Hazing at Texas Universities: A Comprehensive Guide for Winona Families

If Your Child Was Hazed at a Texas University, You Are Not Alone

As parents in Winona, you send your children to college with hope and pride—to the University of Texas at Tyler right here in Smith County, to Texas A&M a few hours south, to UT Austin, to the University of Houston, and to campuses across our state. You trust that these institutions will keep them safe while they learn, grow, and build friendships.

Then the phone rings. Or your child comes home changed. There are unexplained injuries, secretive behavior, a hollow look in their eyes. You learn about forced drinking, brutal workouts, humiliating rituals, and a culture that values “tradition” over safety. The university promises an investigation. The fraternity or sorority issues a vague statement. But your child is hurt—physically, emotionally, or both—and you’re left wondering who’s truly accountable and how to help them heal.

Right now, in Houston, we’re fighting one of the most serious hazing cases in Texas history. In November 2025, we filed a $10 million lawsuit on behalf of Leonel Bermudez, a University of Houston student who suffered rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney failure after being hazed by the Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu chapter. The allegations are stomach-turning: a “pledge fanny pack” with humiliating items, forced overconsumption of food until vomiting, being sprayed in the face with a hose “similar to waterboarding,” extreme workouts at Yellowstone Boulevard Park, and a culture of intimidation that left our client hospitalized for four days with brown urine and critically elevated muscle enzymes. The chapter has been shut down, but the physical and psychological damage to Leonel continues.

This isn’t an isolated incident. It’s a pattern repeated across Texas campuses, including schools where Winona families send their students. Hazing has evolved far beyond silly pranks—it’s now a sophisticated, often hidden system of coercion that can cause permanent injury or death.

This guide is written specifically for parents and families in Winona and across Smith County who need answers about hazing. We’ll explain what modern hazing really looks like, how Texas law protects your child, what’s happening at universities your children attend, and what legal options exist for holding organizations accountable. We’re The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC (Attorney911), and we represent hazing victims and their families throughout Texas. We’re currently leading the litigation in the Bermudez case because we believe institutions must be held responsible when they fail to protect students.

IMMEDIATE HELP FOR HAZING EMERGENCIES

If your child is in danger RIGHT NOW:

Call 911 for medical emergencies
Then call Attorney911: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
We provide immediate help—that’s why we’re the Legal Emergency Lawyers™

In the first 48 hours:

Get medical attention immediately, even if the student insists they are “fine”
Preserve evidence BEFORE it’s deleted:
- Screenshot group chats, texts, DMs immediately
- Photograph injuries from multiple angles
- Save physical items (clothing, receipts, objects)
Write down everything while memory is fresh (who, what, when, where)
Do NOT:
- Confront the fraternity/sorority
- Sign anything from the university or insurance company
- Post details on public social media
- Let your child delete messages or “clean up” evidence

Contact an experienced hazing attorney within 24–48 hours:

Evidence disappears fast (deleted group chats, destroyed paddles, coached witnesses)
Universities move quickly to control the narrative
We can help preserve evidence and protect your child’s rights
Call 1-888-ATTY-911 for immediate consultation

Hazing in 2025: What It Really Looks Like in Texas

For Winona families unfamiliar with modern Greek life or campus organizations, hazing often conjures images of harmless pranks or exaggerated Hollywood portrayals. The reality in 2025 is far more dangerous, sophisticated, and psychologically damaging. Hazing has evolved into a system of coercion that exploits technology, manipulates tradition, and operates in shadows.

The Modern Definition of Hazing

Hazing is any forced, coerced, or strongly pressured action tied to joining, keeping membership, or gaining status in a group, where the behavior endangers physical or mental health, humiliates, or exploits. Under Texas law (Education Code Chapter 37), hazing means “any intentional, knowing, or reckless act” that endangers mental or physical health for purposes of “pledging, initiation into, affiliation with, holding office in, or maintaining membership” in any student organization.

Crucially—and this is where many Winona parents are surprised—“I agreed to it” does not make it legal or safe. Texas law explicitly states that consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts recognize that what looks like agreement is often coercion when there’s peer pressure, power imbalance, and fear of social exclusion.

Five Categories of Modern Hazing

1. Alcohol and Substance Hazing
This remains the most deadly form. It’s not just “college drinking”—it’s systematic coercion:

Forced consumption of entire bottles of liquor during “Big/Little” nights
Drinking games where wrong answers mean excessive drinking
Being pressured to consume unknown mixtures or drugs
Chugging challenges with punishment for failure

In the University of Houston Pi Kappa Phi case we’re litigating, pledges were forced to consume milk, hot dogs, and peppercorns until vomiting, then immediately required to run sprints.

