The Definitive Guide to Motor Vehicle Accident Law in Mount Vernon, Texas

You were driving along Interstate 30 on your way home to Mount Vernon, or perhaps you were navigating the intersection of Highway 37 and Main Street near the courthouse square. It happened in less than a second. The screech of tires. The violent jolt of metal on metal. The smell of deployed airbags. In the immediate aftermath of a Mount Vernon motor vehicle accident, your world feels small, chaotic, and overwhelmed by questions you never thought you’d have to ask.

We know what you’re feeling because we’ve spent combined decades in the trenches of Texas personal injury law. Since 1998, Ralph Manginello has fought for families in Mount Vernon and across Franklin County who have had their lives turned upside down by negligence. With over 27 years of experience and admission to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Ralph has seen every tactic in the insurance industry’s playbook. And when we say we know their playbook, we mean it literally. Our team includes Lupe Peña, an attorney who spent a significant portion of his career as an insurance defense lawyer. He used to be the one the carriers called to shut down claims like yours. Now, he’s on our side—your side—using that insider knowledge to deconstruct their defenses from the inside out.

A motor vehicle accident in Mount Vernon is not just a “fender bender” or a “claim number.” It is a disruption of your ability to work, a strain on your family, and a physical ordeal that often doesn’t reveal its true severity until days after the adrenaline fades. In Texas, you have rights, but those rights aren’t self-executing. You have to seize them. This guide is designed to give Mount Vernon residents the same level of sophisticated legal and technical knowledge that the billion-dollar insurance companies use against them every day.

The Reality of Crashes in Mount Vernon and Franklin County

Mount Vernon sits at a critical transit point in Northeast Texas. While our community is known for its historic charm and the beauty of Lake Cypress Springs, our roads tell a more dangerous story. The stretch of Interstate 30 that cuts through Franklin County is a high-volume artery for 18-wheelers moving freight between Dallas and Little Rock. When a passenger car shares the road with an 80,000-pound commercial rig, the laws of physics are unforgiving.

According to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) District 1 (Paris District), which oversees Mount Vernon, rural interstate corridors see a disproportionate number of high-speed, catastrophic collisions. In Mount Vernon, we see it every day: rear-end collisions at the I-30 exit ramps, T-bone accidents on Highway 67, and devastating high-speed accidents involving distracted drivers who forget that a moment’s look at a phone can be lethal.

When a serious injury occurs here, the medical response often starts at Mount Vernon facilities but quickly escalates. Patients are frequently stabilized at Titus Regional Medical Center in Mt. Pleasant or Christus Mother Frances in Sulphur Springs before being Life-Flighted to Level I trauma centers in Dallas—such as Baylor University Medical Center or Parkland Memorial Hospital—especially when dealing with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) or complex spinal trauma.

Our firm has recovered multi-million dollar results for families facing these exact scenarios. While past results don’t guarantee future outcomes, our recovery ranges for things like Traumatic Brain Injury typically fall between $1.5 million and $9.8 million, and our wrongful death recoveries have reached as high as $9.5 million. We bring that same level of “big city” powerhouse litigation experience back home to Mount Vernon.

Why the Insurance Company is Already Working Against You

The moment your accident was reported, a State Farm, Progressive, or Allstate adjuster was likely assigned to your case. They may sound friendly on the phone. They might even offer to “take care of everything” or ask for a recorded statement “just to get the facts straight.”

Do not be fooled. As our associate attorney Lupe Peña can tell you from his years in insurance defense, their goal is not to compensate you fairly. Their goal is to close the file for as little as possible. They use McKinsey-developed protocols like Allstate’s CCPR (Claims Core Process Redesign) or State Farm’s ACE program to identify “low-impact” claims and systematically lowball them. They know that if they can get you to accept $1,500 the day after a crash on Highway 37, they’ve successfully convinced you to sign away a claim that might actually be worth $50,000 or more once your herniated disc is finally diagnosed by an MRI.

At Attorney 911 / The Manginello Law Firm, we don’t let our Mount Vernon clients get bullied. We know the value of your case isn’t determined by a computer algorithm in an insurance office in Bloomington or San Antonio. It’s determined by the law and the facts.

