Attorney911’s wrongful death claims page at https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/). These broader institutional challenges can serve as a backdrop when assessing how the university might handle hazing allegations.

5.4.4 How a Baylor Hazing Case Might Proceed

As a private university, Baylor does not benefit from sovereign immunity, which can simplify the legal path for North Carolina families pursuing civil claims compared to public universities. Lawsuits would typically be filed in Texas state courts in McLennan County (Waco). Criminal investigations would be handled by BUPD or the Waco Police Department (WPD), with prosecution by the McLennan County District Attorney’s Office.

Successfully litigating against Baylor, as with any major private institution, requires a legal team capable of overcoming vigorous defenses. Evidence derived from internal investigations, student conduct records, and witness testimony is crucial. Attorney911 has the expertise to gather such evidence, challenge institutional narratives, and pursue full accountability for victims of hazing at Baylor.

5.4.5 What Baylor Students & Parents Should Do

• Empower Responsible Choices: Encourage North Carolina students attending Baylor to make values-aligned choices, and to remember that true community does not require degrading or dangerous acts.
• Review Policies and History: Familiarize yourself with Baylor’s specific hazing policies and, to the extent possible, the disciplinary history of organizations.
• Document and Report with Intention: If hazing is suspected or occurs, meticulous documentation (digital evidence, photos, medical records) is vital. Use Baylor’s reporting channels, but consider first consulting an attorney for strategic guidance on how to make a report that best protects your child’s legal rights and ensures accountability rather than merely internal resolution.
• Contact Experienced Counsel: For North Carolina families dealing with hazing at Baylor, contacting an experienced attorney like Attorney911 (1-888-ATTY-911) is a critical step. Our firm specializes in holding institutions accountable and can provide the strategic legal support needed to navigate civil claims in Texas.

6. Fraternities & Sororities: Campus-Specific + National Histories

Understanding the history of hazing within national Greek organizations is crucial for any North Carolina family whose child participates in Greek life at a Texas university. The patterns of misconduct, often repeated across different chapters and states, not only expose the systemic nature of hazing but also form a powerful basis for legal action against national organizations and universities.

6.1 Why National Histories Matter

Most fraternities and sororities at institutions like UH, Texas A&M, UT, SMU, and Baylor are part of larger national organizations. These national bodies typically develop their own detailed anti-hazing policies, risk management guidelines, and educational programs precisely because they have faced repeated incidents, lawsuits, and public scrutiny over many decades. These policies, however, are often only as effective as their enforcement.

When a Texas chapter repeats a dangerous practice—such as a “Big/Little” drinking event or a physically demanding initiation ritual—that has led to injury or death at another chapter in a different state, it highlights two critical legal concepts:

• Notice: The national organization, due to its size and history, likely had clear notice of the dangers associated with that specific hazing practice. They knew it could cause harm.
• Foreseeability: Given past incidents, it becomes foreseeable that such a practice, if unaddressed or poorly enforced, could lead to a similar outcome.

In civil litigation, demonstrating that a national organization had notice and that the resulting harm was foreseeable is pivotal. It strengthens arguments for negligence or gross negligence and can open the door to holding the national entity accountable for its failure to prevent hazing, even if it happened at a local chapter in Texas.

6.2 Organization Mapping (Synthesized)

While an exhaustive list of every Greek organization on every campus is extensive, examining patterns within those with documented national hazing histories is particularly insightful. The following list synthesizes information about prominent organizations with a track record of hazing incidents, many of which have chapters at major Texas universities:

• Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ / Pike): This national fraternity has been involved in multiple high-profile hazing deaths, most notably Stone Foltz at Bowling Green State University in 2021, where a pledge died from alcohol poisoning after a “Big/Little” event. A jury in Ohio ordered former chapter president Daylen Dunson to personally pay $6.5 million to the Foltz family. Prior to that, David Bogenberger died at Northern Illinois University in 2012 from alcohol poisoning during a fraternity event, leading to a $14 million settlement. These repeated incidents highlight a pattern of dangerous alcohol hazing. Pi Kappa Alpha chapters are present at universities like the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M.
• Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ / SAE): Long known as one of the fraternities with the highest number of hazing fatalities, SAE nationally responded by banning pledging entirely in 2014, although hazing incidents continue to occur. Deaths such as Carson Starkey at Cal Poly in 2008 (alcohol poisoning) illustrate the organization’s deadly history. More recently, chapters at Texas A&M faced lawsuits alleging severe chemical burns from hazing, and a UT Austin chapter was sued for assault by an international exchange student in 2024. These cases demonstrate that tragic incidents continue despite policy changes, emphasizing the pattern of risks associated with SAE, including at Texas campuses.
• Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ): This fraternity gained national infamy with the death of Maxwell “Max” Gruver at LSU in 2017, who died from extreme alcohol poisoning during a “Bible study” hazing ritual. This led to a $6.1 million verdict against the fraternity and individuals. Phi Delta Theta chapters have a presence on Texas campuses such as UT Austin and Baylor.
• Pi Kappa Phi (ΠΚΦ): This national fraternity has a significant hazing history, including the death of Andrew Coffey at Florida State University in 2017 due to acute alcohol poisoning during a “Big Brother Night.” Most recently, Attorney911 is counsel in the lawsuit of Leonel Bermudez v. University of Houston / Pi Kappa Phi for $10 million, alleging severe physical hazing, forced consumption, and rhabdomyolysis. This is a clear pattern illustrating the national organization’s ongoing challenges with hazing.
• Kappa Alpha Order (KA): This fraternity has faced numerous hazing allegations and disciplinary actions across the country, including in Texas. At SMU in 2017, a Kappa Alpha Order chapter was suspended following reports of paddling, forced drinking, and sleep deprivation.
• Sigma Pi (ΣΠ): Tragedy struck this fraternity with the death of Collin Wiant at Ohio University in 2018, primarily from nitrous oxide hazing. His death prompted “Collin’s Law: The Anti-Hazing Act” in Ohio. Chapters have also been subject to scrutiny at both the University of Buffalo (2019) and Texas Tech (2014), where a freshman pledge died of alcohol poisoning.
• Sigma Chi (ΣΧ): While Sigma Chi has its own rigorous anti-hazing policies, chapters have faced severe consequences for hazing, including a significant $10 million+ verdict for a victim at the College of Charleston in 2024 who suffered physical beatings and forced consumption of drugs and alcohol.
• Omega Psi Phi (ΩΨΦ): This historically Black fraternity has a history of hazing allegations, including the 1997 severe beating of Joseph Snell at Bowie State University, which resulted in a $375,000 verdict. More recently, in April 2023, a former student at the University of Southern Mississippi alleged severe hazing, including repeated paddlings and extensive injuries, leading to a federal lawsuit.
• Kappa Sigma (ΚΣ): This fraternity has been linked to severe hazing incidents, including the 2001 drowning death of Chad Meredith at the University of Miami, which resulted in a $12.6 million verdict and prompted “Chad Meredith Law” in Florida. In Texas, a chapter faced allegations of severe injuries, including rhabdomyolysis, from extreme physical hazing in 2023.

6.3 Tie Back to Legal Strategy

The documented national histories of these organizations are not just historical footnotes; they are critical components of legal strategy in hazing litigation in Texas.

• Demonstrating Foreseeability: When a hazing incident occurs at a local chapter (e.g., a Pi Kappa Alpha chapter at UT Austin) that mirrors severe incidents at other chapters (e.g., Stone Foltz at BGSU), it strongly argues that the national organization had prior knowledge of the risks and failed to prevent them.
• Establishing Negligence: Such patterns can expose a national organization’s negligent oversight—either failing to adequately enforce its own policies, ignoring red flags, or implementing insufficient prevention measures despite a clear track record of harm.
• Influencing Settlement and Punitive Damages: A history of similar incidents can significantly increase a victim’s leverage in settlement negotiations. Furthermore, if a national organization demonstrated a reckless disregard for student safety despite repeated warnings, it can bolster arguments for punitive damages, which are designed to punish egregious conduct and deter future wrongdoing.
• Challenging “Rogue Chapter” Defenses: National organizations often claim that hazing is the act of a “rogue chapter” or “bad apples.” However, a national pattern of similar incidents effectively dismantles this defense, showing that the problem is systemic and known to headquarters.