2. Physical Hazing
Beyond traditional paddling, today’s physical hazing includes:

“Smokings” or extreme calisthenics (100+ push-ups, 500+ squats in one session)
Sleep deprivation through all-night “study sessions” or 3 AM wake-up calls
Food/water restriction as punishment
Exposure to extreme temperatures (cold weather in underwear)
Dangerous physical tests like blindfolded tackles or “glass ceiling” rituals

3. Sexualized and Humiliating Hazing
Some of the most psychologically damaging forms:

Forced nudity or partial nudity
Simulated sexual acts or degrading positions
Costumes designed to humiliate
Acts with racial, sexist, or homophobic overtones
Public shaming rituals

4. Psychological Hazing
The invisible wounds that last longest:

Verbal abuse, screaming, degradation
Social isolation from non-members
Forced confessions or secrets
Manipulation through guilt and loyalty
Threats of expulsion from the group

5. Digital/Online Hazing
The newest frontier, particularly difficult for Winona parents to detect:

Group chat dares and challenges (GroupMe, WhatsApp, Discord)
Public humiliation via Instagram stories, TikTok videos
Pressure to create or share compromising images
24/7 availability demands with immediate response requirements
Location tracking through apps like Find My Friends

Where Hazing Happens at Texas Universities

While fraternities and sororities receive most attention, hazing occurs across campus organizations:

Fraternities and Sororities (IFC, Panhellenic, NPHC, multicultural groups)
Corps of Cadets / ROTC (at Texas A&M and other military-style programs)
Athletic Teams (football, basketball, baseball, cheer, swimming)
Spirit Squads and Tradition Groups (Texas Cowboys, cheer teams, drumlines)
Marching Bands and Performance Groups
Academic and Service Organizations
Cultural and Identity-Based Groups

The common thread isn’t the type of organization—it’s the combination of tradition, secrecy, power imbalance, and social pressure that allows dangerous behaviors to continue even when everyone “knows” hazing is illegal.

Texas Hazing Law: What Winona Families Need to Know

Texas has specific anti-hazing laws that protect your child, but the legal landscape involves both state statutes and federal requirements. Understanding this framework helps Winona families navigate what happens after a hazing incident.

Texas Education Code Chapter 37: The Core Hazing Statute

Definition (Section 37.151)
Hazing in Texas means any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, on or off campus, directed against a student that:

Endangers mental or physical health or safety, AND
Occurs for purposes of pledging, initiation, affiliation, holding office, or maintaining membership in a student organization

Key points for Winona families:

Location doesn’t matter—off-campus houses, retreats, and remote locations are covered
Mental harm counts alongside physical harm
“Reckless” conduct qualifies—they don’t need to intend harm
“Consent is not a defense” (Section 37.155)—even if your child “agreed”

Criminal Penalties (Section 37.152)

Class B Misdemeanor: Basic hazing (up to 180 days jail, $2,000 fine)
Class A Misdemeanor: Hazing causing injury requiring medical treatment
State Jail Felony: Hazing causing serious bodily injury or death

Additional criminal exposure:

Failing to report hazing (if you’re a member/officer who knew): misdemeanor
Retaliating against someone who reports: misdemeanor
Furnishing alcohol to minors: separate charges often filed alongside hazing

Organizational Liability (Section 37.153)
Fraternities, sororities, clubs, and teams can be prosecuted if:

The organization authorized or encouraged the hazing, OR
An officer/member acting officially knew and failed to report

Organizations face fines up to $10,000 per violation and can be banned from campus.

Good-Faith Reporting Protection (Section 37.154)
Someone who in good faith reports hazing to university or law enforcement is immune from civil or criminal liability that might otherwise result. Many Texas universities have amnesty policies for students who call 911 in alcohol emergencies, even if they were drinking underage.

Criminal vs. Civil Cases: Understanding the Difference

Criminal Cases

Brought by the state (DA’s office)
Purpose: Punishment (jail, fines, probation)
Burden: Proof “beyond reasonable doubt”
Common hazing-related charges:
- Hazing offenses
- Furnishing alcohol to minors
- Assault/battery
- Manslaughter (in fatal cases)
- Obstruction of justice

Civil Cases

Brought by victims/surviving families
Purpose: Compensation and accountability
Burden: “Preponderance of evidence” (more likely than not)
Common legal theories:
- Negligence/gross negligence
- Wrongful death
- Negligent hiring/supervision
- Premises liability
- Intentional infliction of emotional distress
- Title IX violations (when sexual harassment involved)

Critical Insight: A criminal conviction is not required to pursue a civil case. The cases proceed independently, with different standards and purposes. Many Winona families pursue civil cases even when criminal charges aren’t filed, because the civil system can provide compensation for medical bills, therapy, and other losses.

Federal Law Overlay: Title IX, Clery Act, and New Requirements

Stop Campus Hazing Act (2024)
This new federal law requires colleges receiving federal aid to:

Report hazing incidents more transparently
Strengthen hazing education and prevention
Maintain public hazing data (phased in by 2026)
This means more public information about which organizations have violations

Title IX
When hazing involves sexual harassment, sexual assault, or gender-based hostility, Title IX obligations trigger. Universities must:

Conduct adequate investigations
Provide supportive measures
Prevent hostile environments
Many hazing rituals have sexualized components that may invoke Title IX

Clery Act
Requires reporting certain crimes and maintaining campus safety statistics. Hazing incidents often overlap with reportable crimes like assault, alcohol offenses, or sexual violence.

Who Can Be Liable in a Civil Hazing Lawsuit?