Understanding Impact Subtypes in Mount Vernon

Every crash has its own physical and legal DNA. In Mount Vernon, the type of collision you experienced dictates the specific Texas statutes that apply and the evidence we need to preserve.

High-Speed I-30 Rear-End Collisions

Tex. Transp. Code § 545.062 (https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.545.htm#545.062) requires every driver in Mount Vernon to maintain an “assured clear distance” ahead. When a driver rear-ends you on the I-30 bridge over Lake Cypress Springs, they are almost always presumptively negligent under the Wright v. McAdams Lumber Co. doctrine. The kinetic energy in these high-speed hits is massive. An 80,000-pound truck traveling at 70 mph carries 20 times the mass of a passenger car, creating a destructive force that can crush a trunk into the backseat in a heartbeat.

Intersection T-Bones on Highway 37 and US-67

Intersections like those surrounding the Mount Vernon square are hot spots for failure-to-yield accidents. Under Tex. Transp. Code § 545.151, the player who enters the intersection first or has the green light has the right of way, but the “lookout” duty applies to everyone. We use EDR (Event Data Recorder) or “black box” data to prove exactly when the other driver hit their brakes—or if they didn’t hit them at all because they were distracted by a phone.

Parking Lot “Fender Benders” at Brookshire’s or Lowe’s

Even slow-speed backups in a grocery store parking lot fall under Texas common law negligence. While the property damage might look minor, the “Minor Impact Soft Tissue” (MIST) protocols used by carriers are designed to dismiss these cases. We fight back by focusing on the occupant kinematics—how your body moved inside the car, not just how the bumper looked outside.

Side-Swipes and Blind-Spot Merges

On the two-lane farm-to-market roads around Mount Vernon, like FM 21 or FM 115, passing and merging are dangerous. Tex. Transp. Code § 545.060 requires drivers to stay within a single lane. We often find that these crashes are caused by commercial drivers who have been on the road too long, violating FMCSA Hours of Service regulations (49 CFR § 395).

The Biomechanics of Your Injury: Why You Hurt Two Days Later

One of the most common questions we get from Mount Vernon residents is: “I felt okay at the scene, but now I can barely move. Is that normal?”

The answer is a resounding yes. It is basic human biology. In the seconds after a crash on Main Street, your body is flooded with adrenaline and cortisol. This is the “fight or flight” response, which naturally masks pain signals so you can get to safety. But once that adrenaline subsides and the inflammatory cascade begins, usually 24 to 72 hours later, you begin to feel the real damage.

The Whiplash Mechanism (CAD)

Whiplash, or Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration (CAD), occurs in four phases in under 300 milliseconds. Your torso is accelerated forward by the car seat, while your head lags behind, forced into an S-curve that stretches the ligaments and facet joints of the C5-C6 vertebrae beyond their physiological limit. We use the Quebec Task Force WAD I-IV grading system to help Mount Vernon doctors document the severity of neck injuries so the insurance company can’t claim you’re “just sore.”

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Concussions

You don’t have to hit your head to have a brain injury. The “coup-contrecoup” mechanism occurs when the brain strikes the inside of the skull during rapid deceleration. We have seen clients who were rear-ended at the Mount Vernon I-30 exit who appeared fine at the scene, only to develop “Persistent Post-Concussive Syndrome” months later—manifesting as memory loss, irritability, and light sensitivity. Ralph Manginello has secured results in the $1.5M to $9.8M range for TBI victims precisely because he knows how to document these “invisible” injuries.

The Eggshell Plaintiff Doctrine

If you already had a bad back or a prior injury, the insurance company will try to use it against you. But under the Texas “Eggshell Plaintiff” doctrine (affirmed in Coates v. Whittington), a defendant must take the plaintiff as they find them. If a collision in Mount Vernon aggravated a pre-existing condition that was previously under control, the negligent driver is responsible for the entire symptomatic worsening.

The Mount Vernon Insurance Battleground

Franklin County is home to hard-working people, and many carry the Texas mandatory minimum coverage of 30/60/25 ($30,000 per person for bodily injury). But in a serious crash, $30,000 doesn’t even cover the first night in a Dallas ICU.