For North Carolina families, knowing this interconnected history empowers them to see their child’s local incident within a broader, often tragic, national pattern. This context is invaluable when pursuing justice and demanding accountability from all responsible parties.

7. Building a Case: Evidence, Damages, Strategy

Building a successful hazing case is a meticulous process that demands a deep understanding of legal strategy, evidence collection, and the tactics employed by institutional defendants. For North Carolina families, recognizing what constitutes powerful evidence and how damages are assessed is vital in the pursuit of accountability for hazing at Texas universities.

7.1 Evidence

Modern hazing cases are increasingly won or lost based on the quality and volume of digital evidence. The sheer amount of communication and media shared among students means virtually every act of hazing leaves a digital footprint.

• Digital Communications: This is the most critical category of evidence today. Group chats on platforms like GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, and fraternity-specific apps are treasure troves. They often contain direct orders, bragging about hazing acts, coerced behaviors, and evidence of cover-up attempts. Direct messages (DMs) on Instagram or Snapchat also provide crucial context. Screenshots should be taken meticulously, showing full threads, timestamps, and participant names. Even deleted messages can often be recovered by digital forensics experts with proper legal authorization. Attorney911 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) emphasizes the importance of using cell phones to document evidence immediately.

• Photos & Videos: Student-generated content is incredibly powerful. This includes:

  • Images/Videos of Hazing in Progress: Often taken by members or pledges themselves for “bonding” or as proof of completion, these can vividly show forced drinking, humiliating acts, or physical abuse.
  • Photos of Injuries: Documenting physical harm (bruises, marks, burns) from multiple angles and over several days to show progression is essential.
  • Contextual Media: Photos or videos showing locations, alcohol supplies, or specific props used in hazing activities.

• Internal Organization Documents: These can reveal the official and unofficial rules of an organization:

  • Pledge Manuals/Initiation Scripts: While officially sanitized, historical versions or leaked unapproved versions can show hazing directives.
  • Emails/Texts from Officers: Communications planning events, assigning tasks to new members, or discussing “problem” pledges.
  • National Policies: These documents, often extensive due to litigation history, highlight what the national organization knew or should have known about hazing risks.
  • Risk Management Plans: The gap between written policies and actual behavior is a key area of investigation.

• University Records: These records demonstrate the institution’s knowledge and response to hazing:

  • Prior Conduct Files: Documenting previous hazing violations, probation, or suspensions for the same chapter or individuals. Texas public universities, like UT Austin, often make some of this data public.
  • Incident Reports: Filed with campus police or student conduct offices regarding the hazing or related activities.
  • Clery Act Reports: Annual crime statistics can highlight a pattern of relevant violations (e.g., alcohol offenses, assaults) on campus.
  • Title IX Complaints: If the hazing involved sexual harassment or gender-based violence, these records are crucial.

• Medical and Psychological Records: Beyond documenting physical injuries, these records are vital for proving the full extent of harm:

  • Emergency Room/Hospital Records: Detail initial injuries, diagnostic tests (e.g., toxicology reports for alcohol/drug levels, kidney function for rhabdomyolysis), and treatment.
  • Therapy/Counseling Notes: Document emotional distress, PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other psychological impacts resulting from hazing.

• Witness Testimony: Eyewitness accounts are critical, particularly from:

  • Other Pledges/New Members: Often reluctant, but their combined stories can be powerful.
  • Current/Former Members: Those who participated in or witnessed hazing, or those who left an organization due to hazing concerns.
  • Third Parties: Roommates, RAs, coaches, or bystanders who noticed changes or witnessed parts of the hazing.

7.2 Damages

When pursuing a civil lawsuit, “damages” refer to the monetary compensation awarded to victims for their losses. Hazing causes a wide range of harms, and Texas law provides avenues for recovery across multiple categories.

• Medical Bills & Future Care: This covers all costs associated with physical injuries:

  • Emergency room visits, ambulance transport, and hospitalization.
  • Surgeries, rehabilitation therapies (physical, occupational, speech).
  • Medications, adaptive equipment.
  • Crucially, for catastrophic injuries like traumatic brain injury or rhabdomyolysis, this can include “life care plans” estimated to cover decades of specialized medical and personal care.