1. Individual Students

Those who planned, supplied alcohol, carried out acts, or helped cover up
Chapter officers often have greater liability

2. Local Chapter/Organization

The fraternity/sorority/club itself (if incorporated)
Housing corporations that own chapter houses

3. National Fraternity/Sorority Headquarters

Can be liable for what they knew or should have known
Pattern of similar incidents at other chapters strengthens liability
Failure to enforce anti-hazing policies creates exposure

4. University/Regents

Public universities (UH, Texas A&M, UT) have some sovereign immunity
Exceptions for gross negligence, Title IX violations, certain duties
Private universities (SMU, Baylor) have less immunity protection
Liability often turns on: prior warnings, policy enforcement, deliberate indifference

5. Third Parties

Landlords/owners of houses or event spaces
Bars/alcohol providers (under dram shop laws)
Security companies or event organizers

In our University of Houston Pi Kappa Phi case, we’ve sued 13 individual members, the local Beta Nu chapter, the Pi Kappa Phi national headquarters, the chapter housing corporation, the University of Houston, and the UH System Board of Regents. This comprehensive approach ensures all responsible parties are held accountable.

National Hazing Cases: Patterns That Repeat in Texas

The tragic cases that make national news aren’t isolated incidents—they’re patterns that repeat across campuses, including Texas universities. Understanding these patterns helps Winona families recognize warning signs and understand what’s at stake.

Alcohol Poisoning & Death Pattern

Timothy Piazza – Penn State, Beta Theta Pi (2017)

19-year-old pledge died after bid-acceptance night with extreme drinking
Consumed lethal amount of alcohol in “gauntlet” style drinking
Fell multiple times, captured on chapter security cameras
18 fraternity members charged with over 1,000 criminal counts total
Civil settlements confidential
Impact: Pennsylvania enacted Timothy J. Piazza Anti-Hazing Law

Max Gruver – LSU, Phi Delta Theta (2017)

Pledge forced to participate in “Bible study” drinking game
Wrong answers = forced drinking
Died from alcohol toxicity (BAC 0.495%)
Multiple members charged; one convicted of negligent homicide
Impact: Louisiana enacted Max Gruver Act (felony hazing statute)

Stone Foltz – Bowling Green State, Pi Kappa Alpha (2021)

Forced to consume nearly entire bottle of whiskey during “Big/Little” night
Died from alcohol poisoning
Multiple criminal convictions
$10 million settlement ($7M from Pi Kappa Alpha national, ~$3M from BGSU)
Individual liability: Chapter president ordered to pay $6.5 million personally

Andrew Coffey – Florida State, Pi Kappa Phi (2017)

“Big Brother Night” event with handles of hard liquor
Died from acute alcohol poisoning
Multiple criminal prosecutions
Impact: FSU temporarily suspended all Greek life

Physical & Ritualized Hazing Pattern

Chun “Michael” Deng – Baruch College, Pi Delta Psi (2013)

Pledge at Pocono Mountains retreat subjected to violent “glass ceiling” ritual
Blindfolded, weighted with backpack, repeatedly tackled
Died from traumatic brain injury; help delayed
Multiple members convicted
National fraternity convicted of aggravated assault and involuntary manslaughter
Pi Delta Psi banned from Pennsylvania for 10 years

Danny Santulli – University of Missouri, Phi Gamma Delta (2021)

18-year-old pledge forced to consume excessive alcohol during “pledge dad reveal”
Suffered severe, permanent brain damage
Cannot walk, talk, or see; requires 24/7 care
Settlements with 22 defendants, reportedly multi-million dollar
Impact: Chapter closed; national example of catastrophic non-fatal injury

Athletic Program Hazing

Northwestern University Football (2023–2025)

Former players alleged sexualized, racist hazing within football program
Multiple lawsuits against university and staff
Head coach Pat Fitzgerald fired, later settled wrongful-termination suit
Impact: Demonstrated hazing extends beyond Greek life to major athletic programs

Western Kentucky University Swim Team (2012–2015)

Hazing included verbal/physical abuse over years
Entire swim program placed on five-year suspension
Coaching staff terminated
$75,000 settlement to former team member

What These Cases Mean for Winona Families

Common threads in national cases that repeat in Texas:

Forced drinking rituals with predictable fatal outcomes
Delay in seeking medical help due to fear of consequences
Systematic cover-ups and destruction of evidence
Prior warnings ignored by organizations and universities
Multi-million dollar settlements when families pursue accountability
Legislative changes only after tragedy and litigation

These cases establish legal precedents that Texas courts recognize. They show that hazing deaths and injuries are foreseeable when organizations allow dangerous traditions to continue.

Texas Universities: Hazing Realities at Schools Winona Families Attend

Winona students attend universities across Texas, from local institutions to major state schools. Understanding the hazing landscape at each campus helps families recognize risks and respond effectively.

University of Texas at Tyler (Local to Smith County)

Campus & Culture Snapshot
UT Tyler serves East Texas families with programs in nursing, engineering, business, and arts. As part of the UT System, it shares anti-hazing policies with flagship Austin campus. Greek life includes fraternities and sororities with both local and national affiliations.

Hazing Policy & Reporting

UT System-wide prohibition of hazing
Reporting to Dean of Students Office
Disciplinary actions can include suspension or expulsion
Public hazing violations published online (following UT Austin model)

What Winona Parents Should Know

Proximity means affected students return home quickly after incidents
Smith County courts may have jurisdiction over local cases
UT Tyler’s smaller size doesn’t eliminate hazing risk
Communication with parents often more direct than at massive campuses

Practical Steps for UT Tyler Families

Document all communications with university officials
Request copies of organization’s prior conduct records
Understand both university discipline and potential civil/criminal options
Consult with attorneys familiar with UT System procedures

Texas A&M University (Common Destination for Winona Students)

Campus & Culture Snapshot
Texas A&M’s culture emphasizes tradition, with strong Greek life and the nationally prominent Corps of Cadets. Approximately 20% of undergraduate men belong to fraternities, with similar sorority participation. The Corps adds military-style discipline structures that sometimes overlap with hazing risks.