This is why we look for multiple compensation pathways. We ask:

• Did the driver have a personal umbrella policy?
• Were they working at the time, triggering a $1M+ commercial policy?
• Do you have Underinsured Motorist (UIM) coverage? (Many Mount Vernon drivers have this and don’t even know it).
• Was there a vehicle defect, like a Takata airbag rupture, triggering a product liability claim?

Lupe Peña’s experience on the other side of these claims is a nuclear differentiator for our firm. We know which carriers—like Progressive or Geico—rely on fast-track adjusting to minimize payouts, and we know how to stop them. For example, under Tex. Ins. Code § 542.060 (https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm#542.060), a carrier that refuses to pay a valid claim within 60 days of receiving all necessary paperwork may be liable for an additional 18% per-annum interest penalty plus attorney fees. Most lawyers won’t tell you that. We make it a central part of our strategy.

Texas Law: The Framework for Your Recovery in Mount Vernon

Navigating a motor vehicle accident claim in Franklin County requires a deep mastery of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code.

Modified Comparative Fault (§ 33.001)

Texas follows the “51% Rule.” If a jury determines you were more than 50% responsible for the crash, you recover zero. Not a penny. If you are 50% or less at fault, your recovery is reduced by your percentage of responsibility. Our job is to make sure the evidence—the 911 calls from Mount Vernon dispatch, the CR-3 crash reports, and the tire marks on the asphalt—places the blame where it belongs: on the negligent driver.

The Two-Year Deadline (§ 16.003)

Under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003 (https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.16.htm#16.003), you generally have two years from the day of the crash to file a lawsuit in Mount Vernon. But warn your family: if the vehicle that hit you was owned by a government entity—like a Franklin County maintenance truck or a Mount Vernon ISD bus—you may only have six months to provide formal notice under the Texas Tort Claims Act (§ 101.101). If you miss that notice window, your case is dead before it starts.

The Paid-or-Incurred Rule (§ 41.0105)

This is a trap the insurance companies love. Under the Haygood v. de Escabedo ruling, you can only recover the amount “actually paid or incurred” for medical bills, not the full sticker price. If your hospital bill was $20,000 but your health insurance negotiated it down to $5,000, you can only claim $5,000 in court. We know how to navigate these “Haygood hurdles” to ensure your pain and suffering damages reflect the true impact of the injury, not just the discounted medical bill.

How We Prove Your Case in Mount Vernon

Winning an accident case in Northwest Texas isn’t about who has the loudest voice; it’s about who has the best evidence.

1. The CR-3 Crash Report: We pull your Mount Vernon police or Franklin County Sheriff report immediately. We look for the “Contributing Factors” codes—like Code 14 (distracted driving) or Code 22 (failed to yield right of way).
2. ELD and Black Box Data: In 18-wheeler cases on I-30, we send out a 7-Day Spoliation Letter. Under 49 CFR § 395.8(k), trucking companies are only required to keep electronic logging data for six months, but many “accidentally” lose it much sooner. We lock that evidence down.
3. The Brainard Rule: For UM/UIM claims, Texas law follows Brainard v. Trinity Universal. You can’t just sue your own insurance company; you have to establish the other driver’s liability first. We understand this procedural dance and ensure no deadlines are missed.
4. Expert Witnesses: We work with accident reconstructionists who use drone mapping of Mount Vernon intersections and biomechanical engineers who can prove exactly why a C5-C6 disc herniations are consistent with a 20-mph rear-end collision.

The Money Math: What is Your Mount Vernon Case Worth?

When we calculate a case for a Mount Vernon client, we look at the “Total Economic and Non-Economic Impact.”

• Past Medicals: Everything from the ER at Titus Regional to the physical therapy in Mount Vernon.
• Future Medicals: If you need a fusion surgery in five years, that must be paid for now.
• Lost Wages and Capacity: It’s not just the hours you missed last month; it’s the promotion you can’t take because you can no longer lift 50 pounds. We use vocational experts to quantify your “Loss of Earning Capacity.”
• Pain and Suffering: How do you put a price on the fact that you can no longer play catch with your kids at Little League fields in Mount Vernon? We use “Per-Diem” and “Multiplier” methods to ensure your human loss is valued fairly.