• Lost Earnings / Educational Impact: Hazing can disrupt a student’s academic and professional trajectory:

  • Lost wages if a student must take time off from a job due to injuries.
  • Loss of educational opportunities, such as missed semesters, withdrawal from school, or academic penalties, leading to delayed graduation.
  • For permanent injuries, a victim may experience a diminished future earning capacity, requiring expert economists to project lifetime income loss.

• Non-Economic Damages: These compensate for the subjective, intangible harms that are no less real:

  • Physical Pain and Suffering: Compensation for the actual physical pain endured from injuries.
  • Emotional Distress: This can be immense, including compensation for psychological trauma, humiliation, shame, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, often substantiated by therapy records.
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: When injuries or psychological trauma prevent a victim from participating in activities they once loved, or from simply enjoying a normal college experience.

• Wrongful Death Damages (for families): In the most tragic cases, hazing leads to death. Surviving family members (parents, spouses, children) can sue for:

  • Funeral and burial costs.
  • Loss of financial support the deceased would have provided.
  • Loss of companionship, comfort, society, and love from the deceased.
  • Grief, anguish, and mental suffering of the surviving family members.

• Punitive Damages: In specific cases involving particularly egregious, reckless, or malicious conduct, Texas courts may award punitive damages. These are not to compensate the victim but to punish the defendant and deter similar behavior in the future. Punitive damages can be significant, especially when a national organization or university showed deliberate indifference to known hazing dangers.

7.3 Role of Different Defendants and Insurance Coverage

Holding all responsible parties accountable means identifying every potential source of compensation, including insurance. National fraternities/sororities and universities often carry substantial insurance policies that can cover hazing-related claims. However, insurers frequently try to deny coverage, arguing that hazing is an “intentional act” or falls under other policy exclusions.

An experienced hazing lawyer (like Lupe Peña, Attorney911’s associate attorney, whose background as a former insurance defense attorney (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/) means she knows the insurance industry’s tactics) specializes in:

• Identifying all potential insurance policies (chapter, national, university, individual homeowners policies).
• Challenging wrongful denials of coverage by arguing that the claim falls under “negligent supervision” (which is typically covered) rather than an intentional act.
• Aggressively negotiating with insurers to maximize settlements for victims.

Understanding these complexities is critical, as insurance policies often represent the most viable source of recovery in hazing cases. Our firm’s experience and deep knowledge of this area is a significant advantage for North Carolina families.

8. Practical Guides & FAQs

For North Carolina families, knowing what to do, who to trust, and how to protect a student entangled in hazing is paramount. This section offers practical advice and answers common questions.

8.1 For Parents

Parents play a crucial role in detecting and responding to hazing. For North Carolina parents with children attending Texas universities, vigilance and a strategic approach are vital.

• Warning Signs of Hazing: Be alert to changes in your child’s physical or mental state. These can include:

  • Unexplained injuries (bruises, cuts) or frequent “accidents” with implausible explanations.
  • Extreme fatigue, chronic sleep deprivation, or falling asleep unexpectedly.
  • Sudden changes in mood, increased anxiety, withdrawal from usual activities, or irritability.
  • Anxiety around their phone, constantly checking for group messages, or being defensive about phone use.
  • Sudden secrecy about the organization, or vague answers about activities.
  • Unexplained financial demands or requests for money without clear justification.

• How to Talk to Your Child: Approach the conversation with empathy, not judgment. Reassure them that their safety is your priority, and you support them no matter what. Avoid accusations; instead, use open-ended questions like: “How are things really going in [organization]?” “Is everything okay?” “Have you seen anything that makes you uncomfortable?” “Do you feel like you can leave if you want to?”

• If Your Child is Hurt or Admits to Hazing:

  • Seek Medical Attention Immediately: Prioritize their physical and mental health. Insist they get checked by a doctor, even if they claim they’re “fine.”
  • Document Everything: Take photos of any injuries, screenshot relevant text messages or social media posts, and write down everything your child tells you, including dates, times, and names.
  • Save Physical Evidence: Any clothing torn or stained, receipts for coerced purchases, or even physical objects involved in hazing (if safe to collect).