Documented Incidents & Responses

Sigma Alpha Epsilon Chemical Burns Case (2021)

Two pledges alleged forced strenuous activity
Substances including industrial-strength cleaner, raw eggs, spit poured on them
Caused severe chemical burns requiring skin graft surgeries
Pledges sued fraternity for $1 million
Fraternity suspended for two years by university

Corps of Cadets Lawsuit (2023)

Cadet alleged degrading hazing including simulated sexual acts
Bound between beds in “roasted pig” pose with apple in mouth
Sought over $1 million in damages
Texas A&M stated it handled matter under Corps regulations

How a Texas A&M Hazing Case Might Proceed

Brazos County jurisdiction for local incidents
Potential defendants: individuals, chapters, nationals, Corps leadership, university
Complex insurance coverage issues with multiple potential policies
Both university discipline and external legal action possible

What A&M Families Should Do

Corps-specific: Understand military-style chain of command vs. legal reporting
Greek life: Document all traditions and “required” activities
Medical attention: Seek immediate care for any injuries, however minor they seem
Legal consultation: Early attorney involvement crucial against A&M’s institutional resources

University of Texas at Austin

Campus & Culture Snapshot
UT Austin’s Greek community includes approximately 60 fraternity and sorority chapters. The university maintains one of Texas’ most transparent hazing violation databases, providing public insight into recurring problems.

Public Hazing Violations Database
UT Austin publishes detailed hazing violations at hazing.utexas.edu. Examples:

Pi Kappa Alpha (2023)

New members directed to consume milk and perform strenuous calisthenics
Found to be hazing
Chapter placed on probation with required hazing-prevention education

Sigma Alpha Epsilon (2024)

Australian exchange student alleged assault at party
Injuries included dislocated leg, broken ligaments, fractured tibia, broken nose
Student sued for over $1 million
Chapter already under suspension for prior violations

Texas Wranglers & Spirit Groups
Multiple sanctions for forced workouts, alcohol-related hazing, punishment-based practices

Legal Advantages for UT Austin Cases

Public violation database provides pattern evidence
Prior incidents establish foreseeability for university and nationals
Travis County courts experienced with university litigation
Media attention often prompts quicker institutional response

Practical Guidance for UT Families

Check the database: Research organization’s hazing history before engagement
Preserve evidence: Austin’s tech-savvy environment means digital evidence is crucial
Understand jurisdiction: Austin PD vs. UTPD depending on location
Act quickly: High student turnover means witnesses graduate and memories fade

University of Houston (Site of Current Major Litigation)

Campus & Culture Snapshot
UH’s urban setting includes significant Greek life with fraternity and sorority houses near campus. As Texas’ third-largest university, it serves diverse student population with corresponding diversity in student organizations.

Current Major Case: Leonel Bermudez v. UH & Pi Kappa Phi
We are currently litigating this $10 million hazing lawsuit that reveals systemic issues:

Hazing Conduct

“Pledge fanny pack” rule with degrading contents (condoms, sex toy, nicotine devices)
Enforced dress codes, hours-long “study/work” blocks
Extreme physical hazing: sprints, bear crawls, wheelbarrow races
Cold-weather exposure in underwear
Lying in vomit-soaked grass
Being sprayed in face with hose “similar to waterboarding”
Forced consumption of milk, hot dogs, peppercorns until vomiting
Nov 3 workout: 100+ push-ups, 500 squats under expulsion threats
Another pledge hog-tied face-down on table with object in mouth for over hour

Medical Catastrophe

Bermudez developed rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown)
Acute kidney failure with brown urine
Hospitalized for four days with critically high creatine kinase levels
Ongoing risk of permanent kidney damage

Institutional Response

Nov 6, 2025: Pi Kappa Phi HQ suspends Beta Nu chapter
Nov 14, 2025: Chapter members vote to surrender charter; chapter shut down
UH labels conduct “deeply disturbing”, promises disciplinary measures up to expulsion
Cooperation with law enforcement confirmed

Defendants in Lawsuit

University of Houston
UH System Board of Regents
Pi Kappa Phi national headquarters
Pi Kappa Phi Beta Nu housing corporation
13 individual fraternity leaders/members (president, pledgemaster, risk manager, etc.)

Implications for UH Community

Demonstrates severe hazing continues despite policies
Shows multiple entities can be held liable
Highlights importance of immediate medical attention
Reveals digital evidence (group chats, social media) as critical proof

What UH Families Should Know

Reporting channels: Dean of Students, UHPD, online reporting forms
Medical resources: UH Health Center, nearby Houston hospitals
Legal jurisdiction: Harris County courts handle major litigation
Pattern evidence: Prior incidents at UH chapters strengthen cases

Southern Methodist University

Campus & Culture Snapshot
SMU’s private university status and affluent student body support strong Greek life tradition. Approximately 40% of undergraduates participate in fraternities or sororities, with corresponding influence on campus social life.