Our managing partner, Ralph Manginello, has recovered multi-million dollar settlements for amputation cases ($1.9M to $8.6M) and spinal cord injuries. We fight for every dime because we know that once you sign a release for the insurance company, you can never go back for more.

Frequently Asked Questions for Mount Vernon Residents

1. I was just rear-ended on US-67. Do I really need a lawyer if it’s just a fender bender?

Yes. The insurance company’s goal in a “minor” impact is to use MIST protocols to pay you nothing. As one of our clients, Mongo Slade, said: “I was rear-ended and the team got right to work with my medical issues… I also got a very nice settlement.” Even minor hits can cause permanent nerve damage. We offer a free consultation to tell you if you actually have a case.

2. Can I afford a Mount Vernon car accident lawyer?

Yes. We work on a Contingency Fee basis. This means you pay nothing up front. Zero. We advance all the costs of investigation, experts, and filing fees. If we don’t win, you don’t owe us a dollar for our time or expenses. We only get paid when we recover money for you.

3. How long does a lawsuit in Franklin County take?

Most cases in Mount Vernon resolve within 6 to 18 months. If we can reach a fair settlement pre-suit, it’s faster. If the insurance company refuses to be reasonable and we have to take them to a Franklin County District Court, it takes longer. But with 27+ years of experience, Ralph Manginello knows how to push the pace.

4. What if the other driver was a commercial truck on I-30?

These are not regular car accidents. Commercial trucking is governed by federal FMCSA regulations. If a driver was over their hours (49 CFR § 395) or the truck had faulty brakes (49 CFR § 393), the trucking company is on the hook. We have gone toe-to-toe with Fortune 500 fleets and won.

5. I’m an undocumented worker in Mount Vernon. Can I still sue if I was hit?

Yes. In Texas, your immigration status is irrelevant to your right to recover for someone else’s negligence. We provide bilingual representation through Lupe Peña. Hablamos Español. Your status will not be an issue in your civil case, and we protect your privacy fiercely.

6. The insurance company offered me $5,000 for my pain. Should I take it?

Almost never. This is the “lowball offer” phase. They want you to sign a release before you realize you need surgery. Call us first. We’ll review the offer for free.

7. What is the Texas “Move Over” law?

Tex. Transp. Code § 545.157 requires you to move over or slow down for stopped emergency vehicles in Mount Vernon. If a driver hits you while you are stopped on the shoulder of I-30, they have violated this law, which is often considered “Negligence Per Se.”

8. What if I was partially at fault for the accident in Mount Vernon?

As long as you are 50% or less at fault, you can still recover. If a jury finds you 20% responsible for a $100,000 case, you still receive $80,000. Don’t let the other driver’s insurance company convince you that you have no case just because they claim you contributed.

9. How do I get a copy of my Mount Vernon accident report?

We can pull it for you via the TxDOT C.R.I.S. system. You can also request it from the Mount Vernon PD or the Franklin County Sheriff’s office. It’s called a CR-3 form.

10. What is bad faith in Texas insurance law?

If an insurance company denies a claim they know they should pay, or fails to investigate properly, they may be acting in “Bad Faith” under Tex. Ins. Code Ch. 541. With our insider defense knowledge, we are specialists at spotting—and punishing—bad faith behavior.

Our Results for Families Like Yours

Since 1998, we have treated our clients like family. As our client Chad Harris put it: “You are NOT just some client that’s caught in the middle of many other cases. You are FAMILY to them and they protect and fight for you as such.”

We have recovered:

• $1.5M – $9.8M for Traumatic Brain Injuries.
• $1.9M – $8.6M for Amputations and Catastrophic Orthopedic Trauma.
• $1.9M – $9.5M for Wrongful Death.
• Multi-million dollar results against companies like BP, Walmart, Amazon, and major trucking fleets.

(Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. Every case is unique.)

Hablamos Español: Lupe Peña and Native Spanish Representation

In Mount Vernon and across Northeast Texas, the Hispanic community is a vital part of our fabric. We believe you should be able to speak directly to your lawyer without an interpreter. Lupe Peña provides native-fluent Spanish representation. Whether you are dealing with a complex 18-wheeler crash or a simple rear-end on Highway 37, you deserve to be heard in your own language.

“Hablamos Español. Llame al 1-888-ATTY-911. Su consulta es gratis y totalmente confidencial.”