• Dealing with the University: Every communication with university officials should be documented, including who you spoke to, when, and what was discussed. Ask specific questions about:

  • The university’s official anti-hazing policy.
  • Previous incidents involving the same organization.
  • The steps the university is taking to investigate and protect your child.
  • Do not hesitate to seek legal counsel before engaging deeply in university investigations, as their priorities may differ from your child’s.

• When to Talk to a Lawyer: If your child has suffered significant physical or psychological harm due to hazing, or if you feel the university or organization is minimizing the incident, it is time to contact an experienced hazing lawyer. A lawyer can protect your child’s rights, navigate complex investigations, and pursue accountability.

8.2 For Students / Pledges

For students from North Carolina attending Texas universities, navigating the pressures of new member processes can be overwhelming. Knowing your rights and options is critical.

• Is This Hazing or Just Tradition?: Ask yourself: Am I feeling coerced? Is this activity humiliating or degrading? Does it involve excessive alcohol or physical risk? Would I want my family or the university president to see me doing this? If you answer yes to any of these, it’s hazing, not a harmless tradition. Remember, true belonging shouldn’t come at the cost of your dignity or safety.

• Why “Consent” Isn’t the End of the Story: The pressure to fit in, earn a spot, or avoid social exclusion can make “choice” feel impossible. Texas law understands this: consent to hazing is not a legal defense. You have a right to be safe, regardless of whether you “agreed” under pressure.

• Exiting and Reporting Safely:

  • Immediate Danger: If your safety is compromised, do not hesitate to call 911. Good-faith reporting laws often protect you.
  • Quitting: You have the right to leave any organization at any time. You can inform the new member educator or chapter president via email or text that you are withdrawing. Avoid “one last meeting” where you might be pressured.
  • Reporting: You can use university anonymous hotlines, the National Anti-Hazing Hotline (1-888-NOT-HAZE), or consult with an attorney.

• Good-Faith Reporting and Amnesty: Many Texas universities and state law offer amnesty for students who report hazing or seek medical help for an emergency, even if underage drinking was involved. Your safety is more important than fear of punishment.

8.3 For Former Members / Witnesses

If you were once part of an organization that engaged in hazing, or witnessed it, you have a unique and powerful perspective. It’s often difficult to come forward, but your actions can prevent future harm and bring justice.

• Your Role in Accountability: Your testimony can be crucial in holding individuals and institutions accountable. You might feel guilt or fear, but using your voice can save lives.
• Seeking Legal Advice: If you are a witness to hazing, or if you participated in it and fear criminal charges or university discipline, you can seek legal counsel. An attorney can explain your rights and help you navigate the process of providing information, potentially with protections in place. Ralph Manginello’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) demonstrates our firm’s capability to advise individuals facing criminal exposure (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/criminal-defense-lawyers/).
• Preventing Future Harm: Many former members find a sense of purpose in helping to dismantle hazing cultures they once were part of, turning a painful experience into a force for positive change.

8.4 Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

For North Carolina families, avoiding critical missteps in the immediate aftermath of a hazing incident is paramount to preserving legal options. Defense attorneys and universities exploit every mistake. Watch Attorney911’s video on client mistakes (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY) for further essential insights.

MISTAKES THAT CAN RUIN YOUR HAZING CASE:

1. Letting Your Child Delete Messages or “Clean Up” Evidence:

   • What families think: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble,” or “It’s embarrassing.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Digital evidence (texts, photos, group chats) is often the strongest proof of hazing. Deleting it makes a case exponentially harder and can be seen as an attempt at obstruction. Even “embarrassing” content can document coercion.
   • What to do instead: Preserve everything immediately, even if it feels incriminating or personal. Screenshot group chats, save photos/videos, and back them up securely. Attorney911’s video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) explains how to use your cell phone to document a legal case.

2. Confronting the Fraternity/Sorority Directly:

   • What families think: “I’m going to demand answers.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Direct confrontation without legal counsel typically prompts the organization to immediately destroy evidence, coach witnesses, and prepare a defense. You might unintentionally provide them with information they’ll use against you.
   • What to do instead: Document everything in private. Then, contact an attorney before any direct communication with the organization.