Documented Incidents

Kappa Alpha Order (2017)

New members reportedly paddled, forced to drink alcohol, deprived of sleep
Chapter suspended
Restrictions on recruiting until approximately 2021

Hazing Prevention Infrastructure

Anonymous reporting via Real Response system
Required anti-hazing education for Greek organizations
Private university discretion in disciplinary transparency

Challenges for SMU Families

Less public transparency than public universities
Institutional reputation protection may influence responses
Complex insurance coverage with private institution policies
Multiple jurisdictional layers (Dallas County, university internal processes)

Strategic Approach for SMU Cases

Early legal involvement to navigate private institution procedures
Discovery requests to obtain internal reports and prior incidents
Comprehensive defendant identification (nationals, housing corporations, individuals)
Media strategy consideration given SMU’s reputation sensitivity

Baylor University

Campus & Culture Snapshot
Baylor’s Christian identity and history of athletics scandals create unique context for hazing response. Greek life exists alongside strong religious organization presence.

Documented Incidents

Baylor Baseball Hazing (2020)

14 players suspended following hazing investigation
Suspensions staggered over early season
Specific conduct details not fully public

Institutional Context

Recent history of Title IX and sexual assault scandal responses
“Zero tolerance” public statements vs. internal handling
Religious identity influencing community expectations

Considerations for Baylor Families

Balancing religious community expectations with legal rights
Understanding Baylor’s specific disciplinary processes
Navigating potential conflicts between religious counseling and legal advice
Documenting all communications given institutional history

Practical Steps for Baylor Cases

Immediate documentation of all facts and communications
Understanding both internal (university) and external (legal) options
Considering mediation vs. litigation given community context
Securing independent medical evaluation separate from university providers

Fraternities & Sororities: National Histories That Predict Texas Problems

The fraternities and sororities on Texas campuses aren’t isolated entities—they’re chapters of national organizations with decades of hazing history. This national pattern evidence is crucial for Winona families to understand, as it establishes what these organizations knew or should have known about risks.

Why National Histories Matter Legally

When a Texas chapter repeats behaviors that caused deaths or injuries at other chapters, that establishes foreseeability—the legal concept that harm was predictable based on prior knowledge. National headquarters can’t claim “we didn’t know this could happen” when their own records show similar incidents across the country.

Legal implications include:

Negligence claims strengthened by pattern evidence
Punitive damages possibilities for reckless disregard of known risks
Insurance coverage disputes about whether incidents were “expected or intended”
Settlement leverage from demonstrated organizational knowledge

National Organizations with Documented Hazing Histories

Pi Kappa Alpha (Pike)

Stone Foltz: Bowling Green State University, 2021 – $10M settlement
David Bogenberger: Northern Illinois University, 2012 – $14M settlement
Multiple chapters suspended nationwide for alcohol hazing
Pattern: “Big/Little” nights with forced drinking rituals

Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE)

Multiple deaths nationally leading to 2014 elimination of pledge program
Texas A&M chapter: Chemical burns case, 2021 – $1M lawsuit
UT Austin chapter: Assault case, 2024 – $1M+ lawsuit
University of Alabama: Traumatic brain injury lawsuit, 2023
Pattern: Physical abuse combined with alcohol coercion

Pi Kappa Phi

Andrew Coffey: Florida State University, 2017 – death from alcohol poisoning
Leonel Bermudez: University of Houston, 2025 – $10M lawsuit (our current case)
Pattern: Extreme physical hazing combined with degradation rituals

Phi Delta Theta

Max Gruver: LSU, 2017 – death leading to Louisiana felony hazing law
Multiple chapter suspensions for alcohol hazing
Pattern: Drinking games disguised as “education” or “traditions”

Phi Gamma Delta (FIJI)

Danny Santulli: University of Missouri, 2021 – permanent brain damage
Settlements with 22 defendants, multi-million dollar
Pattern: Extreme intoxication during “pledge reveal” events

Kappa Sigma

Chad Meredith: University of Miami, 2001 – $12.6M jury verdict
Texas A&M chapter: Rhabdomyolysis allegations, 2023
Pattern: Alcohol hazing resulting in fatal/near-fatal outcomes

How This Applies to Winona Families

When your child joins an organization with national affiliations:

Research the national history – Not all organizations have equal risk profiles
Understand that “local chapter culture” doesn’t excuse national patterns
Recognize that national policies exist because of prior tragedies
Know that national headquarters often have deeper pockets than local chapters

In litigation, we regularly obtain national organizations’ internal records showing:

Prior incident reports from other chapters
Risk management communications
Training materials acknowledging specific hazing risks
Evidence that national knew about problems but failed to intervene adequately

Building a Hazing Case: Evidence, Damages, and Legal Strategy

When hazing causes harm, building a strong case requires systematic evidence collection, understanding of damages, and strategic navigation of complex legal landscapes. Here’s what Winona families should understand about the process.