Action Plan: What to Do Today

If you’ve been hurt in a Mount Vernon car accident, every day you wait is a day the insurance company uses to build their defense. Here is your plan:

1. Stop Talking to the Adjuster: You are under no obligation to give a recorded statement. Tell them, “I am retaining counsel,” and hang up.
2. Seek Medical Continuity: Do not have a 30-day gap in your treatment. If you are hurting, go back to the doctor.
3. Preserve the Evidence: If it was a commercial truck, we need to send that FMCSA spoliation letter TODAY to prevent the deletion of ELD data.
4. Call 1-888-ATTY-911: We are available 24/7. Ralph or Lupe will talk to you personally. We give our clients our personal cell phone numbers because we know that when you’re in crisis, you don’t want to talk to an answering service.

Versión en Español: Su Guía Definitiva sobre Leyes de Accidentes en Mount Vernon, Texas

Usted conducía por la Interestatal 30 de regreso a casa en Mount Vernon, o quizás navegaba por la intersección de la Carretera 37 y Main Street. Sucedió en menos de un segundo. El chirrido de las llantas. El impacto violento de metal contra metal. El olor de las bolsas de aire. En los momentos posteriores a un accidente en Mount Vernon, su mundo se siente pequeño, caótico y lleno de preguntas.

Entendemos lo que siente porque hemos pasado décadas en las trincheras de la ley de lesiones personales en Texas. Desde 1998, Ralph Manginello ha luchado por familias en Mount Vernon y en todo el condado de Franklin. Con más de 27 años de experiencia y admisión en la Corte Federal del Distrito Sur de Texas, Ralph ha visto todas las tácticas de las aseguradoras. Y cuando decimos que conocemos su manual de estrategias, lo decimos literalmente. Nuestro equipo incluye a Lupe Peña, un abogado que pasó gran parte de su carrera defendiendo a las compañías de seguros. Él sabe cómo piensan porque solía trabajar para ellos. Ahora, él usa ese conocimiento interno para usted.

Un accidente de vehículo de motor en Mount Vernon no es solo un “choque menor”. Es una interrupción de su capacidad para trabajar y un dolor físico que a menudo no muestra su verdadera gravedad hasta días después. En Texas, usted tiene derechos, pero tiene que reclamarlos.

La Realidad de los Choques en Mount Vernon y el Condado de Franklin

Mount Vernon es un punto de tránsito crítico en el noreste de Texas. La Interestatal 30 que atraviesa el condado de Franklin es una arteria de alto volumen para camiones de 18 ruedas (18-wheelers). Cuando un auto de pasajeros comparte la carretera con un camión de 80,000 libras, las leyes de la física son implacables.

Nuestra firma ha recuperado resultados multimillonarios para familias en estas situaciones. Aunque los resultados pasados no garantizan resultados futuros, nuestros rangos de recuperación para lesiones cerebrales traumáticas (TBI) suelen estar entre $1.5 millones y $9.8 millones, y las recuperaciones por muerte injusta han llegado a $9.5 millones.

Por Qué la Aseguradora ya está Trabajando en su Contra

Tan pronto como se reporta su accidente, se asigna un ajustador de State Farm, Progressive o Allstate. Pueden sonar amables, pero su objetivo no es compensarlo justamente. Su objetivo es cerrar el caso por lo menos posible. Utilizan programas como Allstate “CCPR” para identificar reclamos de “bajo impacto” y pagar lo mínimo.

En Attorney 911 / The Manginello Law Firm, no dejamos que nuestros clientes de Mount Vernon sean intimidados. Sabemos que el valor de su caso no lo determina un algoritmo en una oficina de seguros, sino la ley y los hechos.

Entendiendo los Tipos de Impacto en Mount Vernon

Choques por Alcance (Rear-End) en la I-30

El Tex. Transp. Code § 545.062 (que establece la distancia de seguridad obligatoria) requiere que cada conductor mantenga una “distancia libre asegurada”. Cuando alguien le choca por detrás, casi siempre es responsable bajo la presunción de Wright v. McAdams Lumber Co.