3. Signing University “Release” or “Resolution” Forms:

   • What universities do: Often pressure families into signing agreements for “internal investigation” or “resolution” without legal counsel.
   • Why it’s wrong: Such forms may contain clauses that waive your child’s right to pursue a lawsuit or forever bind them to an unfavorable settlement. Any information you provide could be used against you.
   • What to do instead: Never sign any document from the university, an organization, or an insurance company without having an attorney review it first.

4. Posting Details on Social Media Before Talking to a Lawyer:

   • What families think: “I want to warn others,” or “I want justice.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Anything posted online is fair game for defense attorneys, who will meticulously dissect it for inconsistencies, legal admissions, or ways to discredit the victim. It can also, inadvertently, compromise the legal strategy.
   • What to do instead: Document privately for your legal team. Your attorney can advise on how to manage external communications without harming your case.

5. Letting Your Child Go Back to “One Last Meeting” or “Talk”:

   • What organizations say: “Just come talk to us; we want to hear your side.”
   • Why it’s wrong: This is often a tactic to pressure the student, extract statements that can be used against them, or intimidate them into silence before they seek legal advice.
   • What to do instead: If you are considering legal action, all communications should flow through your attorney.

6. Waiting “to see how the university handles it”:

   • What universities promise: “We’re investigating; let us handle this internally.”
   • Why it’s wrong: While universities have a process, their primary goals are often to protect the institution’s reputation and manage legal exposure, not necessarily to secure maximum compensation or justice for your child. Evidence can disappear, witnesses graduate, and the statute of limitations can expire while you wait.
   • What to do instead: Preserve evidence immediately and consult with a lawyer. Your attorney can independently pursue options while monitoring the university’s internal process.

7. Talking to Insurance Adjusters Without a Lawyer:

   • What adjusters say: “We just need your statement to process the claim quickly.”
   • Why it’s wrong: Insurance adjusters are trained to minimize payouts. Any recorded statement can be used against you, and early settlement offers are almost always lowball.
   • What to do instead: Politely decline to speak with them and refer them to your attorney.

8.5 Short FAQ

• “Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
  Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities (like UH, Texas A&M, UT) benefit from sovereign immunity, but this protection isn’t absolute. Exceptions often exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, or when claims are brought against individuals in their personal capacity. Private universities (like SMU, Baylor) generally have fewer immunity protections. Every case hinges on its unique facts, requiring a detailed analysis from an experienced attorney.
• “Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
  Yes, it can be. While a basic hazing offense is a Class B misdemeanor, it elevates to a state jail felony if the hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Additionally, knowingly failing to report hazing is also a criminal offense for some individuals.
• “Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
  Absolutely. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts recognize that “agreement” to participate under intense peer pressure, the desire to belong, and the fear of exclusion is not true voluntary consent.
• “How long do we have to file a hazing lawsuit?”
  In Texas, the general statute of limitations for personal injury and wrongful death lawsuits is two years from the date of injury or death. However, complexities like the “discovery rule” (where the clock starts when the harm or its cause is known) or fraudulent concealment can extend this period. Because evidence disappears and memories fade, time is always critical, and you should call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately. Additional information on the statute of limitations can be found in our video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c
• “What if the hazing happened off-campus or at a private house?”
  The location of hazing does not eliminate liability. Universities and national organizations can be held responsible based on their knowledge, sponsorship of the organization, and failure to supervise, even if an event occurs off-campus. Many significant hazing cases, such as Michael Deng’s death at a remote retreat, occurred off-campus and still resulted in multi-million-dollar judgments against national fraternities.
• “Will this be confidential, or will my child’s name be in the news?”
  Most hazing cases settle confidentially before going to trial. Our firm prioritizes your family’s privacy and works to ensure that settlement terms are confidential where possible, balancing the need for justice with personal discretion.

9. About The Manginello Law Firm + Call to Action

When your family faces the profound trauma of hazing, especially at a Texas university, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need tenacious legal advocates who understand the intricate legal and cultural landscape of campus abuse—attorneys who know how powerful institutions like national fraternities and universities fight back, and how to win anyway. For North Carolina families seeking to navigate these difficult waters, The Manginello Law Firm / Attorney911 stands ready to serve.