Critical Evidence in Modern Hazing Cases

Digital Communications (Most Important Category)

Group messaging: GroupMe, WhatsApp, iMessage, Discord, fraternity apps
Social media: Instagram DMs, Snapchat, TikTok, Facebook Messenger
Recovery capability: Digital forensics can often retrieve deleted messages
What to preserve: Screenshot entire conversations with timestamps and participants visible

Photos & Videos

Event footage: Content filmed by participants during hazing
Injury documentation: Photos immediately after and over subsequent days
Location evidence: Images of houses, rooms, props used
Social media posts: Public or private shares showing activities

Internal Organization Documents

Pledge manuals: “Tradition” books, initiation scripts
Chapter communications: Emails, texts about “what we do to pledges”
National policies: Risk management manuals, anti-hazing materials
Financial records: Dues payments, alcohol purchases

University Records

Prior conduct files: Previous violations, probation letters
Incident reports: Campus police or conduct office filings
Clery Act reports: Annual crime statistics
Internal communications: Emails among administrators about organization

Medical & Psychological Records

Emergency care: ER reports, ambulance records
Hospitalization records: ICU stays, surgery notes
Lab results: Toxicology, blood alcohol, muscle enzyme levels
Psychological evaluations: PTSD, depression, anxiety diagnoses
Future care needs: Life care plans for permanent injuries

Witness Testimony

Other pledges: Those who experienced same or similar conduct
Former members: Those who quit or were expelled
Roommates/RA’s: Those who observed changes or heard discussions
Bystanders: Non-members who witnessed events

Damages: What Can Be Recovered in Hazing Cases

Economic Damages (Quantifiable Losses)

Medical expenses: Past and future treatment costs
Lost income: Wages lost during recovery
Educational losses: Tuition for withdrawn semesters, lost scholarships
Future earning capacity: Reduced lifetime earnings from permanent disabilities
Therapy costs: Psychological treatment for trauma

Non-Economic Damages (Subjective Harms)

Physical pain: From injuries sustained
Emotional distress: PTSD, depression, anxiety, humiliation
Loss of enjoyment: Inability to participate in college life, activities
Reputational harm: Social stigma and relationship damage

Wrongful Death Damages (For Families)

Funeral/burial costs
Loss of companionship: Emotional support your child would have provided
Financial support: Earnings your child would have contributed to family
Parental grief: Emotional suffering of losing a child

Punitive Damages (When Available)

Purpose: Punish especially reckless or malicious conduct
When awarded: Defendant knew risks, ignored warnings, showed callous indifference
Texas caps: Statutory limits apply except in certain intentional tort cases

Case Value Realities

Death cases: $1M-$14M settlements/verdicts nationally
Severe injury cases: $375K-multi-million depending on permanency
Individual liability: Officers can face personal judgments (e.g., $6.5M against PiKA president)
Confidential settlements: Many cases resolve with non-disclosure terms

Insurance Coverage Complexities

Fraternities, sororities, and universities typically have multiple insurance policies that may cover hazing claims:

Common Coverage Issues

Intentional act exclusions: Insurers argue hazing is intentional, not covered
Multiple policies: Chapter, national, university, homeowner’s policies may all apply
Duty to defend vs. duty to indemnify: Insurers may defend case but refuse to pay judgment
Bad faith claims: When insurers wrongfully deny coverage

Our Insurance Insider Advantage
Mr. Lupe Peña spent years as an insurance defense attorney at a national firm. He knows:

How insurers value (and undervalue) claims
Reserve-setting formulas and negotiation tactics
How to counter Independent Medical Exam (IME) biases
When to pursue bad faith claims against insurers

Strategic Considerations for Winona Families

Timeline Awareness

Statute of limitations: Generally 2 years from injury in Texas, but exceptions apply
Evidence preservation: Digital evidence disappears within days
Witness availability: Students graduate, move, memories fade

Defendant Identification

Individual perpetrators: Those who planned or participated
Chapter officers: Presidents, pledge educators, risk managers
National organizations: Headquarters with oversight responsibility
Universities: For negligent supervision or deliberate indifference
Property owners: Landlords of chapter houses or event spaces

Jurisdiction Decisions

State vs. federal court: Depending on parties and claims
Venue choice: Where case is most strategically advantageous
Multi-district coordination: When cases involve multiple jurisdictions

Settlement vs. Trial Balance

Most cases settle: Confidential terms common
Trial readiness: Essential for settlement leverage
Public accountability: Some families choose trial for transparency
Privacy concerns: Others prioritize confidential resolution

Practical Guides & FAQs for Winona Families

For Parents: Recognizing and Responding to Hazing

Warning Signs Your Child May Be Being Hazed

Physical signs: Unexplained bruises, burns, cuts; extreme fatigue; weight changes; sleep deprivation
Behavioral changes: Sudden secrecy; withdrawal from family/friends; personality shifts (anxiety, depression)
Academic red flags: Grades dropping; missing classes; losing scholarships
Financial patterns: Unexpected large expenses; buying excessive alcohol; requests for money without explanation
Digital behavior: Constant phone monitoring; anxiety about messages; deleting communications

How to Talk to Your Child

Ask open questions: “How are things with [organization]? Are you enjoying it?”
Express concern without judgment: “I’ve noticed you seem exhausted lately. Is everything okay?”
Address specifics gently: “Have they been respectful of your time for sleep and classes?”
Create safety: “You can tell me anything. My priority is your safety, not whether you stay in the group.”
Listen without interrupting: Let them share at their pace.