Accidentes en Intersecciones (T-Bone) en la Carretera 37

El Tex. Transp. Code § 545.151 gobierna quién tiene el derecho de paso. Usamos datos de la “caja negra” (EDR) de los vehículos para demostrar exactamente qué hacía el otro conductor antes del impacto.

La Biomecánica de su Lesión: ¿Por qué Duele Días Después?

Mucha gente en Mount Vernon nos pregunta: “¿Por qué me siento peor dos días después?”. La adrenalina del momento enmascara el dolor. Una vez que la adrenalina baja y comienza la inflamación (el “inflammatory cascade”), es cuando se siente el daño real.

La Doctrina del “Pliego de Huevo” (Eggshell Plaintiff)

Si usted ya tenía una lesión previa, la aseguradora tratará de culpar a eso. Pero bajo la ley de Texas (Coates v. Whittington), el conductor negligente es responsable de cualquier síntoma que haya empeorado por el choque.

Ley de Texas: El Marco para su Recuperación

Responsabilidad Comparativa Modificada (§ 33.001)

Texas sigue la regla del 51%. Si un jurado determina que usted tuvo más del 50% de la culpa, recupera cero. Si tiene 50% o menos de culpa, su compensación se reduce por ese porcentaje.

El Plazo de Dos Años (§ 16.003)

Conforme al Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.003 (que establece el plazo de prescripción de dos años para reclamos de lesiones personales en Texas), generalmente tiene dos años para demandar. Pero cuidado: si el vehículo era del gobierno, el aviso bajo la Ley de Reclamos por Agravios de Texas (§ 101.101) debe darse en seis meses.

Preguntas Frecuentes (FAQ) para Residentes de Mount Vernon

1. ¿Realmente necesito un abogado para un choque pequeño?

Sí. Las aseguradoras usan protocolos de “bajo impacto” para negarle compensación. Como dijo nuestro cliente Mongo Slade: “El equipo se puso a trabajar de inmediato con mis problemas médicos… y obtuve un acuerdo muy bueno”.

2. ¿Puedo pagar un abogado de accidentes en Mount Vernon?

Sí. Trabajamos bajo un Contrato de Contingencia. Esto significa que usted no paga nada por adelantado. Nosotros pagamos todos los gastos. Solo cobramos si ganamos su caso.

3. ¿Qué pasa si el otro conductor era un camión comercial en la I-30?

Estos casos son diferentes. Están sujetos a las regulaciones federales del FMCSA (49 CFR § 390). Si el conductor violó las horas de servicio (HOS), la empresa es responsable. Hemos luchado contra corporaciones de Fortune 500 y ganado.

4. Soy un trabajador indocumentado, ¿puedo demandar?

Absolutamente sí. En Texas, su estatus migratorio no afecta su derecho a recibir compensación por la negligencia de otro. Lupe Peña ofrece representación directa en español sin intérpretes.

5. ¿Qué es el aviso de 6 meses para casos del gobierno?

Bajo el Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 101.101, si le chocó una patrulla o un autobús escolar, tiene solo 6 meses para dar aviso formal. Si no lo hace, pierde su derecho a demandar.

El Dinero: ¿Cuánto vale su caso?

Calculamos:

• Gastos médicos pasados y futuros.
• Salarios perdidos y pérdida de capacidad de ganancia.
• Dolor y sufrimiento.

Ralph Manginello ha recuperado entre $1.9M y $9.5M por muertes injustas y millones más por lesiones cerebrales.

Plan de Acción: Qué hacer hoy

Si se lesionó en un accidente en Mount Vernon, cada día cuenta:

1. Deje de hablar con el ajustador. No dé declaraciones grabadas.
2. Vea a un médico de inmediato. No deje pasar más de 72 horas.
3. Preserve la evidencia. Necesitamos enviar cartas legales para que no borren los videos y datos del camión.
4. Llame al 1-888-ATTY-911. Ralph o Lupe hablarán con usted personalmente. Le daremos nuestro número celular personal.

Estamos aquí para proteger a las familias de Mount Vernon. Usted no es solo un número; es parte de nuestra familia. Llame hoy mismo. Sustancialmente, estamos listos para pelear por usted.

Aviso Legal: Esta información es para fines educativos y no constituye asesoría legal directa. Los resultados pasados no garantizan resultados futuros. Oficina principal: Houston, Texas.