At The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC, operating as Attorney911, the Legal Emergency Lawyers™, we are a Houston-based Texas personal injury firm with deep qualifications uniquely suited to hazing litigation. We don’t just handle cases; we strategically dismantle the sophisticated defenses often employed against victims.

Our unique qualifications include:

• Insurance Insider Advantage (Lupe Peña): Our associate attorney, Lupe Peña, brings an invaluable perspective to hazing cases. As a former insurance defense attorney at a national law firm (https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/), she intimately understands the tactics used by fraternity and university insurance companies. She knows how they value (or undervalue) claims, their delay strategies, coverage exclusion arguments, and settlement thresholds. “We know their playbook because we used to run it,” is not just a slogan; it’s a strategic advantage we put to work for your family. This insight is crucial for maximizing recovery.

• Complex Litigation Against Massive Institutions (Ralph Manginello): Our managing partner, Ralph Manginello, has a demonstrated track record of taking on formidable adversaries. He was one of the few Texas firms involved in the complex BP Texas City explosion litigation, proving our capability to manage multi-party cases against billion-dollar corporations. Our federal court experience in the U.S. Southern District of Texas means we are not intimidated by national fraternities, university regents, or their well-funded defense teams. “We’ve taken on billion-dollar corporations and won. We know how to fight powerful defendants,” Ralph often states. His full credentials can be reviewed at https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/.

• Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death and Catastrophic Injury Experience: We have a proven track record in complex wrongful death and catastrophic injury cases, working alongside economists and medical experts to accurately value lifetime care needs for victims of traumatic brain injuries, permanent disabilities, or those suffering from conditions like rhabdomyolysis. Our expertise in wrongful death claims (https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/) means we are prepared to pursue the full measure of justice your family deserves.

• Dual Civil and Criminal Hazing Expertise: Ralph’s membership in the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association (HCCLA) underscores our firm’s deep understanding of both the civil and criminal implications of hazing. This expertise allows us to skillfully navigate situations where hazing leads to criminal charges, advising witnesses and former members on their exposure while simultaneously building a robust civil case. You can learn more about our criminal defense capabilities at https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/criminal-defense-lawyers/.

• Investigative Depth: Modern hazing often leaves digital footprints. We partner with digital forensics experts, medical specialists, and psychologists to obtain deleted group chats, recover social media evidence, subpoena national fraternity records, and uncover university files. “We investigate like your child’s life depends on it—because it does.” Our video on documenting a legal case with your cell phone (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs) highlights our commitment to thorough evidence gathering.

We understand that hazing at Texas universities affects families in North Carolina and across the region, which is why we extend our services statewide from our Houston office. We balance our direct, authoritative approach with profound empathy, recognizing that you’re facing one of the hardest challenges a family can endure. Our job is to get you answers, hold the right people accountable, and help prevent this from happening to another family. We do not operate on bravado or settle for quick, lowball offers; instead, we are committed to thorough investigation and securing real accountability. We also offer a clear explanation of our contingency fees (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc), ensuring that cost should never be a barrier to justice.

Call to Action

If your child has experienced hazing at any Texas campus—whether it be in Houston, College Station, Austin, Dallas, Waco, or elsewhere—we want to hear from you. Families in North Carolina and throughout the surrounding region have the right to answers and accountability.

Contact The Manginello Law Firm for a confidential, no-obligation consultation. We will listen to your story without judgment, review any evidence you have, explain your legal options (whether it be pursuing criminal charges, a civil lawsuit, both, or neither), and discuss what to expect regarding timelines and costs. We operate on a contingency fee basis, meaning we don’t get paid unless we win your case. There is no pressure to hire us on the spot; our goal is simply to provide you with the information you need to make an informed decision. For more insights into our client relationships, watch our video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JrQowOLv1k) that discusses how we keep clients updated on their cases.

Call us today. You don’t have to face this alone.

• Emergency Hotline: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
• Direct Line: (713) 528-9070
• Cell: (713) 443-4781
• Website: https://attorney911.com
• Email: ralph@atty911.com

Hablamos Español: If you prefer to discuss your case in Spanish, please contact Lupe Peña directly at lupe@atty911.com. Servicios legales en español disponibles.

Whether you’re in North Carolina or anywhere across Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. Call us today.

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on the specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many other factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise you on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com