If Your Child Is Hurt

Medical attention first: Even if they insist they’re “fine”
Document everything: Photos of injuries, screenshots of messages, notes of what they tell you
Preserve evidence: Don’t wash clothing, don’t delete messages, save physical items
Contact professionals: Doctor for medical care, therapist for emotional support, lawyer for legal options

Dealing with the University

Document all communications: Emails, calls, meetings
Ask specific questions: “What prior incidents involve this organization?” “What is your investigation timeline?”
Understand their process: Discipline vs. criminal referral vs. civil liability
Consult attorney before signing: Universities often push quick “resolution” agreements

When to Talk to a Lawyer
Immediately if:

Serious physical injury occurred
Your child was hospitalized
Sexual assault or severe humiliation involved
University response seems inadequate
You’re being pressured to sign documents

For Students: Self-Assessment and Safety Planning

Is This Hazing? Simple Test
Ask yourself:

Would I do this if I had a real choice (no social consequences)?
Is this activity dangerous, degrading, or illegal?
Would my parents/university approve if they knew exactly what was happening?
Am I being told to keep secrets or lie about activities?
Are older members making new members do things they don’t do themselves?

If you answer YES to any, it’s likely hazing.

How to Exit Safely

Immediate danger: Call 911, get to safe location
Planning to leave: Tell someone outside the organization first (parent, RA, friend)
Formal resignation: Email/text chapter president: “I resign my membership effective immediately”
Avoid “last meetings”: Don’t go where they might pressure or retaliate
Document retaliation: Save any threats or harassment

Evidence Collection Checklist

Screenshots: Group chats with timestamps visible
Photos: Injuries from multiple angles, locations, objects used
Medical records: Tell providers you were hazed for documentation
Witness info: Names/contacts of others who saw what happened
Journal: Write down everything while memory is fresh

Where to Report

Campus: Dean of Students, Office of Student Conduct, Title IX Coordinator
Police: Campus PD or local department if crimes occurred
National Anti-Hazing Hotline: 1-888-NOT-HAZE (anonymous)
Attorney: For legal options and protection

For Former Members/Witnesses

If you participated and now regret it:

Your testimony can prevent future harm
Cooperation can be part of accountability
You may need your own legal advice about potential exposure
Many find healing in helping ensure justice

Critical Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Case

1. Deleting Evidence
What happens: “I don’t want them to get in more trouble”
Why it’s wrong: Looks like cover-up; obstruction of justice; case becomes nearly impossible
Better approach: Preserve everything immediately, even embarrassing content

2. Confronting the Organization Directly
What happens: “I’m going to give them a piece of my mind”
Why it’s wrong: They immediately lawyer up, destroy evidence, coach witnesses
Better approach: Document everything, call lawyer before any confrontation

3. Signing University “Resolution” Forms
What happens: University pressures quick “internal resolution”
Why it’s wrong: You may waive right to sue; settlements often far below value
Better approach: Do NOT sign without attorney review

4. Posting on Social Media
What happens: “I want people to know what happened”
Why it’s wrong: Defense attorneys screenshot everything; inconsistencies hurt credibility
Better approach: Document privately; let lawyer control public messaging

5. Waiting “to See How University Handles It”
What happens: University promises investigation
Why it’s wrong: Evidence disappears, witnesses graduate, statute runs
Better approach: Preserve evidence NOW; consult lawyer immediately

6. Talking to Insurance Adjusters
What happens: “We just need your statement to process claim”
Why it’s wrong: Recorded statements used against you; early settlements are lowball
Better approach: “My attorney will contact you”

Frequently Asked Questions

“Can I sue a university for hazing in Texas?”
Yes, under certain circumstances. Public universities (UH, Texas A&M, UT) have sovereign immunity protections, but exceptions exist for gross negligence, Title IX violations, and when suing individuals. Private universities (SMU, Baylor) have fewer protections. Every case depends on specific facts—contact us at 1-888-ATTY-911 for case-specific analysis.

“Is hazing a felony in Texas?”
It can be. Texas law classifies hazing as Class B misdemeanor by default, but becomes state jail felony if hazing causes serious bodily injury or death. Individual officers can also face charges for failing to report hazing.

“Can my child bring a case if they ‘agreed’ to the initiation?”
Yes. Texas Education Code § 37.155 explicitly states consent is not a defense to hazing. Courts recognize that “consent” under peer pressure and power imbalance isn’t true voluntary consent.

“How long do we have to file a lawsuit?”
Generally 2 years from date of injury or death in Texas, but “discovery rule” may extend this if harm wasn’t immediately known. In cover-up cases, statute may be tolled. Time is critical—call 1-888-ATTY-911 immediately.

“What if hazing happened off-campus?”
Location doesn’t eliminate liability. Universities and nationals can still be liable based on sponsorship, control, and knowledge. Many major cases occurred off-campus with multi-million-dollar judgments.

“Will my child’s name be public?”
Most cases settle confidentially before trial. We prioritize family privacy while pursuing accountability.

Why Attorney911 for Texas Hazing Cases

When your Winona family faces a hazing crisis, you need more than a general personal injury lawyer. You need attorneys who understand how powerful institutions fight back—and how to win anyway. From our Houston office, we serve families throughout Texas, including Winona and all of Smith County. We understand that hazing at Texas universities affects families in our community and across the region.

Our Unique Qualifications for Hazing Litigation

Insurance Insider Advantage (Mr. Lupe Peña)
Mr. Peña spent years as an insurance defense attorney at a national firm. He knows:

How fraternity and university insurers value (and undervalue) claims
Their delay tactics, coverage exclusion arguments, and settlement strategies
How to counter Independent Medical Exam (IME) biases
Reserve-setting formulas and negotiation timelines
We know their playbook because we used to run it.

Complex Institutional Litigation Experience (Ralph Manginello)

BP Texas City explosion litigation: One of few Texas firms involved against billion-dollar defendants
Federal court experience (U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas)
Not intimidated by national fraternities, universities, or their defense teams
HCCLA membership signalizing elite criminal defense capability
We’ve taken on massive corporations and won. We know how to fight powerful institutions.

Multi-Million Dollar Wrongful Death & Catastrophic Injury Results

Proven track record in complex wrongful death cases
Economist collaboration for lifetime care valuation
Experience with brain injury, permanent disability cases
No settlement cheap—we build cases that force accountability

Civil + Criminal Hazing Expertise

Ralph’s HCCLA membership provides criminal defense insight
Understanding of how criminal charges interact with civil litigation
Ability to advise witnesses and former members with dual exposure
Navigation of parallel proceedings

Investigative Depth & Expert Network
We investigate like your child’s life depends on it—because it does.

Digital forensics for recovering deleted messages
Medical experts for rhabdomyolysis, TBI, kidney damage
Greek life culture and institutional policy experts
Economists and life-care planners for damage valuation
Psychologists for PTSD and trauma assessment

Texas Hazing Intelligence Engine
We maintain comprehensive data on Texas Greek organizations:

125+ Texas-registered Greek entities from IRS B83 filings
96 Texas university campuses with geographic relationships
1,423 Greek organizations tracked across 25 Texas metros
Cross-validated brand data showing national patterns

This means when you contact us about a hazing incident, we don’t start from zero. We already understand the organizational landscape, potential defendants, and liability structures.

Current Litigation: University of Houston Pi Kappa Phi Case

We are actively litigating the Leonel Bermudez v. UH & Pi Kappa Phi case, a $10 million hazing lawsuit that demonstrates our approach:

Comprehensive defendant identification (13 individuals + organizations)
Medical expertise in rhabdomyolysis and kidney injury
Digital evidence preservation from multiple platforms
Institutional accountability against university and national fraternity
Media coordination to raise awareness while protecting client

This isn’t theoretical—we’re in court right now fighting the same types of organizations that may have harmed your child.

Contact Attorney911 for a Free, Confidential Consultation

If you or your child experienced hazing at any Texas campus, we want to hear from you. Families in Winona and throughout Smith County have the right to answers and accountability.

What to Expect in Your Free Consultation:

We listen to your story without judgment
Review any evidence you have (photos, texts, medical records)
Explain your legal options: criminal report, civil lawsuit, both, or neither
Discuss realistic timelines and what to expect
Answer questions about costs (contingency fee—we don’t get paid unless we win)
No pressure to hire us—take time to decide
Everything you tell us is confidential

Contact Information:

Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070
Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com (Ralph Manginello), lupe@atty911.com (Lupe Peña)

Spanish Language Services:

Hablamos Español—Contact Mr. Lupe Peña at lupe@atty911.com for consultation in Spanish
Servicios legales en español disponibles

Final Word to Winona Families:
Whether you’re in Winona, Tyler, Longview, or anywhere across East Texas, if hazing has impacted your family, you don’t have to face this alone. The organizations responsible for harming your child have insurance policies, lawyers, and public relations teams. You need advocates with equal determination and greater commitment to truth.

We’re here to listen, to investigate, and to fight for the accountability that prevents future harm. Your child’s safety and recovery come first—always.

Call us today at 1-888-ATTY-911. We’re ready to help.

Plain Text Links to Key Resources

News Coverage of Leonel Bermudez / UH Pi Kappa Phi Hazing Lawsuit:

Attorney911 Educational YouTube Videos:

Using cellphone to document evidence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLbpzrmogTs
Statute of limitations explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRHwg8tV02c
Client mistakes that ruin cases: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3IYsoxOSxY
How contingency fees work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcI_j6F7Nc

Attorney911 Main Website & Contact:

Main website: https://attorney911.com
Wrongful death practice: https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/wrongful-death-claim-lawyer/
Criminal defense practice: https://attorney911.com/law-practice-areas/criminal-defense-lawyers/
Ralph Manginello profile: https://attorney911.com/attorneys/ralph-manginello/
Lupe Peña profile: https://attorney911.com/attorneys/lupe-pena/

National Hazing Resources (Not Affiliated with Attorney911):

National Anti-Hazing Hotline: 1-888-NOT-HAZE (1-888-668-4293)
StopHazing.org: https://stophazing.org

Legal Disclaimer

This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney–client relationship between you and The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC.

Hazing laws, university policies, and legal precedents can change. The information in this guide is current as of late 2025 but may not reflect the most recent developments. Every hazing case is unique, and outcomes depend on specific facts, evidence, applicable law, and many factors.

If you or your child has been affected by hazing, we strongly encourage you to consult with a qualified Texas attorney who can review your specific situation, explain your legal rights, and advise on the best course of action for your family.

The Manginello Law Firm, PLLC / Attorney911
Houston, Austin, and Beaumont, Texas
Call: 1-888-ATTY-911 (1-888-288-9911)
Direct: (713) 528-9070 | Cell: (713) 443-4781
Website: https://attorney911.com
Email: ralph@atty911.com